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Environmental stressors, such as temperature, are relevant factors that could generate a negative effect on several tissues in fish. A key fish species for Chilean aquaculture diversification is the red cusk-eel (Genypterus chilensis), a native fish for which knowledge on environmental stressors effects is limited. This study evaluated the effects of high-temperature stress on the liver of red cusk-eel in control (14 °C) and high-temperature (19 °C) groups using multiple approaches: determination of plasmatic hepatic enzymes (ALT, AST, and AP), oxidative damage evaluation (AP sites, lipid peroxidation, and carbonylated proteins), and RNA-seq analysis. High-temperature stress generated a significant increase in hepatic enzyme activity in plasma. In the liver, a transcriptional regulation was observed, with 1239 down-regulated and 1339 up-regulated transcripts. Additionally, high-temperature stress generated oxidative stress in the liver, with oxidative damage and transcriptional modulation of the antioxidant response. Furthermore, an unfolded protein response was observed, with several pathways enriched, as well as a heat shock response, with several heat shock proteins up regulated, suggesting candidate biomarkers (i.e., serpinh1) for thermal stress evaluation in this species. The present study shows that high-temperature stress generated a major effect on the liver of red cusk-eel, knowledge to consider for the aquaculture and fisheries of this species.

Edible red sea urchin (Loxechinus albus) is an endemic echinoderm species of the Chilean coasts. The worldwide demand for high-quality gonads of this species has addressed the depletion of its natural populations. Studies on this sea urchin are limited, and genomic information is almost nonexistent. Hence, generate a transcriptome is crucial information that will considerably enrich molecular data and promote future findings for the L. albus aquaculture. Here, we obtained transcriptomic data of the edible red sea urchin by Illumina platform. Total RNA was extracted from gonads, intestines, and coelomocytes of juvenile urchins, and samples were sequenced using MiSeq Illumina technology. A total of 91,119,300 paired-end reads were de novo assembled, 185,239 transcripts produced, and a reference transcriptome created with 38.8% GC content and an N50 of 1769 bp. Gene ontology analysis revealed notable differences in the expression profiles between gonads, intestines, and coelomocytes, allowing the detection of transcripts associated with specific biological processes and KEGG pathways. These data were validated using 12 candidate transcripts by real-time qPCR. This dataset will provide a valuable molecular resource for L. albus and other species of sea urchins.

Unidentified abortion, of which leptospirosis, brucellosis, and ovine enzootic abortion are important factors, is the main cause of disease spread between animals and humans in all agricultural systems in most developing countries. Although there are well-defined risk factors for these diseases, these characteristics do not represent the prevalence of the disease in different regions. This study predicts the unidentified abortion burden from multi-microorganisms in ewes based on an artificial neural networks approach and the GLM. Methods: A two-stage cluster survey design was conducted to estimate the seroprevalence of abortifacient microorganisms and to identify putative factors of infectious abortion. Results: The overall seroprevalence of Brucella was 70.7%, while Leptospira spp. was 55.2%, C. abortus was 21.9%, and B. ovis was 7.4%. Serological detection with four abortion-causing microorganisms was determined only in 0.87% of sheep sampled. The best GLM is integrated via serological detection of serovar Hardjo and Brucella ovis in animals of the slopes with elevation between 2600 and 2800 meters above sea level from the municipality of Xalatlaco. Other covariates included in the GLM, such as the sheep pen built with materials of metal grids and untreated wood, dirt and concrete floors, bed of straw, and the well water supply were also remained independently associated with infectious abortion. Approximately 80% of those respondents did not wear gloves or masks to prevent the transmission of the abortifacient zoonotic microorganisms. Conclusions: Sensitizing stakeholders on good agricultural practices could improve public health surveillance. Further studies on the effect of animal–human transmission in such a setting is worthwhile to further support the One Health initiative.

