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Airway inflammation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an amplified response of the normal immune system that occurs as a result of chronic irritation by toxic substances, such as cigarette smoke. This leads to the characteristic pathological changes in the inflammatory cells of COPD patients. ADAM33 has been reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of COPD in East Asia by affecting airway inflammation and other immune responses. The aim of this study was to determine the potential role of ADAM33 (mRNA and soluble levels) as a biomarker of inflammation in COPD patients. This is a case control study using consecutive sampling. The COPD case and control (non-COPD) groups comprised 37 and 29 patients, respectively. We used univariate analysis to assess differences in the parameters between the groups and bivariate analysis to non-parametrically compare these parameters between the two groups. We observed significantly higher mRNA levels of ADAM33 in the COPD patients (10.39 ± 1.76) as compared to that in the non-COPD individuals (6.93 ± 0.39; P < 0.001). The levels of soluble ADAM33 were also significantly higher in the COPD patients (2.188 ± 1.142 ng/ml) compared to the non-COPD individuals (0.487 ± 0.105 ng/ml; P < 0.001). The mRNA and soluble ADAM33 levels were significantly higher in COPD patients compared to those in the parameter-matched non-COPD individuals. Thus, ADAM33 is a potential biomarker and treatment for inflammation in COPD patients.

Application of corrosion inhibitor is a common method to minimize corrosion reaction of steel in aqueous environments. Research for an effective eco-friendly corrosion inhibitor is required due to the toxicity issues of the most commercially available corrosion inhibitors. Many recent studies have shown that various food waste can be utilized as corrosion inhibitors. Extracting inhibitor compounds from food waste is definitely low cost, less harm, and environmentally beneficial. One example of corrosion inhibitor derived from food waste is a water-soluble chitosan (WSC) inhibitor, which can be extracted from Crustacean shells. This study used shrimp shell waste to extract WSC and test the effectiveness on inhibiting corrosion of mild steel in acid solution. The weight loss method was employed at various inhibitor concentrations and solution types. The overall findings in this study indicate that the WSC extracted from shrimp shell exhibits a good inhibition performance in 0.5 M HCl solution with the efficiency up to 94.31% at a concentration of 3 g/l at room temperature. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and 2.2.7 UV-visible spectroscopy analysis showed that WSC molecules adsorbed on the steel surface and hinder the corrosion reactions.

This review delves into the increasing interest in probiotics and paraprobiotics as a viable alternative to antibiotics in aquaculture, highlighting their potential to enhance fish health and prevent diseases. As the aquaculture industry continues its global expansion, addressing the challenges associated with disease outbreaks in high-density fish populations becomes imperative. The review underscores the promising role of probiotics and paraprobiotics as a sustainable strategy to mitigate these challenges. The diverse positive impacts of various probiotic strains such as Arthrobacter , Bacillus , Lactobacillus , Bifidobacterium , Clostridium , and others emphasize their roles in enhancing growth, resistance to diseases (including bacterial, viral, and parasitic infections), stress reduction, water quality management, and environmental sustainability. Challenges such as stability, host specificity, and regulatory considerations must be addressed to optimize the use of probiotics in aquaculture. Additionally, paraprobiotics, or non-viable microbial cells, present a safer alternative to the criticized antibiotics and even live probiotics in environments where microbial viability poses a risk. These inactivated cells retain the ability to modulate the immune system and improve gut health, offering a promising complementary approach to fish disease prevention. The review advocates for a systematic approach combining research, innovation, and collaboration to effectively integrate probiotics and paraprobiotics into fish farming practices. Furthermore, the mechanisms by which probiotics and paraprobiotics modulate gut microbiota, produce antimicrobial compounds, and strengthen fish’s immune system have been elucidated. Moreover, the practical applications of probiotics in fish farming, including optimal administration methods and the challenges and limitations faced by the industry, have been discussed. Emphasis on the importance of continued research to explore new probiotic and paraprobiotic strains and develop innovative delivery systems to ensure the sustainability of aquaculture has been discussed. By enhancing fish health, reducing the need for antibiotics, and improving water quality, probiotics, and paraprobiotics contribute to more sustainable and environmentally responsible aquaculture operations.

Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) play crucial roles in the regulation of animal growth and reproduction. However, the functional and regulatory mechanisms underlying ovarian growth and oocyte maturation in teleosts remain unclear. In this study, the expression profiles of lncRNAs and mRNAs were analyzed in the ovaries of golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus) treated with IGF1 and IGF2 proteins to gain insights into the role of these two IGF ligands in the regulation of ovarian development and maturation. A total of 1494 lncRNAs and 8728 mRNAs were differentially expressed following IGF1 treatment compared with the control group. A total of 101 lncRNAs and 377 mRNAs were differentially expressed after IGF2 treatment compared to those in the control group. The results revealed that KEGG pathways enriched by target genes of the DE lncRNAs overlapped significantly with those enriched by the DE mRNAs in both the IGF1 and IGF2 groups. The key overlapping enriched pathways included ECM receptor interaction, gap junction, Hedgehog signaling pathway, Ras signaling pathway, Rap1 signaling pathway, TGF beta signaling pathway, Wnt signaling pathway, GnRH signaling pathway, progesterone-mediated oocyte maturation, oocyte meiosis, cell cycle, and MAPK signaling pathway. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in ovarian development and oocyte maturation were cyp17a1, cyp19a1, star, hsd17b3, hsd17b7, adam23, slc26a6, htr2b, h2ax, nanos3, krt18, pgr, and inhbb, following IGF1 and IGF2 treatment. Furthermore, four lncRNAs (MSTRG.66521.1, MSTRG.49969.1, MSTRG.59923.1, and MSTRG.13767.1) for IGF1 and two (MSTRG.20896.2 and MSTRG.58123.2) for IGF2 within the lncRNA–mRNA network were found to target DEGs related to ovarian development and maturation. This suggests that IGFs may affect reproductive processes by regulating the expression of lncRNAs and mRNAs. RT-qPCR analysis revealed that these six lncRNAs showed high expression levels in the brain, pituitary, liver, and gonad tissues, indicating their potential involvement in regulating ovarian growth and development. This study elucidates the lncRNA–mRNA regulatory mechanism in response to IGF1 and IGF2 treatment during stage III of ovarian development in golden pompano, thereby deepening our understanding of its functional role.

Recently, China has become a hotspot for farming golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus), a commercially valuable marine fish. The genetic mechanisms underlying ovarian development, particularly those regulated by insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), remain poorly understood. Existing research on T. ovatus has focused primarily on growth metrics, developmental stages, and immune responses, leaving a critical gap in knowledge regarding the hepatic regulatory pathways activated by IGFs. In this study, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected through RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) and associated pathways in response to IGF treatment. Comparisons between the IGF1, IGF2, and IGF3 treated groups and the control revealed 113 (46 upregulated, 67 downregulated), 637 (567 upregulated, 70 downregulated), and 587 DEGs (273 upregulated, 314 downregulated), respectively. KEGG enrichment analysis highlighted key pathways that may be linked to ovarian growth and development, including biotin metabolism, biosynthesis of amino acids, drug-cytochrome p450 pathways, MAPK signaling, estrogen signaling pathways, ECM receptor interaction, steroid biosynthesis, and ovarian steroidogenesis. These findings advance our understanding of hepatic metabolic regulation in golden pompano via the IGF system and provide actionable insights for optimizing aquaculture practices and selective breeding programs for this species.

