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A measurement of the jet mass distribution in hadronic decays of Lorentz-boosted top quarks is presented. The measurement is performed in the lepton + jets channel of top quark pair production ( ) events, where the lepton is an electron or muon. The products of the hadronic top quark decay are reconstructed using a single large-radius jet with transverse momentum greater than 400 . The data were collected with the CMS detector at the LHC in proton-proton collisions and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 138 . The differential production cross section as a function of the jet mass is unfolded to the particle level and is used to extract the top quark mass. The jet mass scale is calibrated using the hadronic W boson decay within the large-radius jet. The uncertainties in the modelling of the final state radiation are reduced by studying angular correlations in the jet substructure. These developments lead to a significant increase in precision, and a top quark mass of .

The double differential cross sections of the Drell-Yan lepton pair ( , dielectron or dimuon) production are measured as functions of the invariant mass , transverse momentum , and . The observable, derived from angular measurements of the leptons and highly correlated with , is used to probe the low- region in a complementary way. Dilepton masses up to 1 are investigated. Additionally, a measurement is performed requiring at least one jet in the final state. To benefit from partial cancellation of the systematic uncertainty, the ratios of the differential cross sections for various ranges to those in the Z mass peak interval are presented. The collected data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 36.3 of proton-proton collisions recorded with the CMS detector at the LHC at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 . Measurements are compared with predictions based on perturbative quantum chromodynamics, including soft-gluon resummation.

Production cross sections of the standard model Higgs boson decaying to a pair of W bosons are measured in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 . The analysis targets Higgs bosons produced via gluon fusion, vector boson fusion, and in association with a W or Z boson. Candidate events are required to have at least two charged leptons and moderate missing transverse momentum, targeting events with at least one leptonically decaying W boson originating from the Higgs boson. Results are presented in the form of inclusive and differential cross sections in the simplified template cross section framework, as well as couplings of the Higgs boson to vector bosons and fermions. The data set collected by the CMS detector during 2016-2018 is used, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 . The signal strength modifier , defined as the ratio of the observed production rate in a given decay channel to the standard model expectation, is measured to be . All results are found to be compatible with the standard model within the uncertainties.

The mass of the top quark is measured in 36.3 of LHC proton-proton collision data collected with the CMS detector at . The measurement uses a sample of top quark pair candidate events containing one isolated electron or muon and at least four jets in the final state. For each event, the mass is reconstructed from a kinematic fit of the decay products to a top quark pair hypothesis. A profile likelihood method is applied using up to four observables per event to extract the top quark mass. The top quark mass is measured to be . This approach significantly improves the precision over previous measurements.

A search is reported for pairs of light Higgs bosons ( ) produced in supersymmetric cascade decays in final states with small missing transverse momentum. A data set of LHC collisions collected with the CMS detector at and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 is used. The search targets events where both bosons decay into pairs that are reconstructed as large-radius jets using substructure techniques. No evidence is found for an excess of events beyond the background expectations of the standard model (SM). Results from the search are interpreted in the next-to-minimal supersymmetric extension of the SM, where a \"singlino\" of small mass leads to squark and gluino cascade decays that can predominantly end in a highly Lorentz-boosted singlet-like and a singlino-like neutralino of small transverse momentum. Upper limits are set on the product of the squark or gluino pair production cross section and the square of the branching fraction of the in a benchmark model containing almost mass-degenerate gluinos and light-flavour squarks. Under the assumption of an SM-like branching fraction, bosons with masses in the range 40-120 arising from the decays of squarks or gluinos with a mass of 1200-2500 are excluded at 95% confidence level.

The production of Z bosons associated with jets is measured in collisions at with data recorded with the CMS experiment at the LHC corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36.3 . The multiplicity of jets with transverse momentum is measured for different regions of the Z boson's , from lower than 10 to higher than 100 . The azimuthal correlation between the Z boson and the leading jet, as well as the correlations between the two leading jets are measured in three regions of . The measurements are compared with several predictions at leading and next-to-leading orders, interfaced with parton showers. Predictions based on transverse-momentum dependent parton distributions and corresponding parton showers give a good description of the measurement in the regions where multiple parton interactions and higher jet multiplicities are not important. The effects of multiple parton interactions are shown to be important to correctly describe the measured spectra in the low regions.

