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Renewable energy policies emphasize both the utilization of renewable energy sources and the improvement of energy efficiency. Over the past decade, built-in photovoltaic (BIPV) technologies have mostly focused on using photovoltaic ideas and have been shown to aid buildings that partially meet their load as sustainable solar energy generating technologies. It is challenging to install conventional photovoltaic systems on curved facades. In this research, elastic solar panels assisted by flexible photovoltaic systems (FPVs) were developed, fabricated, and analyzed on a 1 m2 scale. A flexible structure on a flat, hemispherical, and cylindrical substrate was studied in real terms. Using the LabVIEW application, warm and dry climate data has been recognized and transmitted online. The results showed that when installed on the silo and biogas interfaces, the fill factor was 88% and 84%, respectively. Annual energy production on the flat surface was 810 kWh, on the cylindrical surface was 960 kWh, and on the hemisphere surface was 1000 kWh, respectively. The economic results indicate that the net present value (NPV) at a flat surface is USD 697.52, with an internal rate of return (IRR) of 34.81% and a capital return term of 8.58 years. Cylindrical surfaces and hemispheres each see an increase of USD 955.18. The investment yield returned 39.29% and 40.47% for cylindrical and hemispheres structures. A 20% increase in fixed investment in the flat system increased IRR by 21.3%, while this increase was 25.59% in the cylindrical system and 24.58% in the hemisphere. Research innovation is filling the gap on the use of flexible solar panels on curved and unconventional surfaces.

Renewable energy regulations place a premium on both the use of renewable energy sources and energy efficiency improvements. One of the growing milestones in building construction is the invention of green cottages. Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) technologies have been proved to aid buildings that partially meet their energy demand as sustainable solar energy generating technologies throughout the previous decade. Curved facades provide a challenge for typical photovoltaics. This study designed, produced, and assessed elastic solar panels supported by flexible photovoltaic systems (FPVS) on a 1 m2 layer. The LabVIEW program recognizes and transmits online data on warm and dry climates. The fill factor was 88% and 84%, respectively, when installed on the silo and biogas surfaces. The annual energy output was 810 kWh on a flat surface, 960 kWh on a cylindrical surface, and 1000 kWh on a hemisphere surface. Economic analysis indicates that the NPV at Flat surface is$ 697.52, with an IRR of 34.81% and an 8.5-year capital return period. Cylindrical surfaces and hemispheres both get a $955.18 increase. For cylindrical and hemispheric buildings, the investment yield was 39.29% and 40.47%, respectively. A 20% increase in fixed investment boosted the IRR by 21.3% in the flat system. While the cylindrical system had a 25.59% raise, the hemisphere saw a 24.58% gain

In the address layer of energy systems, the infiltration of phase-change material (PCM) into composite metals can be used. In this study, infiltration technology was developed with simultaneous pressure and vacuum in graphite foam. The vacuum pump was used to create porosity during the melting and infiltration process in the composition of PCM pellets. Easy construction, stainless steel, and PCM's corrosion-resistant function deliver a Cost-efficient and simple process development. The goal of this analysis is to examine the properties of PCM using a mixture of materials such as salts and chloride salts with graphite foam. High energy storage density Chloride-based PCM was used at 355 °C. The energy-dispersive spectroscopy and Scanning electron microscopy analysis were used to assess the successful existence of the phase of infiltration to test the PCM composite and material compounds. A laser thermal flash conductivity meter was used to evaluate the infiltrated sample thermal conductivity. An infiltration performance of more than 92% of the porosity usable has been reached. The sample thermal conductivity is proven to be more robust Factor more than 45 times pure chloride PCM. Low-cost infiltration demonstrated effectiveness and Infiltrated PCM repeatability may be a milestone for the third generation of supercritical carbon dioxide energy cycle applications in concentrating solar power plants.