The red cusk-eel (Genypterus chilensis) is a native Chilean species with a high-value market, with the potential to diversify Chilean aquaculture. The objective of this study was to develop a set of microsatellite markers, estimate genetic parameters, determine population differentiation, and identify the population structure of wild and commercial populations of G. chilensis. We discovered 6427 microsatellites markers from RNA-seq data, of which 54.9%, 20.2% and 16.8% were di-, tri-, and tetranucleotides, respectively. We used 12 of these markers to genotype two sets of broodstock, one group from commercial fish, and one group from wild fish from the Coquimbo Region of G. chilensis. We estimate the genetic parameters of the markers, selecting ten polymorphic markers (PIC > 0.5). We observed differences in the inbreeding coefficient among populations, with high values of inbreeding in one broodstock set and lower values in the other groups. The evaluation of population differentiation using Fst showed small (0.0195) to large (0.1888) genetic differentiation between the groups. The structure analysis showed that commercial and wild groups were formed by three clusters, without relevant evidence of admixture process, suggesting that groups evaluated in this study are formed of at least three subpopulations of G. chilensis, which could be explained by the low or lack of migration suggested for this species. This is the first study that identifies a high number of molecular markers in G. chilensis, providing relevant information of the genetic structure of commercial and wild population of this species.

Ostrea chilensis (a flat oyster) is native to Chile and New Zealand. In Chile, this oyster has been cultured and harvested for at least 80 years. However, the culture of flat oysters has not developed like other aquaculture activities in Chile, mainly due to the inefficiency of the collectors (made of ribbed mussel shells) and the lack of spats produced. The objective of this study was to determine the capacity of spat collectors for the settlement of O. chilensis. For this purpose, field and laboratory experiments were carried out. Our results indicated that oyster larvae do not have a preference for either side of the shell (periostracum or nacreous) to settle on. However, after one year of growth in the field, juveniles were more abundant on the nacreous side of the shell (spat collector). Also, the oysters that settled on the nacreous side of the valve were larger. This was due to the fact that the periostracum had a greater number of epibionts, and they competed for space and resources with the settled oyster spats, causing a decrease in the abundance of oyster spats on that surface. Our findings raise the possibility that collectors could improve efficiency in the production of spats. Finally, we discuss the implications of these results for the Chilean oyster-farming industry.

Environmental pollution poses an increasing threat to public health, particularly in urban areas with high levels of pollutant exposure. To address this challenge, this study proposes a model based on fine-tuning the LLaMA 3 large language model for the classification of pollution-related diseases using user-reported symptoms. A balanced dataset was employed, with examples evenly distributed across 10 common diseases, and several preprocessing techniques were applied, including tokenization, normalization, noise removal, and data augmentation. The model was fine-tuned using the QLoRA technique, which integrates quantization with low-rank adaptation, enabling both training and inference on resource-constrained hardware. During training, a consistent reduction in loss and a progressive improvement in validation accuracy were observed. Moreover, the confusion matrix demonstrated a high classification success rate with minimal misclassification across classes. The findings suggest that optimized large language models can be effectively applied in settings with limited computational infrastructure, supporting the early diagnosis of diseases associated with environmental factors.

The article starts out by introducing the social narrative as a form of discourse that is incorporated into communicative processes and grounds human relations. It then goes on to explore child labour: first as a narrative, then, as a series of scientific arguments found in indexed journals, and, finally, as a political scenario in citizenship-building processes. The protagonist of the social narrative is a family facing an extreme situation, given that its income level is below the minimum salary and child labour is necessary to satisfy their needs. These reflections on the value and the need for child labour and its regulation arise from the encounter between institutional authorities and the family. The family narrative is taken as the hermeneutic basis to delve into the scientific discourse in order to identify the concepts that define child labour as a social experience and unit of analysis. Indexed journals allow for the approach to the scientific discourse and make it possible to understand the situation of working children from different perspectives. According to this line of reasoning, childhood emerges as a group in which power creates market niches and exclusion. Participatory Action Research operates in two dimensions: as a hermeneutic tool to identify working children as a political force, and as a qualitative methodology to transform that population into the protagonist of its own change. Cross-referencing information provided by the narrative with that obtained from indexed journals leads to the identification of an extreme situation that jeopardizes the unity of the family. In the case studied, child labour puts the family face to face with other institutions, and the attempt to adopt protective measures can generate risk situations. The article offers ideas that should be taken into account when family and protection institutions come into contact due to unclear labour situations involving children. It also questions political actions regarding working children and highlights the need to broaden their capacity to participate in civil decisions, thus taking charge of their own destiny.

