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The assemblage of hymenopteran parasitoids associated with the invasive lime leaf miner, Phyllonorycter issikii (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae), developing on the small-leaved lime ( Tilia cordata ) was studied in Perm krai and in the Republic of Bashkortostan in 2019. Sixteen species of parasitoids of Ph. issikii were recognized: Diglyphus isaea , Elachertus fenestratus , Hyssopus geniculatus , Pnigalio agraules , P . mediterraneus , Sympiesis dolichogaster , S. gordius , S. sericeicornis , Chrysocharis laomedon , Ch. nephereus , Ch. pentheus , Ch .  pubens , Ch. pubicornis , Ch . submutica , Minotetrastichus frontalis (Eulophidae), and Pholetesor circumscriptus (Braconidae). Three species, Diglyphus isaea , Chrysocharis pubens, and Ch . submutica (Eulophidae), were reported as parasitoids of the lime leaf miner for the first time. The roles the complex of parasitoids played in the mortality of the miner were negligible. The mortality ranged from 1.3 ± 0.3 (Perm) to 23.7 ± 3.3% (village of Tolbazy).

The assemblage of hymenopteran parasitoids associated with the invasive lime leaf miner Phyllonorycter issikii (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae), developing on the lime Tilia cordata , was studied in Kurgan Province (Lake Medvezhye) and in the cities of Tobolsk, Omsk, and Novosibirsk during 2018–2019. Twenty-one species of parasitoids of Ph. issikii were recorded: Pteromalus sp. (Pteromalidae), Cirrospilus diallus , Elachertus sp., Hyssopus geniculatus , H. nigritulus , Pnigalio mediterraneus , Pnigalio sp., Sympiesis dolichogaster , S. gordius , S. sericeicornis , Chrysocharis laomedon , Ch. pentheus , Ch. pubicornis , Ch. viridis , Chrysocharis sp., Neochrysocharis formosus , Minotetrastichus frontalis (Eulophidae), Colastes braconius , Apanteles sp., Pholetesor circumscriptus , and Cotesia sp. (Braconidae). Chrysocharis viridis was recorded as a parasitoid of lime leaf miner for the first time. The role of parasitoids in the miner mortality was negligible, the mortality rate ranging from 1.9 ± 0.4% (Novosibirsk) to 23.7 ± 3.3% (Omsk).

This review covers the history of invasion of the lime leafminer in Europe and the European part of Russia; it observes forage plants, leafminer entomophaga, and features of its development cycle. Biocenotic mechanisms and ecological consequences of invasion are analyzed.

The study deals with phytoplankton biodiversity in mesotrophic Sartlan Lake, a large natural saline water body in the south of West Siberia. Two different approaches are used: floristic and ecological cenotic. The former is good for determining and analyzing the phytoplankton species composition. The latter gives a quantitative estimation of the phytoplankton biodiversity from the equation of information theory: , where H b is the biodiversity (bits); B i is the population biomass of the species i ; B is the entire phytoplankton community biomass (mg/l). A reliable stable negative correlation exists between the phytoplankton biomass and species diversity. Analytical equations and a diagram are given to illustrate the correlation between these values.

Technology for preparation of chymosin from milk of transgenic sheep has been elaborated. Purification of the preparation by ion-exchange chromatography on aminosilochrom and biospecific chromatography on bacitracin-Sepharose yielded homogeneous active enzyme. Hydrolysis of protein substrates (hemoglobin, BSA, and sodium caseinate) by the transgenic sheep chymosin and stability of the enzyme at various values of pH were studied. Judging by the amino acid composition, the N-terminal sequence involving six amino acid residues, molecular mass, stability at various pH values, and the catalytic activity against the protein substrates, the transgenic sheep chymosin is identical to calf chymosin.

The assemblage of hymenopteran parasitoids associated with the invasive lime leaf miner Phyllonorycter issikii (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae), developing on the lime Tilia cordata, was studied in Kurgan Province (Lake Medvezhye) and in the cities of Tobolsk, Omsk, and Novosibirsk during 2018-2019. Twenty-one species of parasitoids of Ph. issikii were recorded: Pteromalus sp. (Pteromalidae), Cirrospilus diallus, Elachertus sp., Hyssopus geniculatus, H. nigritulus, Pnigalio mediterraneus, Pnigalio sp., Sympiesis dolichogaster, S. gordius, S. sericeicornis, Chrysocharis laomedon, Ch. pentheus, Ch. pubicornis, Ch. viridis, Chrysocharis sp., Neochrysocharis formosus, Minotetrastichus frontalis (Eulophidae), Colastes braconius, Apanteles sp., Pholetesor circumscriptus, and Cotesia sp. (Braconidae). Chrysocharis viridis was recorded as a parasitoid of lime leaf miner for the first time. The role of parasitoids in the miner mortality was negligible, the mortality rate ranging from 1.9 ± 0.4% (Novosibirsk) to 23.7 ± 3.3% (Omsk).

A transient population outbreak of the Siberian larch casebearer, Coleophora sibiricella Flkv. (Lepidoptera, Coleophoridae), in a protective forest strip and its consequences for the host tree species (Larix sibirica Ledeb.) have been studied for the first time. It has been shown that one-time complete defoliation by this pest and the following infestation by xylophagous insects result in tree death, while the productivity of surviving trees decreases significantly. The results of this study indicate that the Siberian larch casebearer is a major phyllophagous pest of larch and that its populations must be monitored by specialists in forest pathology.[PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]

Large optical anisotropy observed in a broad spectral range is of paramount importance for efficient light manipulation in countless devices. Although a giant anisotropy has been recently observed in the mid-infrared wavelength range, for visible and near-infrared spectral intervals, the problem remains acute with the highest reported birefringence values of 0.8 in BaTiS 3 and h-BN crystals. This issue inspired an intensive search for giant optical anisotropy among natural and artificial materials. Here, we demonstrate that layered transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) provide an answer to this quest owing to their fundamental differences between intralayer strong covalent bonding and weak interlayer van der Waals interaction. To do this, we made correlative far- and near-field characterizations validated by first-principle calculations that reveal a huge birefringence of 1.5 in the infrared and 3 in the visible light for MoS 2 . Our findings demonstrate that this remarkable anisotropy allows for tackling the diffraction limit enabling an avenue for on-chip next-generation photonics. Optical anisotropy in a broad spectral range is pivotal to efficient light manipulation. Here, the authors measure a birefringence of 1.5 in the infrared range and 3 in the visible light for MoS 2 .