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The diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) in dialysis patients may be difficult because of the increased frequency of extra-pulmonary presentations, atypical clinical manifestations, and non-specific symptoms. This study aimed to investigate the spectrum of clinical presentations and outcomes of tuberculosis (TB) in dialysis patients in a retrospective case series and data analysis over a 14-year period between 2011 and 2024, A total of 6 patients (3%) undergoing hemodialysis (HD) were diagnosed with TB from 200 being cared for in Madinat Zayed Hospital Al Dhafra, Abu Dhabi, UAE, Most had Extra-pulmonary involvement and a delayed diagnosis, all patient came from countries where TB is endemic, First line anti-tuberculous medication proved safe and effective in all cases We report these cases as an important reminder to clinicians to be aware that body fluids are may not initially provide positive results for AFB smear, culture or PCR, additionally, the tuberculin PPD skin test (TST), the classic diagnostic tool for LTBI, has several major drawbacks, including poor sensitivity (because of a high prevalence of anergy in dialysis patients). Although all patients’ microbiology were negative, the diagnostic criteria included lymphocytic exudative fluid upon aspiration, response to empirical anti-tuberculous treatment and in selected patients, tissue diagnosis was obtained. Conclusion Tuberculosis should be strongly considered in dialysis patients from endemic regions presenting with unexplained inflammatory syndromes or serosal effusions, even when microbiological tests are negative. Early empirical treatment can be both diagnostic and life-saving.

The diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) in dialysis patients may be difficult because of the increased frequency of extra-pulmonary presentations, atypical clinical manifestations, and nonspecific symptoms. This study aimed to investigate the spectrum of clinical presentations and outcomes of TB in dialysis patients in a retrospective case series and data analysis over a 14-year period between 2011 and 2024. A total of 6 (3%) patients undergoing hemodialysis were diagnosed with TB from 200 being cared for in Madinat Zayed Hospital Al Dhafra, Abu Dhabi, UAE. Most had extrapulmonary involvement and a delayed diagnosis, and all patients came from countries where TB is endemic. The first-line antituberculous medication proved safe and effective in all cases. Additionally, we report these cases as an important reminder to clinicians to be aware that body fluids may not initially provide positive results for acid-fast bacilli smear, culture or polymerase chain reaction test polymerase chain reaction, additionally, the tuberculin PPD skin test (TST), the classic diagnostic tool for latent TB infection, has several major drawbacks, including poor sensitivity (because of a high prevalence of energy in dialysis patients). Although all patients' microbiology were negative, the diagnostic criteria included lymphocytic exudative fluid upon aspiration, response to empirical antituberculous treatment and in selected patients, tissue diagnosis was obtained. TB should be strongly considered in dialysis patients from endemic regions presenting with unexplained inflammatory syndromes or serosal effusions, even when microbiological tests are negative. Early empirical treatment can be both diagnostic and life-saving.

Background Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) represent a range of both psychiatric and physical symptoms that impair quality of life and interfere with daily activities in females. Aims To assess the prevalence of PMS and PMDD in Egypt, Jordan and Syria, its demographic associations and the potential link to sexual harassment (SH). Methods We used an Arabic version of the premenstrual symptoms screening tool (PSST) to assess the prevalence of PMS and PMDD. Another two-part questionnaire was used to assess the harassment experience. Results 22,021 women agreed to fill the questionnaire; the majority (65%) aged 18–25 years old. PMS was more prevalent in Egyptian women 77.7% followed by women from Jordan 72.9% then Syria 66.3%. PMDD prevalence followed the same order (40%, 34.7% and 28.2%). Both conditions were significantly associated with obesity and working in medical careers ( P  = .001). 5733 women agreed to share their sexual harassment experience. Results showed a significant association between the diversity and frequency of sexual harassment and the frequency of the pre-menstrual conditions, PMS Frequency was 87.6%, 80.7% and 78% in participants who were harassed on daily basis Vs. once weekly or monthly vs. few times in their lifetime ( p  = .04). A similar statistically significant difference was noticed regarding having PMDD (66.4% vs. 47.6% vs. 42.5%). Conclusion The study showed high levels of both PMS and PMDD. The data provided by this study also sheds light on a potential link between SH and developing Pre-menstrual disorders.