El congrio colorado Genypterus chilensis (Guichenot, 1848) es un pez altamente demandado por el mercado chileno. Las capturas han disminuido y mantenido bajo 1.000 ton anuales en la década 2000-2010 con un precio de US$7 [kg.sup.-1]. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el crecimiento de juveniles de primera generación producida de padres silvestres en condiciones de cultivo. Se estimó el crecimiento de 128 juveniles durante cinco meses en el hatchery del CIMARQ, Valparaíso, Chile, distribuidos en cinco grupos de talla en estanques con agua marina (35 g [L.sup.-1]) y rango de temperatura de 12-14[grados]C. Los pesos promedios iniciales varíaron desde el grupo menor de 4 g (11 cm) al mayor de 23 g (18 cm). Estos fueron alimentados con pellet comercial para peces marinos. Se midió mensualmente la longitud total (cm), peso (g) y se estimó sus promedios, porcentaje de crecimiento en peso, tasa de crecimiento específico, coeficiente de crecimiento termal y factor de conversión. A los cinco meses el grupo menor alcanzó un peso promedio de 16 [+ ó -] 7 g (16 [+ ó -] 2 cm) y el mayor 75 [+ ó -] 17 g (27 [+ ó -] 6 cm). Los pesos promedios mensuales se ajustaron con [R.sup.2] = 0,9 a las ecuaciones P = [3,845e.sup.0,300t] y P = [20,63e.sup.0,240t]. Los factores de conversión fluctuaron entre 8,6 y 0,3 al mes 5 para el grupo menor y de 0,6 a 0,2 para el mayor. Si se proyecta el crecimiento desde el peso inicial de 4 y 23 g hasta el peso de cosecha de 2 kg, éste se obtendría entre 26 y 18 meses para los grupos menor y mayor respectivamente.

El artículo inicia con la presentación del relato social como forma de discurso, que se inserta en los procesos comunicativos y fundamenta las relaciones humanas. Luego explora el trabajo infantil: primero como relato, más adelante como conjunto de argumentos científicos emergentes de las revistas indexadas y, finalmente, como escenario político en los procesos de construcción ciudadana. Como protagonista del relato social aparece una familia en situación límite, cuyo nivel de ingreso está por debajo del salario crítico y necesita del trabajo infantil para satisfacer sus necesidades. Del encuentro entre autoridades institucionales y esta familia surgen reflexiones sobre el valor y la necesidad del trabajo infantil y su regulación. El relato familiar se toma como base hermenéutica para adentrarse en el discurso científico e identificar los conceptos que definen el trabajo infantil, asumido como experiencia social y unidad de análisis. El acercamiento al discurso científico se realiza a través de revistas indexadas, que permiten comprender la situación de los niños trabajadores desde diversas perspectivas. En esta línea de argumentación, la infancia se configura como grupo en el que los poderes crean nichos de mercado y exclusión. La Investigación Acción Participativa (iap) se sitúa en una doble dimensión, como herramienta hermenéutica que identifica a la infancia trabajadora como fuerza política, y como metodología cualitativa, para convertir a esta población en protagonista de su propio cambio. Al cruzar la información del relato con la de las revistas indexadas, se identifica una situación límite en la que se pone en peligro la integración de la familia. En el caso estudiado, el trabajo infantil confronta a la familia con otras instituciones y en un intento por tomar medidas de protección puede generar situaciones de riesgo. El artículo presenta ideas a tener en cuenta cuando familia e instituciones de protección entren en contacto, con motivo de situaciones laborales poco claras en las que se vea involucrada la infancia; así mismo, cuestiona las acciones políticas con respecto a la infancia trabajadora y enfatiza la necesidad de ampliar su capacidad de participación en las decisiones civiles, para que se apropie de su destino.

Genypterus chilensis is a marine fish of high gastronomic demand, whose capture has declined in recent years due to overfishing. In the development of the farming technology, high mortalities were obtained during egg incubation. The objective of this study is to contribute to the knowledge of fecundity and eggs viability of G. chilensis in captivity. The spawns of G. chilensis were analyzed over a period of 2 years and 3 months. The total fecundity was estimated by counting the masses and eggs produced monthly throughout the period. The results confirm that G. chilensis is a partial spawner, since a female may more than two masses of eggs per day, due to a large amount of mass spawned per season (621 average). The total production of masses of the Farming Centre during the period was 2,290; of these, only 7% (166) corresponding to 15,330,517 eggs were incubated. Because of its high fecundity, G. chilensis produces numerous masses of eggs, of which only a small percentage reaches incubation, as well as it occurs in other marine fish.