Purpose This study aims to numerically investigate the flow features and mixing/combustion efficiencies in a turbulent reacting jet in cross-flow by a hybrid Eulerian-Lagrangian methodology. Design/methodology/approach A high-order hybrid solver is employed where, the velocity field is obtained by solving the Eulerian filtered compressible transport equations while the species are simulated by using the filtered mass density function (FMDF) method. Findings The main features of a reacting JICF flame are reproduced by the large-eddy simulation (LES)/FMDF method. The computed mean and root-mean-square values of velocity and mean temperature field are in good agreement with experimental data. Reacting JICF’s with different momentum ratios are considered. The jet penetrates deeper for higher momentum ratios. Mixing and combustion efficiency are improved by increasing the momentum ratio. Originality/value The authors investigate the flow and combustion characteristics in subsonic reacting JICFs for which very limited studies are reported in the literature.

Purpose This study aims to explore an active control strategy for attenuation of in-line and transverse flow-induced vibration (FIV) of two tandem-arranged circular cylinders. Design/methodology/approach The control system is based on the rotary oscillation of cylinders around their axis, which acts according to the lift coefficient feedback signal. The fluid-solid interaction simulations are performed for two velocity ratios (V_r = 5.5 and 7.5), three spacing ratios (L/D = 3.5, 5.5 and 7.5) and three different control cases. Cases 1 and 2, respectively, deal with the effect of rotary oscillation of front and rear cylinders, while Case 3 considers the effect of applied rotary oscillation to both cylinders. Findings The results show that in Case 3, the FIV of both cylinders is perfectly reduced, while in Case 2, only the vibration of rear cylinder is mitigated and no change is observed in the vortex-induced vibration of front cylinder. In Case 1, by rotary oscillation of the front cylinder, depending on the reduced velocity and the spacing ratio values, the transverse oscillation amplitude of the rear cylinder suppresses, remains unchanged and even increases under certain conditions. Hence, at every spacing ratio and reduced velocity, an independent controller system for each cylinder is necessary to guarantee a perfect vibration reduction of front and rear cylinders. Originality/value The current manuscript seeks to deploy a type of active rotary oscillating (ARO) controller to attenuate the FIV of two tandem-arranged cylinders placed on elastic supports. Three different cases are considered so as to understand the interaction of these cylinders regarding the rotary oscillation.

Purpose This study aims to numerically explore the heat transfer characteristics in turbulent two-degree-of-freedom vortex-induced vibrations (VIVs) of three elastically mounted circular cylinders. Design/methodology/approach The cylinders are at the vertices of an isosceles triangle with a base and height that are the same. The finite volume technique is used to calculate the Reynolds-averaged governing equations, whereas the structural dynamics equations are solved using the explicit integration method. Simulations are performed for three different configurations, constant mass ratio and natural frequency, as well as distinct reduced velocity values. Findings As a numerical challenge, the super upper branch observed in the experiment is well-captured by the current numerical simulations. According to the computation findings, the vortex-shedding around the cylinders increases flow mixing and turbulence, hence enhancing heat transfer. At most reduced velocities, the Nusselt number of downstream cylinders is greater than that of upstream cylinders due to the impact of wake-induced vibration, and the maximum heat transfer improvement of these cylinders is 21% (at Ur = 16), 23% (at Ur = 5) and 20% (at Ur = 15) in the first, second and third configurations, respectively. Originality/value The main novelty of this study is inspecting the thermal behavior and turbulent flow–induced vibration of three circular cylinders in the triangular arrangement.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is assuming an increasingly pivotal role in marketing, as evidenced by its extensive implementation across a diverse array of sectors. Review studies are indispensable across all scientific disciplines, particularly within emerging fields, as they provide scholars and practitioners with insights into the current state of knowledge and prospective avenues for development. In this context, the primary objective of the present study is to examine the social and conceptual framework underpinning the application of artificial intelligence in marketing. To achieve this goal, all bibliographic data up to 2022 were retrieved and analyzed using VOSviewer software. This analysis encompasses descriptive statistics, keyword co-occurrence analysis and co-authorship analysis. The descriptive analysis identifies the most highly cited papers, authors, countries, universities, and journals within the field. The co-authorship analysis reveals the social structure, emphasizing collaboration patterns among researchers. Additionally, the keyword co-occurrence analysis provides insights into the conceptual framework of the field, particularly by highlighting recent research topics and their temporal trends. The findings indicate that AI has become an essential and important tool for businesses to identify and understand customer behavioral patterns and needs, particularly throughout the customer journey and in enhancing customer experiences. These technologies not only support businesses in optimizing their strategies but also assist customers in their decision-making processes.

