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By analyzing B→Xuℓνℓ spectra with a model based on soft-gluon resummation and an analytic time-like QCD coupling, we obtain \\[|V_{ub}|=(3.76\\pm0.13\\pm0.22)\\times10^{-3},\\] where the first and the second error refer to experimental and theoretical error, respectively. This model successfully describes the accurate experimental data in beauty fragmentation, which has similar soft-gluon effects. The |Vub| value is obtained from the available measured semileptonic branching fractions in limited regions of the phase space. The distributions in the lepton energy Eℓ, the hadron invariant mass mX, the light-cone momentum \\(P_{+}\\equiv E_{X}-|\\vec{p}_{X}|\\), together with the double distributions in (mX,q2) and (Eℓ,shmax ), are used to select the phase-space regions. q2 is the dilepton squared momentum and shmax is the maximal mX2 at fixed q2 and Eℓ. The |Vub| value obtained is in complete agreement with the value coming from exclusive B decays and from an over-all fit to the standard model parameters. We show that the slight disagreement (up to +2σ) with respect to previous inclusive measurements is not related to different choices for the b (and c) masses, but to a different modeling of the threshold (Sudakov) region.

Hyper-Kamiokande consists of two identical water-Cherenkov detectors of total 520 kt, with the first one in Japan at 295 km from the J-PARC neutrino beam with 2.5$^\\circ$ off-axis angles (OAAs), and the second one possibly in Korea at a later stage. Having the second detector in Korea would benefit almost all areas of neutrino oscillation physics, mainly due to longer baselines. There are several candidate sites in Korea with baselines of 1000–1300 km and OAAs of 1$^\\circ$–3$^\\circ$. We conducted sensitivity studies on neutrino oscillation physics for a second detector, either in Japan (JD $\\times$ 2) or Korea (JD + KD), and compared the results with a single detector in Japan. Leptonic charge–parity (CP) symmetry violation sensitivity is improved, especially when the CP is non-maximally violated. The larger matter effect at Korean candidate sites significantly enhances sensitivities to non-standard interactions of neutrinos and mass ordering determination. Current studies indicate the best sensitivity is obtained at Mt. Bisul (1088 km baseline, $1.3^\\circ$ OAA). Thanks to a larger (1000 m) overburden than the first detector site, clear improvements to sensitivities for solar and supernova relic neutrino searches are expected.

Hyper-Kamiokande will be a next-generation underground water Cherenkov detector with a total (fiducial) mass of 0.99 (0.56) million metric tons, approximately 20 (25) times larger than that of Super-Kamiokande. One of the main goals of Hyper-Kamiokande is the study of $CP$ asymmetry in the lepton sector using accelerator neutrino and anti-neutrino beams. In this paper, the physics potential of a long-baseline neutrino experiment using the Hyper-Kamiokande detector and a neutrino beam from the J-PARC proton synchrotron is presented. The analysis uses the framework and systematic uncertainties derived from the ongoing T2K experiment. With a total exposure of 7.5 MW $\\times 10^7$s integrated proton beam power (corresponding to $1.56 \\times 10^{22}$ protons on target with a 30 GeV proton beam) to a $2.5^\\circ$ off-axis neutrino beam, it is expected that the leptonic $CP$ phase $\\delta _{CP}$ can be determined to better than 19 degrees for all possible values of $\\delta _{CP}$, and $CP$ violation can be established with a statistical significance of more than $3\\,\\sigma$ ($5\\,\\sigma$) for $76{\\%}$ ($58{\\%}$) of the ${\\delta _{CP}}$ parameter space. Using both $\\nu _e$ appearance and $\\nu _\\mu$ disappearance data, the expected 1$\\sigma$ uncertainty of $\\sin ^2\\theta _{23}$ is 0.015(0.006) for $\\sin ^2\\theta _{23}=0.5(0.45)$.

Abstract A new event reconstruction algorithm based on a maximum likelihood method has been developed for Super-Kamiokande. Its improved kinematic and particle identification capabilities enable the analysis of atmospheric neutrino data in a detector volume 32% larger than previous analyses and increase the sensitivity to the neutrino mass hierarchy. Analysis of a 253.9 kton$\\cdot$year exposure of the Super-Kamiokande IV atmospheric neutrino data has yielded a weak preference for the normal hierarchy, disfavoring the inverted hierarchy at 74% assuming oscillations at the best fit of the analysis.

