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"Evans, Paul"
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The road to grace
Now nearly halfway through his trek, Alan Christoffersen walks from South Dakota to Memphis, Tennessee. He covers more than 800 miles on foot, but it's the people he meets along the way who give the journey its true meaning.
Book
Endothelial responses to shear stress in atherosclerosis: a novel role for developmental genes
Flowing blood generates a frictional force called shear stress that has major effects on vascular function. Branches and bends of arteries are exposed to complex blood flow patterns that exert low or low oscillatory shear stress, a mechanical environment that promotes vascular dysfunction and atherosclerosis. Conversely, physiologically high shear stress is protective. Endothelial cells are critical sensors of shear stress but the mechanisms by which they decode complex shear stress environments to regulate physiological and pathophysiological responses remain incompletely understood. Several laboratories have advanced this field by integrating specialized shear-stress models with systems biology approaches, including transcriptome, methylome and proteome profiling and functional screening platforms, for unbiased identification of novel mechanosensitive signalling pathways in arteries. In this Review, we describe these studies, which reveal that shear stress regulates diverse processes and demonstrate that multiple pathways classically known to be involved in embryonic development, such as BMP–TGFβ, WNT, Notch, HIF1α, TWIST1 and HOX family genes, are regulated by shear stress in arteries in adults. We propose that mechanical activation of these pathways evolved to orchestrate vascular development but also drives atherosclerosis in low shear stress regions of adult arteries.
Journal Article
Michael Vey : the prisoner of cell 25
To everyone at Meridian High School, fourteen-year-old Michael Vey is nothing special, just the kid who has Tourette's syndrome. But in truth, Michael is extremely special--he has electric powers. Michael thinks he is unique until he discovers that a cheerleader named Taylor has the same mysterious powers. With the help of Michael's friend, Ostin, the three of them set out to discover how Michael and Taylor ended up with their abilities, and their investigation soon brings them to the attention of a powerful group who wants to control the electric teens--and through them, the world.
Book
Methane metabolism in the archaeal phylum Bathyarchaeota revealed by genome-centric metagenomics
Methanogenic and methanotrophic archaea play important roles in the global flux of methane. Culture-independent approaches are providing deeper insight into the diversity and evolution of methane-metabolizing microorganisms, but, until now, no compelling evidence has existed for methane metabolism in archaea outside the phylum Euryarchaeota. We performed metagenomic sequencing of a deep aquifer, recovering two near-complete genomes belonging to the archaeal phylum Bathyarchaeota (formerly known as the Miscellaneous Crenarchaeotal Group). These genomes contain divergent homologs of the genes necessary for methane metabolism, including those that encode the methyl–coenzyme M reductase (MCR) complex. Additional non-euryarchaeotal MCR-encoding genes identified in a range of environments suggest that unrecognized archaeal lineages may also contribute to global methane cycling. These findings indicate that methane metabolism arose before the last common ancestor of the Euryarchaeota and Bathyarchaeota.
Journal Article
Michael Vey : the prisoner of cell 25
To everyone at Meridian High School, fourteen-year-old Michael Vey is nothing special, just the kid who has Tourette's syndrome. But in truth, Michael is extremely special--he has electric powers. Michael thinks he is unique until he discovers that a cheerleader named Taylor has the same mysterious powers. With the help of Michael's friend, Ostin, the three of them set out to discover how Michael and Taylor ended up with their abilities, and their investigation soon brings them to the attention of a powerful group who wants to control the electric teens--and through them, the world.
Efficient room-temperature synthesis of a highly strained carbon nanohoop fragment of buckminsterfullerene
Warped carbon-rich molecules have captured the imagination of scientists across many disciplines. Owing to their promising materials properties and challenging synthesis, strained hydrocarbons are attractive targets that push the limits of synthetic methods and molecular design. Herein we report the synthesis and characterization of [5]cycloparaphenylene (
[5]CPP
), a carbon nanohoop that can be envisaged as an open tubular fragment of C
60
, the equator of C
70
fullerene and the unit cycle of a [5,5] armchair carbon nanotube. Given its calculated 119 kcal mol
−1
strain energy and severely distorted benzene rings, this synthesis, which employs a room-temperature macrocyclization of a diboronate precursor, single-electron reduction and elimination, is remarkably mild and high yielding (27% over three steps). Single-crystal X-ray diffraction data were obtained to confirm its geometry and previously disputed benzenoid character. First and second pseudoreversible oxidation and reduction events were observed via cyclic voltammetry. The ease of synthesis, high solubility and narrowest optical HOMO/LUMO gap of any
para
-polyphenylene synthesized make
[5]CPP
a desirable new material for organic electronics.
Strained hydrocarbons are more than molecular curiosities — they often have promising materials properties, and even just making them offers challenges that push the limits of synthetic methods. Now, a short, efficient and room-temperature synthesis of [5]cycloparaphenylene, a carbon nanohoop with 119 kcal per mol of strain energy, is reported.
Journal Article
Rise of the Elgen
Fifteen-year-old Michael Vey, born with Tourette's syndrome and special electromagnetic powers, joins his techno-genius best friend and an alliance of other \"electric\" teenagers to battle powerful foes in the jungles of Peru, where Michael learns the Order of Elgen's plan to \"restructure\" the world.
Book
Recovery of nearly 8,000 metagenome-assembled genomes substantially expands the tree of life
Challenges in cultivating microorganisms have limited the phylogenetic diversity of currently available microbial genomes. This is being addressed by advances in sequencing throughput and computational techniques that allow for the cultivation-independent recovery of genomes from metagenomes. Here, we report the reconstruction of 7,903 bacterial and archaeal genomes from >1,500 public metagenomes. All genomes are estimated to be ≥50% complete and nearly half are ≥90% complete with ≤5% contamination. These genomes increase the phylogenetic diversity of bacterial and archaeal genome trees by >30% and provide the first representatives of 17 bacterial and three archaeal candidate phyla. We also recovered 245 genomes from the Patescibacteria superphylum (also known as the Candidate Phyla Radiation) and find that the relative diversity of this group varies substantially with different protein marker sets. The scale and quality of this data set demonstrate that recovering genomes from metagenomes provides an expedient path forward to exploring microbial dark matter.
The recovery of 7,903 bacterial and archaeal metagenome-assembled genomes increases the phylogenetic diversity represented by public genome repositories and provides the first representatives from 20 candidate phyla.
Journal Article
Storm of lightning
\"Michael and the rest of the Electroclan are facing their greatest crisis yet. The resistance movement has been compromised. The safe house has been destroyed. The voice is in hiding, and they have no idea if their families are alive... or dead. What they do know is that the Elgen won't stop until they've destroyed the Electroclan\"--Front jacket flap.
Book
Correction: Integrating particle tracking with computational fluid dynamics to assess haemodynamic perturbation by coronary artery stents
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271469.].
Journal Article