Introduction: Modernization, digital lifestyles, and urban pressures have reduced the practice of traditional games in Indonesia, raising concerns regarding decreased physical activity and weakened cultural continuity. This review aims to analyze the sociocultural meanings and public health contributions of Indonesian traditional games within a contemporary social context. Methodology: A systematic review was conducted on peer-reviewed articles published between 2015 and 2025 that examined Indonesian traditional games. Studies indexed in major academic databases were reviewed and analyzed using perspectives from sports science, anthropology, and health promotion. Results: The findings show that traditional games contribute to physical fitness, motor development, emotional balance, and mental well-being. At the same time, they function as culturally embedded platforms that strengthen social cohesion, moral learning, identity formation, and intergenerational relationships. This review offers an integrative sociocultural–public health perspective that positions traditional games not merely as recreational activities, but as culturally grounded public health resources. Conclusions: Indonesian traditional games hold dual value as tools of cultural resilience and as promotors of active, healthy lifestyles. Their integration into physical education and community-based health programs represents a culturally sustainable strategy for improving public health. Further research is recommended to explore policy development and adaptive implementation of traditional games in urban and digital environments. Introducción: La modernización, los estilos de vida digitales y las presiones urbanas han reducido la práctica de los juegos tradicionales en Indonesia, generando preocupación por la disminución de la actividad física y la continuidad cultural. El objetivo de esta revisión es analizar los significados socioculturales y las contribuciones a la salud pública de los juegos tradicionales indonesios en el contexto social contemporáneo. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión sistemática de artículos revisados por pares publicados entre 2015 y 2025 que examinan los juegos tradicionales indonesios. Los estudios indexados en las principales bases de datos académicas fueron revisados y analizados desde las perspectivas de las ciencias del deporte, la antropología y la promoción de la salud. Resultados: Los hallazgos muestran que los juegos tradicionales contribuyen a la condición física, el desarrollo motor, el equilibrio emocional y el bienestar mental. Al mismo tiempo, funcionan como espacios culturales que fortalecen la cohesión social, el aprendizaje moral, la formación identitaria y las relaciones intergeneracionales. Esta revisión presenta una perspectiva integradora sociocultural–salud pública que sitúa los juegos tradicionales no solo como actividades recreativas, sino como recursos culturales para la salud pública. Conclusiones: Los juegos tradicionales indonesios poseen un doble valor como herramientas de resiliencia cultural y promoción de estilos de vida activos y saludables. Su integración en la educación física y en programas comunitarios de salud representa una estrategia culturalmente sostenible. Se recomienda profundizar en políticas públicas y en su adaptación a contextos urbanos y digitales. Introdução: A modernização, os estilos de vida digitais e as pressões urbanas reduziram a prática dos jogos tradicionais na Indonésia, gerando preocupação pela diminuição da atividade física e da continuidade cultural. O objetivo desta revisão é analisar os significados socioculturais e os contributos para a saúde pública dos jogos tradicionais indonésios no contexto social contemporâneo. Metodologia: Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática de artigos revistos por pares publicados entre 2015 e 2025 que examinam os jogos tradicionais da Indonésia. Os estudos indexados nas principais bases de dados académicos foram revistos ​​e analisados ​​nas perspetivas das ciências do desporto, da antropologia e da promoção da saúde. Resultados: Os hallazgos mostram que os jogos tradicionais contribuem para a condição física, o desenvolvimento motor, o equilíbrio emocional e o bem-estar mental. Ao mesmo tempo, funcionam como espaços culturais que fortalecem a coesão social, a aprendizagem moral, a formação identitária e as relações intergeracionais. Esta revisão apresenta uma perspetiva integrada sociocultural-saúde pública que situa os jogos tradicionais não só como atividades recreativas, mas também como recursos culturais para a saúde pública. Conclusões: Os jogos tradicionais indonésios representam um duplo valor como ferramentas de resiliência cultural e de promoção de estilos de vida activos e saludáveis. A sua integração na educação física e nos programas de saúde comunitária representa uma estratégia culturalmente sustentável. Recomenda-se aprofundar as políticas públicas e a sua adaptação a contextos urbanos e digitais.

As aquaculture takes on a major role in global seafood production, the industry has encountered several hurdles, notably in disease management and overharvesting in natural habitats challenges. Vaccination is a critical component of immunological preventive strategy essential for the health management of animals. Over the past two decades, vaccines have revolutionized the sector by addressing these issues while enhancing productivity and ecological balance. Advanced vaccine technologies, including DNA, recombinant, and inactivated vaccines, have demonstrated their potential to transform aquaculture and sea ranching. Innovations like the recombinant DNA vaccine for goldfish using the G protein expressed by baculovirus for spring viremia for carp and the ME-VAC Aqua Strept vaccine for tilapia highlight their ability to reduce antibiotic dependence and support greener practices. Multivalent vaccines in salmon farming further showcase their effectiveness in improving fish health and productivity. Emerging solutions such as plant-based and mucosal vaccines offer scalable, cost-effective options for immunizing large fish populations, reducing disease-related losses, and stabilizing seafood supply chains. Vaccines also improve the survival rates of hatchery-reared fish in natural habitats, supporting long-term sustainability. By integrating vaccination with selective breeding for disease resistance, aquaculture can achieve enhanced productivity and reduced environmental impact. The article highlights the impact vaccines can have on technology leap forward and research cooperation that will allow for collective mobilization to prevent aquatic disease. Not only that, this review also discusses the challenges and opportunities of using vaccines to increase fish resilience for surviving in open waters. Emphasis on the transformative role of vaccines in enabling technological advancements, fostering research collaborations, and addressing economic and environmental challenges to ensure a sustainable future for aquaculture and sea ranching have been highlighted as well. Future research directions and economic implications of widespread vaccine adoption in aquaculture are also discussed.