The SNO + collaboration reports its first spectral analysis of long-baseline reactor antineutrino oscillation using 114 tonne-years of data. Fitting the neutrino oscillation probability to the observed energy spectrum yields constraints on the neutrino mass-squared difference Δ m 21 2 . In the ranges allowed by previous measurements, the best-fit Δ m 21 2 is ( 8 . 85 - 1.33 + 1.10 ) × 10 - 5 eV 2 . This measurement is continuing in the next phases of SNO+ and is expected to surpass the present global precision on Δ m 21 2 with about three years of data.

By analyzing B → X u ℓ ν ℓ spectra with a model based on soft-gluon resummation and an analytic time-like QCD coupling, we obtain where the first and the second error refer to experimental and theoretical error, respectively. This model successfully describes the accurate experimental data in beauty fragmentation, which has similar soft-gluon effects. The | V ub | value is obtained from the available measured semileptonic branching fractions in limited regions of the phase space. The distributions in the lepton energy E ℓ , the hadron invariant mass m X , the light-cone momentum , together with the double distributions in ( m X , q 2 ) and ( E ℓ , s h max  ), are used to select the phase-space regions. q 2 is the dilepton squared momentum and s h max is the maximal m X 2 at fixed q 2 and E ℓ . The | V ub | value obtained is in complete agreement with the value coming from exclusive B decays and from an over-all fit to the standard model parameters. We show that the slight disagreement (up to +2 σ ) with respect to previous inclusive measurements is not related to different choices for the b (and c ) masses, but to a different modeling of the threshold (Sudakov) region.

We present the results of the charge ratio (\\(R\\)) and polarization (\\(P^{\\mu}_{0}\\)) measurements using the decay electron events collected from 2008 September to 2022 June by the Super-Kamiokande detector. Because of its underground location and long operation, we performed high precision measurements by accumulating cosmic-ray muons. We measured the muon charge ratio to be \\(R=1.32 \\pm 0.02\\) \\((\\mathrm{stat.}{+}\\mathrm{syst.})\\) at \\(E_{\\mu}\\cos \\theta_{\\mathrm{Zenith}}=0.7^{+0.3}_{-0.2}\\) \\(\\mathrm{TeV}\\), where \\(E_{\\mu}\\) is the muon energy and \\(\\theta_{\\mathrm{Zenith}}\\) is the zenith angle of incoming cosmic-ray muons. This result is consistent with the Honda flux model while this suggests a tension with the \\(\\pi K\\) model of \\(1.9\\sigma\\). We also measured the muon polarization at the production location to be \\(P^{\\mu}_{0}=0.52 \\pm 0.02\\) \\((\\mathrm{stat.}{+}\\mathrm{syst.})\\) at the muon momentum of \\(0.9^{+0.6}_{-0.1}\\) \\(\\mathrm{TeV}/c\\) at the surface of the mountain; this also suggests a tension with the Honda flux model of \\(1.5\\sigma\\). This is the most precise measurement ever to experimentally determine the cosmic-ray muon polarization near \\(1~\\mathrm{TeV}/c\\). These measurement results are useful to improve the atmospheric neutrino simulations.

The T2K experiment presents new measurements of neutrino oscillation parameters using protons on target (POT) in (anti-)neutrino mode at the far detector (FD). Compared to the previous analysis, an additional POT neutrino data was collected at the FD. Significant improvements were made to the analysis methodology, with the near-detector analysis introducing new selections and using more than double the data. Additionally, this is the first T2K oscillation analysis to use NA61/SHINE data on a replica of the T2K target to tune the neutrino flux model, and the neutrino interaction model was improved to include new nuclear effects and calculations. Frequentist and Bayesian analyses are presented, including results on and the impact of priors on the measurement. Both analyses prefer the normal mass ordering and upper octant of with a nearly maximally CP-violating phase. Assuming the normal ordering and using the constraint on from reactors, using Feldman-Cousins corrected intervals, and using constant intervals. The CP-violating phase is constrained to using Feldman-Cousins corrected intervals, and is excluded at more than 90% confidence level. A Jarlskog invariant of zero is excluded at more than credible level using a flat prior in and just below using a flat prior in When the external constraint on is removed, in agreement with measurements from reactor experiments. These results are consistent with previous T2K analyses.

