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Healthcare professional migration has been a major issue in the African healthcare system. This is due to push factors such as economic instability, inadequate work conditions, insufficient support, and a lack of infrastructure, which have all contributed to the increased migration rates in sub-Saharan countries. On the contrary, pull factors like optimal work conditions, better work-life balance, and financial benefits have attracted African healthcare workers to settle abroad, where this issue has been exacerbated during the post-pandemic COVID-19 era. It is crucial for governments, healthcare organizations, and stakeholders to invest in proper resources, training, and autonomy to better support the working conditions and rights of African healthcare workers. Governments, Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), healthcare organizations and stakeholders must utilize a global agenda and implement policies, partnerships, and technological solutions for a more equitable, accessible, and dependable healthcare system.

Background Historically, epidemics have been accompanied by the concurrent emergence of stigma, prejudice, and xenophobia. This scoping review aimed to describe and map published research targeting ethical values concerning monkeypox (mpox). In addition, it aimed to understand the research gaps related to mpox associated stigma. Methods We comprehensively searched databases (PubMed Central, PubMed Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, Ovid, and Google Scholar) to identify published literature concerning mpox ethical issues and stigma from May 6, 2022, to February 15, 2023. The key search terms used were “monkeypox”, “ethics”, “morals”, “social stigma”, “privacy”, “confidentiality”, “secrecy”, “privilege”, “egoism”, and “metaethics”. This scoping review followed the framework proposed by Arksey and O’Malley in 2005 and was further improved by the recommendations of Levac et al. in 2010. Results The search strategies employed in the scoping review yielded a total of 454 articles. We analyzed the sources, types, and topics of the retrieved articles/studies. The authors were able to identify 32 studies that met inclusion criteria. Six of the 32 included studies were primary research. The study revealed that the ongoing mpox outbreak is contending with a notable surge in misinformation and societal stigma. It highlights the adverse impacts of stigma and ethical concerns associated with mpox, which can negatively affect people with the disease. Conclusion The study’s findings underscore the imperative need to enhance public awareness; involve civil society; and promote collaboration among policymakers, medical communities, and social media platforms. These collective endeavors are crucial for mitigating stigma, averting human-to-human transmission, tackling racism, and dispelling misconceptions associated with the outbreak.

Introduction Surgical conditions account for nearly a third of the global disease burden yet financing for surgery in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) remains fragmented, under-prioritized, and heavily dependent on out-of-pocket (OOP) payments. Methods This narrative synthesis focuses on how surgical services are financed in LMICs and what models are emerging to build sustainable, equitable systems. Applying the World Health Organization (WHO)’s health financing framework—revenue generation, pooling, and purchasing —we synthesize quantitative and qualitative evidence from recent literature, with reference to country case studies and economic models. Findings Most LMIC surgical care is financed predominantly through OOP payments, with minimal earmarked government funds and limited donor contributions. Coverage by insurance is often inadequate and fails to provide true financial protection. Donor support for surgery remains low and uncoordinated. All these structural gaps contribute to inequities in access as well as high-frequency Catastrophic Health Expenditures (CHE). The promising strategic purchasing, performance-based financing (PBF), and National Surgical, Obstetric, and Anesthesia Plan (NSOAP) models have promise when employed with universal health coverage (UHC) goals. The models of Rwanda and Ghana serve to illustrate how pooled financing, political leadership, and national plans can drive access, financial protection, and service quality improvement. The narrative review highlights key enablers of sustainable financing: political commitment, risk pooling, earmarked taxes, public–private partnerships, and integration of surgery into broader UHC frameworks. Improved data systems for monitoring surgical costs, access, and outcomes are essential to inform investment decisions and track progress. Conclusion Surgery financing is not only a public health imperative but also an economically sound investment. We conclude with strategic recommendations for policymakers, global health actors, and donors to design financing models that prioritize equity, resilience, and long-term health system strengthening.

Despite the availability and benefits of the Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, parental acceptance remains low in the eastern mediterranean region (EMR). Therefore, this meta-analysis aimed to estimate the pooled proportion of parental uptake and willingness to vaccinate their children with the HPV vaccine and their determinants in the EMR. We searched PubMed Central, PubMed Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, ProQuest, Google Scholar, and medRxiv according to PRISMA guidelines until the 5th of April 2024. We included all papers discussing parental uptake and willingness to vaccinate their children with the HPV vaccine in EMR without time or language limitations. The study risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale quality assessment tool. We pooled data using the random effect model. Leave one sensitivity analysis, subgroup analysis, and meta-regression were used to address heterogeneity. Out of 1551 screened studies, thirty-three studies of 18,455 parents from 12 countries fully met the inclusion criteria and were eligible for meta-analysis. The pooled proportion of parental willingness for future HPV vaccination, based on 32 studies involving 17,815 parents was 61 % (95 % CI: 54–68 %, I2 = 99 %). Using meta-regression, the proportion of working parents, study quality, and geographical region explained approximately 52.46% of the observed heterogeneity. In contrast, based on 9 studies involving 5029 parents, the pooled proportion of parental uptake was 7 % (95 % CI: 5–10 %, I2 = 91 %). Using meta-regression, study quality and geographical region explained 71.42% of the observed heterogeneity. Despite the high parental willingness for HPV vaccination, the uptake of the vaccine in EMR remains critically suboptimal and far behind the goal of the World Health Organization's cervical cancer elimination strategy. Urgent interventions are needed, including adding the vaccine to the national vaccination programs (NVPs) and tailoring parents–targeted awareness campaigns to improve knowledge and address barriers to vaccine uptake.