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Guest Editor's Note: Women Digitizing Revolution
This special issue of Frontiers appears at a critical moment in US history. Rather than appearing at a historic juncture marked by the eagerly anticipated election of this country's first woman president, Hillary Rodham Clinton, this edition arrives instead as the nation grapples with the surprising electoral victory of Donald Trump, arguably one of the most racially bigoted and sexist presidents in modern US history. Our volume, with its timely array of discussions concerning women of color engaging with technology, arrives at the right moment in time. Women Digitizing Revolution is a forward-looking project that takes within its purview the important work of updating and foregrounding how women of color participate in and push forward twenty-first-century technological cultures and practices. The essays collected here respond to the Frontiers editorial team's direct call for manuscripts that address simultaneously the past and present status of women and technology.
Journal Article
Effects of a True Prophylactic Treatment on Hippocampal and Amygdala Synaptic Plasticity and Gene Expression in a Rodent Chronic Stress Model of Social Defeat
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a complex stress-related disorder induced by exposure to traumatic stress that is characterized by symptoms of re-experiencing, avoidance, and hyper-arousal. While it is widely accepted that brain regions involved in emotional regulation and memory—e.g., the amygdala and hippocampus—are dysregulated in PTSD, the pathophysiology of the disorder is not well defined and therefore, pharmacological interventions are extremely limited. Because stress hormones norepinephrine and cortisol (corticosterone in rats) are heavily implicated in the disorder, we explored whether preemptively and systemically antagonizing β-adrenergic and glucocorticoid receptors with propranolol and mifepristone are sufficient to mitigate pathological changes in synaptic plasticity, gene expression, and anxiety induced by a modified social defeat (SD) stress protocol. Young adult, male Sprague Dawley rats were initially pre-screened for anxiety. The rats were then exposed to SD and chronic light stress to induce anxiety-like symptoms. Drug-treated rats were administered propranolol and mifepristone injections prior to and continuing throughout SD stress. Using competitive ELISAs on plasma, field electrophysiology at CA1 of the ventral hippocampus (VH) and the basolateral amygdala (BLA), quantitative RT-PCR, and behavior assays, we demonstrate that our SD stress increased anxiety-like behavior, elevated long-term potentiation (LTP) in the VH and BLA, and altered the expression of mineralocorticoid, glucocorticoid, and glutamate receptors. These measures largely reverted to control levels with the administration of propranolol and mifepristone. Our findings indicate that SD stress increases LTP in the VH and BLA and that prophylactic treatment with propranolol and mifepristone may have the potential in mitigating these and other stress-induced effects.
Journal Article
Pretty People
In the 1990s, American civil society got upended and reordered as many social, cultural, political, and economic institutions were changed forever.Pretty Peopleexamines a wide range of Hollywood icons who reflect how stardom in that decade was transformed as the nation itself was signaling significant changes to familiar ideas about gender, race, ethnicity, age, class, sexuality, and nationality.
Such actors as Denzel Washington, Andy Garcia, Halle Berry, Angela Bassett, Will Smith, Jennifer Lopez, and Antonio Banderas became bona fide movie stars who carried major films to amazing box-office success. Five of the decade's top ten films were opened by three women-Julia Roberts, Jodie Foster, and Whoopi Goldberg. \"Chick flick\" entered the lexicon as Leonardo DiCaprio became the \"King of the World,\" ushering in the cult of the mega celebrity. Tom Hanks and Tom Cruise defined screen masculinity as stark contrasts between \"the regular guy\" and \"the intense guy\" while the roles of Michael Douglas exemplified the endangered \"Average White Male.\" A fascinating composite portrait of 1990s Hollywood and its stars, this collection marks the changes to stardom and society at century's end.