Neutrinos from very nearby supernovae, such as Betelgeuse, are expected to generate more than ten million events over 10\\,s in Super-Kamokande (SK). At such large event rates, the buffers of the SK analog-to-digital conversion board (QBEE) will overflow, causing random loss of data that is critical for understanding the dynamics of the supernova explosion mechanism. In order to solve this problem, two new DAQ modules were developed to aid in the observation of very nearby supernovae. The first of these, the SN module, is designed to save only the number of hit PMTs during a supernova burst and the second, the Veto module, prescales the high rate neutrino events to prevent the QBEE from overflowing based on information from the SN module. In the event of a very nearby supernova, these modules allow SK to reconstruct the time evolution of the neutrino event rate from beginning to end using both QBEE and SN module data. This paper presents the development and testing of these modules together with an analysis of supernova-like data generated with a flashing laser diode. We demonstrate that the Veto module successfully prevents DAQ overflows for Betelgeuse-like supernovae as well as the long-term stability of the new modules. During normal running the Veto module is found to issue DAQ vetos a few times per month resulting in a total dead time less than 1\\,ms, and does not influence ordinary operations. Additionally, using simulation data we find that supernovae closer than 800~pc will trigger Veto module resulting in a prescaling of the observed neutrino data.

The T2K experiment presents new measurements of neutrino oscillation parameters using $$19.7(16.3)\\times 10^{20}$$ 19.7(16.3)×1020 protons on target (POT) in (anti-)neutrino mode at the far detector (FD). Compared to the previous analysis, an additional $$4.7\\times 10^{20}$$ 4.7×1020 POT neutrino data was collected at the FD. Significant improvements were made to the analysis methodology, with the near-detector analysis introducing new selections and using more than double the data. Additionally, this is the first T2K oscillation analysis to use NA61/SHINE data on a replica of the T2K target to tune the neutrino flux model, and the neutrino interaction model was improved to include new nuclear effects and calculations. Frequentist and Bayesian analyses are presented, including results on $$\\sin ^2\\theta _{13}$$ sin2θ13 and the impact of priors on the $$\\delta _{\\textrm{CP}}$$ δCP measurement. Both analyses prefer the normal mass ordering and upper octant of $$\\sin ^2\\theta _{23}$$ sin2θ23 with a nearly maximally CP-violating phase. Assuming the normal ordering and using the constraint on $$\\sin ^2\\theta _{13}$$ sin2θ13 from reactors, $$\\sin ^2\\theta _{23}=0.561^{+0.021}_{-0.032}$$ sin2θ23=0.561-0.032+0.021 using Feldman–Cousins corrected intervals, and $$\\varDelta {}m^2_{32}=2.494_{-0.058}^{+0.041}\\times 10^{-3}~\\text {eV}^2$$ Δm322=2.494-0.058+0.041×10-3eV2 using constant $$\\varDelta \\chi ^{2}$$ Δχ2 intervals. The CP-violating phase is constrained to $$\\delta _{\\textrm{CP}}=-1.97_{-0.70}^{+0.97}$$ δCP=-1.97-0.70+0.97 using Feldman–Cousins corrected intervals, and $$\\delta _{\\textrm{CP}}=0,\\pi $$ δCP=0,π is excluded at more than 90% confidence level. A Jarlskog invariant of zero is excluded at more than $$2\\sigma $$ 2σ credible level using a flat prior in $$\\delta _{\\textrm{CP}},$$ δCP, and just below $$2\\sigma $$ 2σ using a flat prior in $$\\sin \\delta _{\\textrm{CP}}.$$ sinδCP. When the external constraint on $$\\sin ^2\\theta _{13}$$ sin2θ13 is removed, $$\\sin ^2\\theta _{13}=28.0^{+2.8}_{-6.5}\\times 10^{-3},$$ sin2θ13=28.0-6.5+2.8×10-3, in agreement with measurements from reactor experiments. These results are consistent with previous T2K analyses.