IntroductionGeriatric assessment and management is recommended for older adults with cancer referred for chemotherapy but no randomised controlled trial has been completed of this intervention in the oncology setting.Trial designA two-group parallel single blind multi-centre randomised trial with a companion trial-based economic evaluation from both payer and societal perspectives with process evaluation.ParticipantsA total of 350 participants aged 70+, diagnosed with a solid tumour, lymphoma or myeloma, referred for first/second line chemotherapy, who speak English/French, have an Eastern Collaborative Oncology Group Performance Status 0–2 will be recruited. All participants will be followed for 12 months.InterventionGeriatric assessment and management for 6 months. The control group will receive usual oncologic care. All participants will receive a monthly healthy ageing booklet for 6 months.ObjectiveTo study the clinical and cost-effectiveness of geriatric assessment and management in optimising outcomes compared with usual oncology care.RandomisationParticipants will be allocated to one of the two arms in a 1:1 ratio. The randomisation will be stratified by centre and treatment intent (palliative vs other).OutcomeQuality of life.Secondary outcomes(1) Cost-effectiveness, (2) functional status, (3) number of geriatric issues successfully addressed, (4) grades3–5 treatment toxicity, (5) healthcare use, (6) satisfaction, (7) cancer treatment plan modification and (8) overall survival.Planned analysisFor the primary outcome we will use a pattern mixture model using an intent-to-treat approach (at 3, 6 and12 months). We will conduct a cost-utility analysis alongside this clinical trial. For secondary outcomes 2–4, we will use a variety of methods.Ethics and disseminationOur study has been approved by all required REBs. We will disseminate our findings to stakeholders locally, nationally and internationally and by publishing the findings.Trial registration number NCT03154671.

Spin states in semiconductors provide exceptionally stable and noise-resistant environments for qubits, positioning them as optimal candidates for reliable quantum computing technologies. The proposal to use nuclear and electronic spins of donor atoms in silicon, introduced by Kane in 1998, sparked a new research field focused on the precise positioning of individual impurity atoms for quantum devices, utilising scanning tunnelling microscopy and ion implantation. This roadmap article reviews the advancements in the 25 years since Kane's proposal, the current challenges, and the future directions in atomic-scale semiconductor device fabrication and measurement. It covers the quest to create a silicon-based quantum computer and expands to include diverse material systems and fabrication techniques, highlighting the potential for a broad range of semiconductor quantum technological applications. Key developments include phosphorus in silicon devices such as single-atom transistors, arrayed few-donor devices, one- and two-qubit gates, three-dimensional architectures, and the development of a toolbox for future quantum integrated circuits. The roadmap also explores new impurity species like arsenic and antimony for enhanced scalability and higher-dimensional spin systems, new chemistry for dopant precursors and lithographic resists, and the potential for germanium-based devices. Emerging methods, such as photon-based lithography and electron beam manipulation, are discussed for their disruptive potential. This roadmap charts the path toward scalable quantum computing and advanced semiconductor quantum technologies, emphasising the critical intersections of experiment, technological development, and theory.

The replacement of the existing endcap calorimeter in the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) detector for the high-luminosity LHC (HL-LHC), scheduled for 2027, will be a high granularity calorimeter. It will provide detailed position, energy, and timing information on electromagnetic and hadronic showers in the immense pileup of the HL-LHC. The High Granularity Calorimeter (HGCAL) will use 120-, 200-, and 300-\\(\\mu\\textrm{m}\\) thick silicon (Si) pad sensors as the main active material and will sustain 1-MeV neutron equivalent fluences up to about \\(10^{16}~\\textrm{n}_\\textrm{eq}\\textrm{cm}^{-2}\\). In order to address the performance degradation of the Si detectors caused by the intense radiation environment, irradiation campaigns of test diode samples from 8-inch and 6-inch wafers were performed in two reactors. Characterization of the electrical and charge collection properties after irradiation involved both bulk polarities for the three sensor thicknesses. Since the Si sensors will be operated at -30 \\(^\\circ\\)C to reduce increasing bulk leakage current with fluence, the charge collection investigation of 30 irradiated samples was carried out with the infrared-TCT setup at -30 \\(^\\circ\\)C. TCAD simulation results at the lower fluences are in close agreement with the experimental results and provide predictions of sensor performance for the lower fluence regions not covered by the experimental study. All investigated sensors display 60\\(\\%\\) or higher charge collection efficiency at their respective highest lifetime fluences when operated at 800 V, and display above 90\\(\\%\\) at the lowest fluence, at 600 V. The collected charge close to the fluence of \\(10^{16}~\\textrm{n}_\\textrm{eq}\\textrm{cm}^{-2}\\) exceeds 1 fC at voltages beyond 800 V.

Almost ten years ago, energetic neutral hydrogen atoms were detected after a strong-field double ionization of H\\(_2\\). This process, called 'frustrated tunneling ionization', occurs when an ionized electron is recaptured after being driven back to its parent ion by the electric field of a femtosecond laser. In the present study we demonstrate that a related process naturally occurs in clusters without the need of an external field: we observe a charge hopping that occurs during a Coulomb explosion of a small helium cluster, which leads to an energetic neutral helium atom. This claim is supported by theoretical evidence. As an analog to 'frustrated tunneling ionization', we term this process 'frustrated Coulomb explosion'.