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"Everett Zhang"
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Grieving at Chongqing’s Red Guard Graveyard: In the Name of Life Itself
This article presents a historical and ethnographic account of the event of mourning at the Graveyard for the Red Guards in Chongqing. Built in the Cultural Revolution to glorify about 450 Red Guards as “revolutionary martyrs”, this graveyard testifies to the tragic nature of their deaths, which resulted from fighting between two factions for their shared goal of “defending Chairman Mao”. The post-Mao reform negated the Cultural Revolution. In a way, their deaths and mourning their deaths were stigmatized, resulting in their “second death”, but recent important changes in Chinese society have allowed the resurgence of grieving for them, culminating in the granting of the official title of “cultural relic” to the graveyard. Opening up a space to contest their stigmatization and to invalidate the official judgement about the Cultural Revolution, this title signifies the rising imperative to account for every death in the name of life itself.
Journal Article
The birth of nanke (men's medicine) in China: The making of the subject of desire
Why have hospital visits by impotence patients increased and visits by yijing (spermatorrhea) patients decreased in China since the 1980s? A change in moral symptomatology explains these diverging trends: Yijing, as a symptom under Maoist socialism, reflected a moral code of hostility toward individual desire, whereas impotence, as a symptom in post-Mao China, reflects the justification of individual desire. This contrast reveals a shift in the basis of subject making from enforcing collective unity to promoting individual desire. The recent emergence in China of nanke (men's medicine), which treats impotence and other complaints, signals a new moral code that produces desire-centered subjectivity.
Journal Article
Deep China
Deep China investigates the emotional and moral lives of the Chinese people as they adjust to the challenges of modernity. Sharing a medical anthropology and cultural psychiatry perspective, Arthur Kleinman, Yunxiang Yan, Jing Jun, Sing Lee, Everett Zhang, Pan Tianshu, Wu Fei, and Guo Jinhua delve into intimate and sometimes hidden areas of personal life and social practice to observe and narrate the drama of Chinese individualization. The essays explore the remaking of the moral person during China's profound social and economic transformation, unraveling the shifting practices and struggles of contemporary life.
eBook
Deep China
Deep China investigates the emotional and moral lives of the Chinese people as they adjust to the challenges of modernity. Sharing a medical anthropology and cultural psychiatry perspective, Arthur Kleinman, Yunxiang Yan, Jing Jun, Sing Lee, Everett Zhang, Pan Tianshu, Wu Fei, and Guo Jinhua delve into intimate and sometimes hidden areas of personal life and social practice to observe and narrate the drama of Chinese individualization. The essays explore the remaking of the moral person during China's profound social and economic transformation, unraveling the shifting practices and struggles of contemporary life.
eBook
cCMP and cUMP stimulate the acid phosphatase activity of AphA in Haemophilus influenzae
We recently detailed the competitive inhibition of cyclic AMP (cAMP) on three periplasmic enzymes, AphA, NadN, and Hel, in Haemophilus influenzae Rd KW20. This inhibitory effect is vital for orchestrating the nutritional growth and competence development in KW20. Here, we extended the study to the three other second messengers, i.e., cyclic GMP, cyclic UMP, and cyclic CMP, each sharing structural similarities with cAMP. Notably, cGMP competitively inhibits AphA's acid phosphatase activity akin to cAMP. In contrast, both cUMP and cCMP stimulate AphA's phosphatase activity in a dose-dependent manner. This novel finding underscores the intriguing opposing effects of cyclic purine and pyrimidine nucleotides on AphA, suggesting potential intricate biological crosstalk among these second messengers.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.
Paper
Substrate promiscuity of the Escherichia coli xanthine oxidase
PpnN is a cytosolic nucleosidase that cleaves nucleotide monophosphates to nucleobases and ribose-5-phosphate and plays a crucial role in regulating bacterial competitive fitness and persistence. To quantify the PpnN reaction, here we developed an enzyme-coupled assay, wherein PpnN hydrolyzes IMP to hypoxanthine, which is then converted by xanthine oxidase (XO) into xanthine, uric acid and hydrogen peroxide. The detection of hydrogen peroxide via horseradish peroxidase and Amplex Red provides a measure of PpnN enzymatic activity. Surprisingly, we found that in addition to IMP, other nucleotides like GMP significantly increased the signal, suggesting that the corresponding nucleobases might also be substrates for XO. Direct tests by using guanine confirmed XO's capacity to use it as a substrate, albeit less effectively than hypoxanthine. These findings suggest a potential guanine aminohydrolase activity of E. coli XO and broaden our understanding of nucleobase metabolism in bacterial systems.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.
Paper
Escherichia coli acid phosphatase AphA expression is upregulated under carbon and phosphate starvations and inhibited by CytR
This study investigates the regulation of E. coli aphA expression under nutrient starvation. Using transcriptional reporters with truncated aphA promoter sequences, we found that starvation of carbon and phosphate, but not amino acid, stimulated aphA expression through distinct promoter regions. Deletions of crp or cyaA reduced aphA expression, confirming their importance in aphA regulation during carbon starvation. Conversely, CytR deletion increased aphA expression, suggesting CytR's role as a repressor of aphA expression. Collectively, these data imply a potential connection between CytR, aphA expression, and the broader context of natural competence evolution and bacterial nutrient absorption.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.
Paper
China’s Sexual Revolution
In October 2005, an academic event marked a turning point in the study of Chinese sexuality. During a conference organized by the Institute for Research on Sexuality and Gender at Renmin University of China in Beijing, participants raised the following question: what is the Chinese translation of the English termsexuality?This discussion was the result of the efforts of many Chinese scholars who, since the early 1980s, had attempted to distinguish between the English wordssexandsexualityin Chinese translation (Peng 2005).
In fact, evenxing,the Chinese word commonly used today to translate the English wordsex,
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