On July 29th, 2018 there was an earthquake of 6.4 magnitude occurred in Lombok Island, West Nusa Tenggara. The repercussions of the earthquake cause the area to deform. Deformation refers to any changes in the shape and size of an object. Hence the purpose of this research is to measure the deformation cause by the aforementioned earthquake in Lombok. The deformation calculation is conduct by using the SAR data from Sentinel-1A Satellite Imagery (Interferometric Wide Swath (IW)) using DInSAR method. The effect of deformation cause by an earthquake in Lombok based on DInSAR method is -0.001 m up to -0.134 m with the average -0.026 m and the image coherence is 0.32, with the range for coherence is 0 to 1. The small value of coherence cause by the vegetation density within the research area. The vegetation density will affect the imagery coherence value due to its movement and development thus effecting the backscatter. Hence, the deformation data situate within the vegetation density area will result less accurate data.

The issue of antimicrobial resistance in farm-raised fish presents a significant challenge for aquaculture operations. Long-term antibiotic treatment of fish for bacterial infections has led to bacteria thriving in the aquatic ecosystem and developing resistance to antibiotics. On the other hand, increasing research suggests that probiotics and prebiotics may be viable alternatives to antibiotics in regulating the immune system. Probiotics and prebiotics interact with fish metabolism in complex ways. These interactions offer promising alternatives to reduce antibiotic use in aquaculture. Introducing live microorganisms, known as probiotics, into an organism’s system can help improve overall health by altering the microflora and boosting immunity. Acting as immunostimulants, prebiotics directly impact the fish’s innate immune system. When used together, probiotics and prebiotics enhance immunomodulatory activity, providing numerous health benefits to aquatic animals. However, successfully replacing antibiotics with probiotics and prebiotics requires a deep understanding of metabolic pathways, optimization strategies, and innovative approaches. There has been a lack of extensive research on how probiotics and prebiotics impact lipid metabolism in various types of fish. This review aims to explore the intricate relationship between probiotics, prebiotics, and fish metabolism, with a specific focus on how these beneficial microorganisms and dietary fibers interact with fish antioxidant systems. We have also discussed the challenges faced by farmers when using probiotics and prebiotics. This review analyzes metabolic and antioxidant interactions mediated by probiotics and prebiotics in cultured fish species. It synthesizes findings on histological effects, enzymatic activity, and microbial interactions, with emphasis on lipid metabolism and immune modulation, and also discusses the practical implications for sustainable aquaculture.

The dominance of paper and pencil assessment tests in chemistry small skill laboratory works make assessments in the affective and psychomotor less attention. This research aims to develop an authentic-peer assessment instrument to measure the ability of a prospective evaluation of chemistry teachers on basic chemistry small skill laboratory works. The method used research and development. The subjects were students of the second semester of chemistry education 2018 at Walisongo State Islamic University Semarang. Data collection instrument in the form of sheets validation instrument to measure the validity and reliability of peer assessment and questionnaire responses sheet learners. The results of authentic-peer assessment developed very validly in the category with a value of 31. The internal consistency reliability Spearman-Brown gained 0.78 means indicates that the authentic assessment instruments developed have a strong level of consistency. The measurement results evaluation capabilities candidate chemicals are known educator excellent ability group with a percentage of 31.45%, a good ability with the percentage of 47.48%, enough ability with the percentage of 15.79%, and less ability with the percentage of 5.28%. The questionnaire results obtained by 82 percentage points. The results of that study concluded that authentic assessment developed meet the category of valid, reliable, and practical.