Gurma melon pulp-based gel (GMPG) was examined as a fat replacement in mayonnaise. GMPG was used to partially replace fat in quantities of 25, 50, and 70%, abbreviated as GMPG-25, GMPG-50, and GMPG-70, respectively. Mayonnaise’s physicochemical and sensory properties were studied. The data demonstrated that all low-fat mayonnaises had much lower energy value but significantly higher water content than their full-fat equivalents and that these differences developed as GMPG replacement levels increased. A microstructure analysis revealed compact the packing structures of big droplets in the whole fat sample and a baggy structure network of aggregated tiny droplets in the GMPG-25, GMPG-50, and GMPG-70 samples. There were no significant differences in pH or water activity after one day of storage between the full-fat and low-fat mayonnaises. Mayonnaises with GMPG-50 and GMPG-70 exhibited the same hardness as full-fat, whereas mayonnaises with GMPG-25 were harder than the other samples. Increased mayonnaise whiteness (L* increase and a* and b* reduction) was seen with reductions in fat. All samples had good sensory approval, with the 50% oil mayonnaise appearing to be the most appealing. It has been demonstrated that GMPG is an effective fat replacement agent.

Direct acting antiviral agents (DAAs) have greatly improved the clearance of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. The effect of DAAs on renal function in post-liver transplant HCV-positive patients remains questionable, especially considering the possibility of drug interactions between immunosuppressants and DAAs. A retrospective observational study included 84 post-liver transplant patients with HCV infection. Patients were divided into two groups: group I received sofosbuvir plus ribavirin for 24 weeks, group II received sofosbuvir plus daclatasvir for 12 weeks. Laboratory data and eGFR were determined before, at the end, and 6 months after completion of treatment. The treatment was well tolerated with 100% sustained virologic response (SVR 12). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups regarding clinical and laboratory data before treatment. Mean eGFR significantly reduced from 87.36 mL/min to 76.16 mL/min in group I ( =0.001). However, within 6 months after treatment, mean eGFR recovered to 81.51 mL/min, which was not significant when compared to baseline eGFR ( =0.09). Mean eGFR in group II showed non-significant change. There were no significant changes in immunosuppressive drug levels and eGFR in either group of patients, who received either ciclosporin or tacrolimus before and at the end of treatment. DDAs in post-liver transplant patients with HCV infection were well tolerated and associated with stable renal function. Moreover, sofosbuvir plus daclatasvir regimen showed relatively better renal safety compared to sofosbuvir plus ribavirin.

Gurma melon pulp-based gel (GMPG) was examined as a fat replacement in mayonnaise. GMPG was used to partially replace fat in quantities of 25, 50, and 70%, abbreviated as GMPG-25, GMPG-50, and GMPG-70, respectively. Mayonnaise’s physicochemical and sensory properties were studied. The data demonstrated that all low-fat mayonnaises had much lower energy value but significantly higher water content than their full-fat equivalents and that these differences developed as GMPG replacement levels increased. A microstructure analysis revealed compact the packing structures of big droplets in the whole fat sample and a baggy structure network of aggregated tiny droplets in the GMPG-25, GMPG-50, and GMPG-70 samples. There were no significant differences in pH or water activity after one day of storage between the full-fat and low-fat mayonnaises. Mayonnaises with GMPG-50 and GMPG-70 exhibited the same hardness as full-fat, whereas mayonnaises with GMPG-25 were harder than the other samples. Increased mayonnaise whiteness (L* increase and a* and b* reduction) was seen with reductions in fat. All samples had good sensory approval, with the 50% oil mayonnaise appearing to be the most appealing. It has been demonstrated that GMPG is an effective fat replacement agent.