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"Engwall, Lars"
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Introduction to Academic Freedom in the Twenty-first Century
This supplement to the European Review is based on a conference on the topic ‘Academic Freedom in the Twenty-first Century’ held at the Wenner-Gren Centre in Stockholm on 15−17 May 2024 with the economic support of the Wenner-Gren Foundations. The conference was part of a series arranged by the Higher Education, Research and CULture in European Society (HERCulES) group within Academia Europaea.
Journal Article
Academic Publishing in Modern Society
This article analyses academic publishing in modern society by means of a governance model focusing on three groups of governors: Regulators, Market Actors, and Professions. It demonstrates how these three groups have interacted and how this interaction has put pressure on faculty members to produce publications for top journals. It also points to the strong position of publishers, which leads to high profit margins. The article therefore also discusses different possible measures to change the publishing system.
Journal Article
Listen to Eva Forslund and Magnus Henrekson, Please!
My commentary on Eva Forslund and Magnus Henrekson (2022) supports and extends their arguments. The issue is the increasing tendency of non-English institutions and individuals to use English in publishing and teaching. I elaborate on a number of problems associated with this development in terms of research problems addressed, student understanding, and collaboration with society.
Journal Article
Regulation And Organizations
During the 1980s and 1990s, organisations have undergone both regulation and deregulation. This set of papers written by a distinguished selection of international experts examines the nature of regulation, its evolution in particular sectors and its impact on social and economic equality. It draws on social theory concerned with the nature of regulation and order in modern societies as well as providing as a series of detailed analyses of particular forms of regulatory regimes in national and international contexts. This book, first published in 1999, should be of particular interest to management and business researchers, sociologists and political economists concerned with the process of regulation and its impact on organisations and management.
1. Regulation and Organizations: An Introduction Glenn Morgan and Lars Engwall Part 1. Concepts of Regulation, Rules and Control 2. From the ‘Cage’ to the ‘Gaze’? The Dynamics of Organizational Control in Late Modernity Michael Reed 3. Rules as a Mode of Economic Governance Anna Grandori, Guiseppe Soda and Alessandro Usai Part 2. Regulatory Regimes and Governance 4. Deregulation and Embeddedness: The Case of the French Banking System Danielle Salomon 5. Regulatory Regimes Lars Engwall and Glenn Morgan 6. Is the German Model of Corporate Governance Changing? Nestor D’Alessio and Herbert Oberbeck Part 3. The Evolution of Regulatory Processes: Formal and Informal Mechanisms of Change 7. The Regulation of Price-Sensitive Information John Holland 8. Regulation as a Response to Critical Events: A Century of Struggle for the Swedish Auditing Profession Eva Wallerstedt 9. Regulatory Compliance Glenn Morgan and Kim Soin 10. Regulation in Network Industries Staffan Hulten and Claes-Frederik Helgesson Part 4. Regulation, Power and Inequality 11. The Regulation of Retail Financial Services in Britain: An Analysis of a Crisis Michael Clarke 12. Price Structures in UK Utilities: Responses to Deregulation Catherine Waddams Price 13. Regulating Money Laundering: A Case Study of the UK Experience Prem Sikka and Hugh Willmott
eBook
Governance of and by Philanthropic Foundations
Philanthropic foundations have become increasingly important in present-day societies. In relation to governance, they represent some specific features. Like corporations, they are subject to regulation, but they differ by having neither owners nor customers. This makes the governance of foundations an important issue for study. At the same time, governance by foundations is likewise of importance. It includes the role of foundations in corporate governance based on their ownership in corporations and their role in resource allocation based on the returns of their assets. Against this background, this article addresses three research questions: (1) What are the characteristics of the governance of foundations? (2) What role do foundations play for corporate governance? (3) What role do foundations play for resource allocation? In order to contribute to answering these questions this article provides an analysis of the first centenary (1917−2017) of a major Swedish philanthropic foundation, the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation. It is concluded that successful foundation governance is characterized by (1) rule compliance, (2) loyalty to the founders, and (3) legitimacy among prospective grantees. Additional conclusions are that the larger, the more concentrated, and the more long-term the asset portfolio, the more significant will be the role a foundation may play in corporate governance, and the more successful asset management and the more careful project selection, the more significant will be the role a foundation may play in resource allocation. In addition, the article demonstrates the reciprocal relationships between foundations, corporations, and grantees.
Journal Article
Structural Conditions for Interdisciplinarity
Analysing structural conditions for interdisciplinarity, this paper focuses on the characteristics of four factors in the organization of the sciences: disciplines, institutions, rewards and funding. It is argued that interdisciplinarity is less likely to involve disciplines that are strongly integrated, i.e. where task uncertainty is low and the dependence among researchers is high. Likewise, it is claimed that interdisciplinarity is likely to be hampered by strong departmental organization structures. Interdisciplinarity is also considered to become less likely as quality control is specifically discipline oriented and also when funding is concentrated and in the hands of scientific elites. In contrast, interdisciplinary research may be found in research environments with weakly integrated disciplines in institutions with weak or no departmental structures, and where disciplinary reward systems are weak in systems with a variety of funding.
Journal Article
Montesquieu in the University: The Governance of World-class Institutions of Higher Education and Research
The point of departure for this article is the principle of the separation of powers, formulated long ago by the Frenchman Charles-Louis de Secondat Montesquieu. It is argued that this principle is important for the governance of universities, entailing a balance between university boards, university presidents and university senates. To this end, the article presents evidence about the governance structure of two highly-ranked US universities, UC Berkeley (UCB) and Stanford University. It reports on board compositions, the selection of presidents and the role of academic senates. The conclusion is that the principle of the balance of powers (‘shared governance’ as it is called at UCB) has served the two universities well. Therefore, despite differences in other conditions, such as their endowments, other universities might benefit from the evidence reported.
Journal Article