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Substantial carbon drawdown potential from enhanced rock weathering in the United Kingdom
Achieving national targets for net-zero carbon emissions will require atmospheric carbon dioxide removal strategies compatible with rising agricultural production. One possible method for delivering on these goals is enhanced rock weathering, which involves modifying soils with crushed silicate rocks, such as basalt. Here we use dynamic carbon budget modelling to assess the carbon dioxide removal potential and agricultural benefits of implementing enhanced rock weathering strategies across UK arable croplands. We find that enhanced rock weathering could deliver net carbon dioxide removal of 6–30 MtCO
2
yr
−
1
for the United Kingdom by 2050, representing up to 45% of the atmospheric carbon removal required nationally to meet net-zero emissions. This suggests that enhanced rock weathering could play a crucial role in national climate mitigation strategies if it were to gain acceptance across national political, local community and farm scales. We show that it is feasible to eliminate the energy-demanding requirement for milling rocks to fine particle sizes. Co-benefits of enhanced rock weathering include substantial mitigation of nitrous oxide, the third most important greenhouse gas, widespread reversal of soil acidification and considerable cost savings from reduced fertilizer usage. Our analyses provide a guide for other nations to pursue their carbon dioxide removal ambitions and decarbonize agriculture—a key source of greenhouse gases.
Enhancing rock weathering across UK croplands could deliver substantial atmospheric carbon dioxide removal alongside agricultural co-benefits, according to coupled climate–carbon–nitrogen cycle model simulations.
Journal Article
Motioninsights: real-time object tracking in streaming video
MotionInsights facilitates object detection and tracking from multiple video streams in real-time. Leveraging the distributed stream processing capabilities of Apache Flink and Apache Kafka (as an intermediate message broker), the system models video processing as a data flow stream processing pipeline. Each video frame is split into smaller blocks, which are dispatched to be processed in parallel by a number of Flink operators. In the first stage, each block undergoes background subtraction and component labeling. The connected components from each frame are grouped, and the eligible components are merged into objects. In the last stage of the pipeline, all objects from each frame are concentrated to produce the trajectory of each object. The Flink application is deployed as a Kubernetes cluster in the Google Cloud Platform. Experimenting in a Flink cluster with 7 machines, revealed that MotionInsights achieves up to 6 times speedup compared to a monolithic (nonparallel) implementation while providing accurate trajectory patterns. The highest (i.e., more than 6 times) speed-up was observed with video streams of the highest resolution. Compared to existing systems that use custom or proprietary architectures, MotionInsights is independent of the underlying hardware platform and can be deployed on common CPU architectures and the cloud.
Journal Article
ميديا : مسرحية
مسرحية ميديا للكاتب الكبير يوربيديس لم يكن يوربيديس أول شاعر يعالج أسطورة ميديا، وما توقفت بعده شخصية ميديا عن مداعبة خيال الشعراء والفنانين والفلاسفة، حتى إن البعض ربط بينها وبين تاريخ بلاد الإغريق التى تقع جغرافياً وحضارياً بين الشرق والغرب.
Book
Video2Flink: real-time video partitioning in Apache Flink and the cloud
Video2Flink is a distributed highly scalable video processing system for bounded (i.e., stored) or unbounded (i.e., continuous) and real-time video streams with the same efficiency. It shows how complicated video processing tasks can be expressed and executed as pipelined data flows on Apache Flink, an open-source stream processing platform. Video2Flink uses Apache Kafka to facilitate the machine-to-machine (m2m) communication between the video production and the video processing system that runs on Apache Flink. Features that make the combination of Apache Kafka and Apache Flink a desirable solution to the problem of video processing are the ease of customization, portability, scalability, and fault tolerance. The application is deployed on a Flink cluster of worker machines that run on Kubernetes in the Google Cloud Platform. The experimental results support our claims of speed showing excellent speed-up results for all tested video resolutions. The highest (i.e., more than seven times) speed-up was observed with the videos of the highest resolutions and in real time.
Journal Article
Potential for large-scale CO2 removal via enhanced rock weathering with croplands
Enhanced silicate rock weathering (ERW), deployable with croplands, has potential use for atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO
2
) removal (CDR), which is now necessary to mitigate anthropogenic climate change
1
. ERW also has possible co-benefits for improved food and soil security, and reduced ocean acidification
2
–
4
. Here we use an integrated performance modelling approach to make an initial techno-economic assessment for 2050, quantifying how CDR potential and costs vary among nations in relation to business-as-usual energy policies and policies consistent with limiting future warming to 2 degrees Celsius
5
. China, India, the USA and Brazil have great potential to help achieve average global CDR goals of 0.5 to 2 gigatonnes of carbon dioxide (CO
2
) per year with extraction costs of approximately US$80–180 per tonne of CO
2
. These goals and costs are robust, regardless of future energy policies. Deployment within existing croplands offers opportunities to align agriculture and climate policy. However, success will depend upon overcoming political and social inertia to develop regulatory and incentive frameworks. We discuss the challenges and opportunities of ERW deployment, including the potential for excess industrial silicate materials (basalt mine overburden, concrete, and iron and steel slag) to obviate the need for new mining, as well as uncertainties in soil weathering rates and land–ocean transfer of weathered products.
A detailed assessment of the techno-economic potential of enhanced rock weathering on croplands identifies national CO
2
removal potentials, costs and engineering challenges if it were to be scaled up to help meet ambitious global CO
2
removal targets.
Journal Article
The Urban Exposome during Pregnancy and Its Socioeconomic Determinants
The urban exposome is the set of environmental factors that are experienced in the outdoor urban environment and that may influence child development.
The authors' goal was to describe the urban exposome among European pregnant women and understand its socioeconomic determinants.
Using geographic information systems, remote sensing and spatio-temporal modeling we estimated exposure during pregnancy to 28 environmental indicators in almost 30,000 women from six population-based birth cohorts, in nine urban areas from across Europe. Exposures included meteorological factors, air pollutants, traffic noise, traffic indicators, natural space, the built environment, public transport, facilities, and walkability. Socioeconomic position (SEP), assessed at both the area and individual level, was related to the exposome through an exposome-wide association study and principal component (PC) analysis.
Mean±standard deviation (SD) NO
levels ranged from 13.6±5.1 μg/m
(in Heraklion, Crete) to 43.2±11 μg/m
(in Sabadell, Spain), mean±SD walkability score ranged from 0.22±0.04 (Kaunas, Lithuania) to 0.32±0.07 (Valencia, Spain) and mean±SD Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ranged from 0.21±0.05 in Heraklion to 0.51±0.1 in Oslo, Norway. Four PCs explained more than half of variation in the urban exposome. There was considerable heterogeneity in social patterning of the urban exposome across cities. For example, high-SEP (based on family education) women lived in greener, less noisy, and less polluted areas in Bradford, UK (0.39 higher PC1 score, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.31, 0.47), but the reverse was observed in Oslo (-0.57 PC1 score, 95% CI: -0.73, -0.41). For most cities, effects were stronger when SEP was assessed at the area level: In Bradford, women living in high SEP areas had a 1.34 higher average PC1 score (95% CI: 1.21, 1.48).
The urban exposome showed considerable variability across Europe. Pregnant women of low SEP were exposed to higher levels of environmental hazards in some cities, but not others, which may contribute to inequities in child health and development. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP2862.
Journal Article