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"Erskine, Kathryn"
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The absolute value of Mike
Fourteen-year-old Mike, whose father is a brilliant mathematician but who has no math aptitude himself, spends the summer in rural Pennsylvania with his elderly and eccentric relatives Moo and Poppy, helping the townspeople raise money to adopt a Romanian orphan.
Book
\finding a 'place' through dwelling in travel\: intersections between mobility, place and identity in lifestyle travel
The world is increasingly mobile (Adey 2006). Flows of good, services and cultures are changing the relations between people and place, leading scholars to questions existing notions of home, travel, and belonging. This thesis explores these issues by focusing on one group who epitomise the twenty-first century world of mobility: lifestyle travellers. The thesis considers the experiences of lifestyle travellers across numerous world-wide locations, drawing on primary data collected over two years. It adopts an explicitly geographical approach to studying lifestyle travel, focusing attention on the significance of place and movement for these highly mobile beings, in order to examine what this mobility means for ideas of identity and home. Complementing research in the tourism field, the research highlights how lifestyle travel is a heterogeneous and difficult to classify activity, involving a myriad of different ideas, practices, behaviours and motivations. However, by adopting Cresswell’s ‘constellations of mobility’ (2010) as an organising rather than classifying device, the thesis is able to unpack this diversity and illuminate the embroilment of ‘mobilities’ and ‘moorings’ in the practices of lifestyle travellers. It goes on to demonstrate how place immersion is crucial to lifestyle travel, illustrating how practices of mobility extend past corporeal movement between places, exploring the unique and diverse practices within places. This pursuit of integration within places by lifestyle travellers shows how place and mobility can be complementary rather than exclusionary, with different immersion techniques outlined to demonstrate the different depths of place experience desired by participants (ranging from ‘spectating’ at the peripheries to becoming ‘community members’ within places). From these findings, the research emphasises how place itself is mobile, as well as lifestyle travellers. By illustrating the relational ways in which lifestyle travellers continually take and make place, the thesis uncovers new ways of conceptualising ‘home’ that are formed through the co-constituent relationship between place and mobility. The thesis therefore demonstrates these factors to be significant and mutually enabling components to the identities of lifestyle travellers in the twenty first century.
Dissertation
Mockingbird : Mok'ing-bمurd
Ten-year-old Caitlin, who has Asperger's Syndrome, struggles to understand emotions, show empathy, and make friends at school, while at home she seeks closure by working on a project with her father.
Book
Cobalt hyperaccumulation in Rinorea cf. bengalensis (Violaceae) from Sabah: accumulation potential and tissue and cellular-level distribution of cobalt
Aims
Knowledge on the ecophysiology of cobalt hyperaccumulator species is limited. The nickel hyperaccumulator
Rinorea
cf.
bengalensis
from Borneo can accumulate high concentrations of cobalt in nature. This study investigates the cobalt accumulation potential of
Rinorea
cf.
bengalensis
in relation to nickel concentrations in soils and the subsequent tissue and cellular-level distributions of cobalt, nickel and major cations.
Methods
Seedlings of
Rinorea
cf.
bengalensis
were grown in mixed treatments on ultramafic soil containing a high concentration of available nickel. Cobalt and nickel salts were then added to the soil to study their interactions. The tissue and cellular-level distributions of cobalt, calcium, nickel, and potassium were investigated using synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence microscopy.
Results
The maximum foliar cobalt concentration reached 1200 μg g
−1
. Accumulation of cobalt competed with nickel accumulation although nickel seems to stimulate cobalt phloem translocation. Plants suffered toxicity in the treatment with the highest soil cobalt concentration. Cobalt and nickel have contrasting distribution patterns in the leaves of
Rinorea
cf.
bengalensis
, with cobalt mainly excreted on the surface of the leaves, whereas nickel is localised in foliar epidermal cells.
Conclusions
Rinorea
cf.
bengalensis
can accumulate high concentrations of cobalt, but is intrinsically more tolerant to nickel. It does not rely on a similar sequestration mechanism for both metals, which could explain the lesser tolerance for cobalt. Nickel appears to be essential for the plant to tolerate high cobalt concentrations. Further studies intending to develop agronomic practices are needed to determine the viability of
Rinorea
cf.
bengalensis
for nickel-cobalt agromining.
