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This book addresses the complexities of the translation process. Informed by theoretical and methodological advances in translation studies, research on writing and the expertise paradigm, it explores translation as a text reproduction task. With triangulation of data from Russian-Swedish translation - think-aloud-methodology and computer logging of the writing process - it makes a cross-sectional comparison of subjects with different amounts of translation experience, highlighting crucial aspects of professional competence and expertise in translation. The book also elaborates a method for a combined product and process analysis, applying it to the study of one type of explicitation: increased cohesive explicitness of the target text. The results have implications for translation theory and pedagogy. This volume will be of interest to translation scholars and translator trainers, irrespective of language combination, as well as to specialists in Russian and Swedish. It will also appeal to researchers on expertise in other domains.

The contributions of this volume explore the dynamics of the interface between the cognitive and situational levels in translation and interpreting. Originally published as special issue of Translation Spaces 5:1 (2016).

This volume addresses translation as an act and an event, having as its main focus the cognitive and mental processes of the translating or interpreting individual in the act of translating, while opening up wider perspectives by including the social situation in explorations of the translation process. First published as a special issue of Translation and Interpreting Studies (issue 8:2, 2013), the chapters in this volume deal with various aspects of translators' and interpreters' observable and non-observable processes, thus encouraging further research at the interface of cognitive and sociological approaches in this area. In terms of those distinctions, the chapters can be characterized as studies of the actual cognitive translation acts, of other processes related to the translation acts, or of processes that are related to the sociological translation event.

In this presentation I will first briefly describe the Swedish community interpreting scene and its historical background. Secondly, I will outline the various currently existing training opportunities for interpreters. Interpreter training, both at university level and in vocational courses, has been instrumental in developing professionalism and creating standards for quality interpreter services. The third and last part of the paper describes initiatives in promoting professionalism not only among interpreters but also among trainers of interpreters.

This volume brings together papers from the areas of psychology, general linguistics, psycholinguistics, as well as from simultaneous interpreting. Their common focus is how theories and methodologies from various disciplines can be applied to the study of simultaneous interpreting, and also to suggest ways in which the study of simultaneous interpreting in its turn might contribute to knowledge in other areas. General topics dealt with include memory, language processing, bilingual processing, and second language acquisition. The articles more specifically focused on simultaneous interpreting discuss implications of the general topics and report on empirical studies on expertise in interpreting and on phonological interference in spoken language interpreting. Requirements for further interdisciplinary research in the context of simultaneous interpreting are considered. There is also a discussion of transcription conventions for simultaneous interpreting.

The PACTE Group has been carrying out experimental research into translation competence since 1977. The aim of this paper is to present the results obtained for one of our study variables: Identification and Solution of Translation Problems. A brief introduction to the PACTE Group's research project on translation competence is followed by a description of the variable Identification and Solution of Translation Problems, its indicators, and the instruments used for data collection. Finally, the results obtained are presented. These show that the translation problems identified by subjects varied greatly depending on the individual; directionality plays a role in the definition of the difficulty of translation problems; there was no relation between subjects' perception of the overall difficulty of a text to be translated and the acceptability of their solutions to translation problems; and, finally, the characterisation of translation problems would not appear to be a feature of translation competence.

This article discusses cognitive aspects of professional community interpreting. We give an overview of earlier research into community interpreting, arguing that cognitive aspects have largely been neglected. We propose that in building a model of the mental processes of the community interpreter, different kinds of monitoring are a crucial and pervasive component. Monitoring contributes to and enables the double function of the interpreter: translating and managing the interaction of the interpreted encounter. We furthermore stress the importance of the notion of professional self-concept for explaining the interpreter’s decision-making and exemplify this by analyzing turn-taking in two Swedish-Spanish interpreted encounters.

This book addresses the complexities of the translation process. Informed by theoretical & methodological advances in translation studies, research on writing & the expertise paradigm, it explores translation as a text reproduction task. With triangulation of data from Russian-Swedish translation - think-aloud-methodology & computer logging of the writing process - it makes a cross-sectional comparison of subjects with different amounts of translation experience, highlighting crucial aspects of professional competence & expertise in translation. The book also elaborates a method for a combined product & process analysis, applying it to the study of one type of explicitation: increased cohesive explicitness of the target text. The results have implications for translation theory & pedagogy. This volume will be of interest to translation scholars & translator trainers, irrespective of language combination, as well as to specialists in Russian & Swedish. It will also appeal to researchers on expertise in other domains. 41 Tables, 3 Figures, 8 Charts, Bibliog, 4 Appendixes. Adapted from the source document