Energy management, emission reductions, and sustainable development are directly linked. The use of renewable energy and intelligent control systems serves two goals: sustainable development and energy supply. In this paper, we propose an improved intelligent hybrid renewable energy management system to utilize local renewable energy. The penetration of renewable energy in this study starts from 20 and 50% and reaches 100%. The innovation of this research is the use of a dynamic decision algorithm in an intelligent system microcontroller that can determine the maximum possibility of hybridization of local solar and wind energy sources and optimize the electricity demand of the residential unit. The results show that the proposed control strategy in the first scenario, with average daily fuel consumption of 1.11 L, the total energy produced by the hybrid renewable energy conversion system is equal to 1697 kWh/year, and the NPV is $ 553.68 and the IRR is 49.9. 21% with a payback period of 15.71 years. In the second scenario, with average daily fuel consumption of 0.694 L, the energy production is equivalent to 1652 kWh/year. The NPV is equal to $ 341.47 and IRR is equal to 19.5% with a ROI of 17.61 years. In the third scenario, the energy production of the system was equal to 1933 kWh/year with NPV equal to − 372.9 dollars and IRR equal to 15.08%. The intelligent power control system received the electricity generated by the renewable energy subsystems and provides the electricity needed by the green cottage based on the proposed decision algorithm.

This study aimed to determine the effects of the interventions of Isfahan Healthy Heart Program (IHHP) on the type of oil consumed at the population level. It also tried to assess how this strategy has been effective as a health policy. The IHHP, a six-year community intervention program (2001-07), aimed at health promotion through the modification of cardiovascular disease risk factors. It was performed in Isfahan and Najafabad counties (intervention area) and Arak county (reference area), all in central Iran. This study targeted the whole population of over 2,000,000 in the intervention area. The findings of annual independent sample surveys were compared with the reference area. Dietary interventions were performed as educational, environmental, and/or legislative strategies. From 2001 to 2007, the mean of changes for hydrogenated oil consumption was -3.2 and -3.6, and for liquid oil it was 3.6 and 2.8 times per week in the intervention and reference areas, respectively (P < 0.001). According to Commerce office record, the increase in liquid oil distribution during 2000-2007 was significantly higher in Isfahan than Arak (34% vs. 25%). The effects of the simple, comprehensive, and integrated action-oriented interventions of our program could influence policy making and its results at the community level. It can be adopted by other developing countries.

Hydrochemical investigations were carried out in the Kadkan area, northeastern Iran, to assess the chemical composition of groundwater. A total of 131 groundwater samples were collected and analyzed for major cations and anions. The domination of cations and anions was in the order of Na +  > Ca 2+  > Mg 2+  > K + for cations and Cl −  > SO 4 2−  > HCO 3 −  > CO 3 2− in anions. The groundwater is under-saturated with respect to anhydrate, aragonite, calcite, dolomite, gypsum, and CO 2 . In this investigation, multivariate statistical techniques were used to identify and understand hydrochemical association and processes leading to the variability of groundwater quality. Factor analysis was applied to all groundwater samples and 11 variables. This analysis revealed that three main factors affecting the groundwater chemistry can be distinguished in this plain. Factor 1 includes the major ions in aqueous solution and accounts for 51.68 % of the total variance. Factor 2 accounts for 15.39 % of total variance and includes the parameters pH, Ca, and CO 3 in the plain, suggesting that the geology of some parts of the area is primarily limestone. Factor 3 includes the parameters Mg and HCO 3 and accounts for 11.63 % of the total variance. These parameters have a geological source. The hydrochemical processes of groundwater in the Kadkan aquifer are mainly influenced by the major ions, degree of dissolution of NaCl-bearing minerals, and geology.