Journal Article
No association between ACTN3 R577X and ACE I/D polymorphisms and endurance running times in 698 Caucasian athletes
Background
Studies investigating associations between
ACTN3
R577X and
ACE
I/D genotypes and endurance athletic status have been limited by small sample sizes from mixed sport disciplines and lack quantitative measures of performance. Aim: To examine the association between
ACTN3
R577X and
ACE
I/D genotypes and best personal running times in a large homogeneous cohort of endurance runners.
Methods
We collected a total of 1064 personal best 1500, 3000, 5000 m and marathon running times of 698 male and female Caucasian endurance athletes from six countries (Australia, Greece, Italy, Poland, Russia and UK). Athletes were genotyped for
ACTN3
R577X and
ACE
ID variants.
Results
There was no association between
ACTN3
R577X or
ACE
I/D genotype and running performance at any distance in men or women. Mean (SD) marathon times (in s) were for men:
ACTN3
RR 9149 (593), RX 9221 (582), XX 9129 (582)
p
= 0.94;
ACE
DD 9182 (665), ID 9214 (549), II 9155 (492)
p
= 0.85; for women:
ACTN3
RR 10796 (818), RX 10667 (695), XX 10675 (553)
p
= 0.36;
ACE
DD 10604 (561), ID 10766 (740), II 10771 (708)
p
= 0.21. Furthermore, there were no associations between these variants and running time for any distance in a sub-analysis of athletes with personal records within 20% of world records.
Conclusions
Thus, consistent with most case-control studies, this multi-cohort quantitative analysis demonstrates it is unlikely that
ACTN3
XX genotype provides an advantage in competitive endurance running performance. For
ACE
II genotype, some prior studies show an association but others do not. Our data indicate it is also unlikely that
ACE
II genotype provides an advantage in endurance running.
Journal Article
Soil chemistry, elemental profiles and elemental distribution in nickel hyperaccumulator species from New Caledonia
Aims
This study aimed to establish elemental profiles and to spatially resolve the elemental distribution in five New Caledonian woody Ni hyperaccumulator plant species (
Geissois pruinosa
var
. pruinosa
,
Homalium francii
,
Hybanthus austrocaledonicus
,
Psychotria gabriellae
, and
Pycnandra acuminata
) originating from the Cunoniaceae, Salicaceae, Violaceae, Rubiaceae, and Sapotaceae families respectively.
Methods
Using synchrotron-based micro-X-ray Fluorescence (μXRF) imaging of different plant tissues, from the roots to the shoots and reproductive organs, this study aimed to clarify how distribution patterns of nickel, and other physiologically relevant elements, differ between these species.
Results
The results show that the tissue-level and cellular-level distribution of nickel in
P. gabriellae, H. austrocaledonicus, G. pruinosa
var
. pruinosa,
and
H. francii
conform with the majority of studied Ni hyperaccumulator plant species globally, including (temperate) herbaceous species, with localization mainly in epidermal cells and phloem bundles. However,
P. acuminata
has nickel-rich laticifers, which constitute an independent network of cells that is parallel to the vascular bundles and are the main sink for nickel.
Conclusions
Synchrotron-based micro-X-ray Fluorescence (μXRF) is a powerful method for investigating how metal hyperaccumulation influences acquisition and spatial distribution of a wide range of elements. This non-invasive method enables investigation into the in vivo distribution of multiple elements and the structure and organisation of cells (e.g. laticifers).