eBook
Scandalicious
Unless people have been hiding under a technology-free rock or living in a social media-free zone for the past decade or so, it is no revelation to you that Shonda Rhimes is at it again. Following the fabulous, game-changing, ratings-grabbing, and social media-innovating primetime TV dramas, Grey's Anatomy (ABC, 2005 to the present), Private Practice (ABC, 2007-13), and Scandal (ABC, 2012 to the present), Rhimes and her fearless Shondaland production team have succeed in launching another TV mega-hit, How to Get Away with Murder (HTGAWM; 2014 to the present). Essential to the Shonda Rhimes history-making success story is the fact that by retooling Scandal in its second season, Rhimes transformed the brand's most potent fan-obsessed TV dramas into one of the watched and most talked about, followed and tweeted out, \"Liked,\" streamed and binge viewed, and yes, guiltiest of guilty pleasures that broadcast TV has to offer in this era of media convergence. Here, Everett discusses Scandal, social media, and Rhimes' auteurist juggernaut.
Journal Article
American Cinema of the 2000s
The decade from 2000 to 2009 is framed, at one end, by the traumatic catastrophe of the 9/11 attacks on the World Trade Center and, at the other, by the election of the first African American president of the United States. In between, the United States and the world witnessed the rapid expansion of new media and the Internet, such natural disasters as Hurricane Katrina, political uprisings around the world, and a massive meltdown of world economies.
Amid these crises and revolutions, American films responded in multiple ways, sometimes directly reflecting these turbulent times, and sometimes indirectly couching history in traditional genres and stories. In American Cinema of the 2000s , essays from ten top film scholars examine such popular series as the groundbreaking Matrix films and the gripping adventures of former CIA covert operative Jason Bourne; new, offbeat films like Juno ; and the resurgence of documentaries like Michael Moore’s Fahrenheit 9/11 . Each essay demonstrates the complex ways in which American culture and American cinema are bound together in subtle and challenging ways. ]]>
eBook
Spectatorship
Media platforms continually evolve, but the issues surrounding media representations of gender and sexuality have persisted across decades. Spectator: The University of Southern California Journal of Film and Television Criticism has published groundbreaking articles on gender and sexuality, including some that have become canonical in film studies, since the journal’s founding in 1982. This anthology collects seventeen key articles that will enable readers to revisit foundational concerns about gender in media and discover models of analysis that can be applied to the changing media world today. Spectatorship begins with articles that consider issues of spectatorship in film and television content and audience reception, noting how media studies has expanded as a field and demonstrating how theories of gender and sexuality have adapted to new media platforms. Subsequent articles show how new theories emerged from that initial scholarship, helping to develop the fields of fandom, transmedia, and queer theory. The most recent work in this volume is particularly timely, as the distinctions between media producers and media spectators grow more fluid and as the transformation of media structures and platforms prompts new understandings of gender, sexuality, and identification. Connecting contemporary approaches to media with critical conversations of the past, Spectatorship thus offers important points of historical and critical departure for discussion in both the classroom and the field.
eBook
On Cyberfeminism and Cyberwomanism: High‐Tech Mediations of Feminism’s Discontents
Everett addresses women's involvement in digital media technologies across theoretical, critical, and activist spheres of feminist influence. The lessons learned from the First Cyberfeminist International and the Million Woman March's cyberwomanist activism are also discussed.
Journal Article
Race, Gender, and the Technological Turn: A Roundtable on Digitizing Revolution
We are an intergenerational, multiracial roundtable of senior faculty, doctoral students, postdoctoral researchers, and lecturers who all write about race, gender, and digital culture. We were asked to meet online and in person over the course of a year to discuss at length variations on the theme of digitizing revolution. While our conversations began in the spring of 2016, we presented together on a panel in November 2016 at the National Women's Studies Association's Annual Conference--just days after the conclusion of the US presidential election between Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump. In February 2016 Twitter announced a change in its platform structure that would move away from a chronological timeline of tweets to an algorithmic timeline. The Twitter users and public reacted with #RIPTwitter. Suffice it to say, Twitter users were not pleased. However, this is not the first time that this change in the social media platform's framework has been brought up.
Journal Article