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"Eriksson, August"
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The walk : August Eriksson
Dieses Buch prèasentiert ein auاergewèohnliches Fotoprojekt des schwedischen Fotografen August Eriksson, das die Spannung zwischen Subjekt und Medium untersucht. Das behandelte Objekt, der Weg, definiert sich èuber den Prozess der kèorperlichen Bewegung, die den Fotografen Schritt fèur Schritt vorwèarts fèuhrt, wèahrend das Medium, die Fotografie, einen Moment des Sehens starr festhèalt. Diesen flèuchtigen Moment des Widerspruchs, der jeder Fotografie innewohnt, hat Eriksson in atemberaubenden Bildern in den unberèuhrten schwedischen Wèaldern eingefangen. August Eriksson hinterfragt mit seiner Arbeit die Konzepte von Serialitèat und Wiederholung. Die Arbeit besteht aus sechsundsechzig aufeinanderfolgenden Bildern, alle in gleich strenger Komposition: der beschrittene Weg, aus der Augenhèohe des Lèaufers festgehalten. Das Buch prèasentiert nun erstmals die gesamte Bildserie. Exhibition: Galleri Axel, Stockholm, Sweden (01.10. - 23.10.2016).
Book
Implementing risk-based approaches to improve drinking water quality in small water supplies in the Nordic region – barriers and solutions
Small water supplies face similar problems worldwide, regardless of ownership or management type. Non-compliance with water quality regulations is more frequent in small supplies than in large ones, as are waterborne disease outbreaks. The new European Union Drinking Water Directive requires risk-based approach (RBA) to secure water safety as is recommended in the World Health Organization's Guidelines for drinking water quality through ‘water safety plans’. This is already in regulation in the Nordic countries, although less used in small supplies. In this research, we explore the challenges, barriers and possible solutions to implementing RBA and improving compliance in small supplies. This was achieved by conducting and analysing interviews with 53 stakeholders from all eight Nordic countries to produce recommendations for action by the different implicated actors. Our findings suggest the centrality of governmental policy, including support for continuous training, provision of simple RBA guidelines and increasing cooperation in the water sector. The Nordic experience reflects global challenges with small water supplies and the trend towards systematic preventive management epitomized in the framework for drinking water safety advocated by the World Health Organization since 2004.
Journal Article
Quantitative proteomic analyses of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells reveal differentially expressed proteins in multiple sclerosis patients and healthy controls
Background
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune, neuroinflammatory disease, with an unclear etiology. However, T cells play a central role in the pathogenesis by crossing the blood–brain-barrier, leading to inflammation of the central nervous system and demyelination of the protective sheath surrounding the nerve fibers. MS has a complex inheritance pattern, and several studies indicate that gene interactions with environmental factors contribute to disease onset.
Methods
In the current study, we evaluated T cell dysregulation at the protein level using electrospray liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry to get novel insights into immune-cell processes in MS. We have analyzed the proteomic profiles of CD4
+
and CD8
+
T cells purified from whole blood from 13 newly diagnosed, treatment-naive female patients with relapsing–remitting MS and 14 age- and sex-matched healthy controls.
Results
An overall higher protein abundance was observed in both CD4
+
and CD8
+
T cells from MS patients when compared to healthy controls. The differentially expressed proteins were enriched for T-cell specific activation pathways, especially CTLA4 and CD28 signaling in CD4
+
T cells. When selectively analyzing proteins expressed from the genes most proximal to > 200 non-HLA MS susceptibility polymorphisms, we observed differential expression of eight proteins in T cells between MS patients and healthy controls, and there was a correlation between the genotype at three MS genetic risk loci and protein expressed from proximal genes.
Conclusion
Our study provides evidence for proteomic differences in T cells from relapsing–remitting MS patients compared to healthy controls and also identifies dysregulation of proteins encoded from MS susceptibility genes.
Journal Article
Quantitative proteomics reveals protein dysregulation during T cell activation in multiple sclerosis patients compared to healthy controls
Background
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune, neurodegenerative disorder with a strong genetic component that acts in a complex interaction with environmental factors for disease development. CD4
+
T cells are pivotal players in MS pathogenesis, where peripherally activated T cells migrate to the central nervous system leading to demyelination and axonal degeneration. Through a proteomic approach, we aim at identifying dysregulated pathways in activated T cells from MS patients as compared to healthy controls.
Methods
CD4
+
T cells were purified from peripheral blood from MS patients and healthy controls by magnetic separation. Cells were left unstimulated or stimulated in vitro through the TCR and costimulatory CD28 receptor for 24 h prior to sampling. Electrospray liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to measure protein abundances.
Results
Upon T cell activation the abundance of 1801 proteins was changed. Among these proteins, we observed an enrichment of proteins expressed by MS-susceptibility genes. When comparing protein abundances in T cell samples from healthy controls and MS patients, 18 and 33 proteins were differentially expressed in unstimulated and stimulated CD4
+
T cells, respectively. Moreover, 353 and 304 proteins were identified as proteins exclusively induced upon T cell activation in healthy controls and MS patients, respectively and dysregulation of the Nur77 pathway was observed only in samples from MS patients.
Conclusions
Our study highlights the importance of CD4
+
T cell activation for MS, as proteins that change in abundance upon T cell activation are enriched for proteins encoded by MS susceptibility genes. The results provide evidence for proteomic disturbances in T cell activation in MS, and pinpoint to dysregulation of the Nur77 pathway, a biological pathway known to limit aberrant effector T cell responses.
Journal Article
Water quality for citizen confidence: The implementation process of 2020 EU Drinking Water Directive in Nordic countries
The European Union Drinking Water Directive aims to protect human health and promote safe water consumption. The 2020 revision, particularly Article 17, directed member states to provide public access to information on drinking water. This update responded to citizen initiatives calling for the active participation of end-users in water services and greater transparency from water utilities. Difficulties in implementing previous versions of the directive highlighted divergences between policy purposes, local capacity to implement, and public response. These divergences are explored through eight case studies of Nordic countries and analysed using the policy implementation framework. We employed a mixed-method, multi-stage approach. Policy formulation was characterized through a literature review, policy design by synthesizing legislative instruments, and policy implementation via an analysis of delivery behaviour based on interviews. We identified the main drivers of the directive's update and contrasted these with the ongoing implementation process in the countries studied. Our results point to a different and highly contextual implementation, which differs from the primary drivers of the policy update, namely, the establishment of public confidence in water services.
Journal Article