Journal Article
Contrasting nickel and manganese accumulation and localization in New Caledonian Cunoniaceae
Purpose The Cunoniaceae are a major component of the New Caledonian flora with 91 endemic species that are highly unusual in that multiple metals are hyperaccumulated in different species. This makes it an ideal model system for studying the nature of the hyperaccumulation phenomenon. Methods X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) scanning of all herbarium collections of the Cunoniaceae was undertaken at the Herbarium of New Caledonia to reveal incidences of nickel (Ni) and manganese (Mn) accumulation. Following on, the Mn hyperaccumulating P. reticulata and the Ni hyperaccumulating P. xaragurensis were selected for detailed follow-up investigations using synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence microscopy (XFM). Results The systematic XRF screening of herbarium specimens showed that numerous species have high foliar Mn and Ni with species either accumulating Ni or Mn, but not both elements simultaneously. Soil ‘extractable’ Mn and Ni concentrations associated with Pancheria reticulata and P. xaragurensis greatly varies between the species. The XFM data shows that P. reticulata has a distinctive distribution pattern with Mn concentrated in large hypodermal cells. This contrasts with P. xaragurensis where Ni was mainly localized in and around the epidermis, and hypodermal cells were not observed. Conclusions Manganese and Ni accumulation are differently localized in Pancheria species growing on ultramafic soils, which is not explained by contrasting soils conditions, but represents different ecophysiological adaptations.
Journal Article
Muscarinic and nicotinic receptors synergistically modulate working memory and attention in humans
Functional abnormalities in muscarinic and nicotinic receptors are associated with a number of disorders including Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia. While the contribution of muscarinic receptors in modulating cognition is well established in humans, the effects of nicotinic receptors and the interactions and possible synergistic effects between muscarinic and nicotinic receptors have not been well characterized in humans. The current study examined the effects of selective and simultaneous muscarinic and nicotinic receptor antagonism on a range of cognitive processes. The study was a double-blind, placebo-controlled, repeated measures design in which 12 healthy, young volunteers completed cognitive testing under four acute treatment conditions: placebo (P); mecamylamine (15 mg) (M); scopolamine (0.4 mg i.m.) (S); mecamylamine (15 mg)/scopolamine (0.4 mg i.m.) (MS). Muscarinic receptor antagonism with scopolamine resulted in deficits in working memory, declarative memory, sustained visual attention and psychomotor speed. Nicotinic antagonism with mecamylamine had no effect on any of the cognitive processes examined. Simultaneous antagonism of both muscarinic and nicotinic receptors with mecamylamine and scopolamine impaired all cognitive processes impaired by scopolamine and produced greater deficits than either muscarinic or nicotinic blockade alone, particularly on working memory, visual attention and psychomotor speed. These findings suggest that muscarinic and nicotinic receptors may interact functionally to have synergistic effects particularly on working memory and attention and suggests that therapeutic strategies targeting both receptor systems may be useful in improving selective cognitive processes in a number of disorders.
Journal Article
Cobalt hyperaccumulation in Rinorea cf. bengalensis
Knowledge on the ecophysiology of cobalt hyperaccumulator species is limited. The nickel hyperaccumulator Rinorea cf. bengalensis from Borneo can accumulate high concentrations of cobalt in nature. This study investigates the cobalt accumulation potential of Rinorea cf. bengalensis in relation to nickel concentrations in soils and the subsequent tissue and cellular-level distributions of cobalt, nickel and major cations. Seedlings of Rinorea cf. bengalensis were grown in mixed treatments on ultramafic soil containing a high concentration of available nickel. Cobalt and nickel salts were then added to the soil to study their interactions. The tissue and cellular-level distributions of cobalt, calcium, nickel, and potassium were investigated using synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence microscopy. The maximum foliar cobalt concentration reached 1200 [mu]g g.sup.-1. Accumulation of cobalt competed with nickel accumulation although nickel seems to stimulate cobalt phloem translocation. Plants suffered toxicity in the treatment with the highest soil cobalt concentration. Cobalt and nickel have contrasting distribution patterns in the leaves of Rinorea cf. bengalensis, with cobalt mainly excreted on the surface of the leaves, whereas nickel is localised in foliar epidermal cells. Rinorea cf. bengalensis can accumulate high concentrations of cobalt, but is intrinsically more tolerant to nickel. It does not rely on a similar sequestration mechanism for both metals, which could explain the lesser tolerance for cobalt. Nickel appears to be essential for the plant to tolerate high cobalt concentrations. Further studies intending to develop agronomic practices are needed to determine the viability of Rinorea cf. bengalensis for nickel-cobalt agromining.
Journal Article
Belonging and Isolation in the Hellenistic World
With a range of social, artistic, economic, political, and literary perspectives, the contributors provide a lively exploration of the tensions and opportunities of life in the Hellenistic Mediterranean.
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