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This study presents a novel approach focused on extensively addressing the dynamics of Rabineurodeficiency Syndrome by developing a mathematical compartmental model without recuperation. The equilibria of the rabies-free and present states are analyzed locally and globally. Real-world data on annual rabies cases are integrated to confirm and enhance the model’s accuracy. Likewise, a parameter estimation technique is employed to optimize the model, aiding in calculating the basic reproduction number. Sensitivity analysis examines the impact of critical parameters on transmission dynamics, providing a deeper understanding of the determining factors influencing disease spread. Visual representations of the relationship between essential parameters and the reproduction number offer valuable insights into factors influencing disease control. Advancing the understanding of Rabineurodeficiency Syndrome dynamics, the inclusive control actions to mitigate infectious diseases are evaluated, emphasizing the importance of accounting for individuals with disabilities.

The hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major public health problem worldwide. Sexual intercourse, heterosexual and homosexual, is an important factor in HBV transmission in adults. This study develops a fractional-order mathematical model to describe the spread of HBV, using fractional calculus with a Mittag–Leffler kernel to account for memory effects and hereditary properties of biological systems. The adult population is divided into the groups of susceptible, infected, carrier, and recovered, on the basis of sex and sexual habits. The model incorporates HBV-related disability using gender-specific probabilities that capture long-term functional impairments among carriers. We derive the basic reproduction number ( R 0 ) and analyze the disease-free equilibrium ( E 0 ). Theoretical results include conditions ensuring existence and uniqueness of solutions and the Hyers–Ulam stability of the system. Sensitivity analysis of R 0 identifies infection rates among same-sex partners, contact frequency, and immunity levels as major factors influencing HBV dynamics. Numerical simulations based on the generalized Mittag–Leffler kernel illustrate the model’s behavior over time. The findings suggest that strengthening immunization programs, reducing the number of carriers, and promoting safe sexual practices can effectively control HBV transmission. The study highlights the value of fractional-order models for capturing complex disease processes and evaluating long-term health outcomes within affected populations.

Cubic stratification dramatically enhances thermal and mass transport in quadratic mixed convection, which is advantageous for electronics cooling, biomedical technology, and power plants. Nanofluids are essential to the development of next-generation cooling and environmental management solutions because of their exceptional thermal characteristics. Motivated by such impactful applications in thermal and engineering systems, this work uses the Buongiorno model to examine heat and mass transfer in Maxwell nanofluids over a vertically extended permeable surface under Darcy–Forchheimer porous flow situations. For a more accurate depiction, convective boundary conditions and suction-injection effects are also included in the current analysis. In order to represent complete heat and mass transport behavior, the model also takes into consideration radiative heat flux, viscous heating, chemical reaction, and cross-diffusion effects through the Soret and Dufour mechanisms. Similarity transformations are used to convert the controlling partial differential equations into a system of ordinary differential equations, which are then numerically solved using Mathematica’s NDSolve approach. The influence of important physical parameters on thermal profiles, fluid velocity fields, and concentration distribution is demonstrated in detail through a visual analysis. The skin friction coefficient and local Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are calculated and studied in detail to determine the rates of heat, mass, and surface drag. Important key findings shows that the Velocity filed upsurges with nonlinear thermal and convection parameters, whereas it declines with higher Darcy and Forchheimer resistance effects. Moreover, nanofluid temperature is increased by Dufour and Eckert numbers and decreased by thermal stratification parameter. Finally, Soret and solutal Biot numbers enhance nanoparticle concentration, whereas solutal stratification parameter diminishes it. The results exhibit outstanding consistency with previous research published in the literature.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) remains a major global health concern, with sexual transmission being a key driver among adults. This study develops a gender-stratified compartmental model of HBV spread that integrates long-term disability through gender-specific parameters. A key contribution is the integration of mechanistic modeling with artificial neural networks (ANNs), enabling efficient emulation of the model’s nonlinear dynamics. Numerical solutions from the classical Runge-Kutta 4th-order (RK4) method were used as training data for an ANN optimized with the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm (ANN–LMB). The trained ANN accurately reproduces compartmental dynamics with minimal error and provides a fast surrogate for sensitivity exploration. Analysis of the basic reproduction number ( ) reveals the strong influence of same-sex transmission rates, contact patterns, and disability onset parameters. These findings highlight the importance of behavioral interventions, vaccination coverage, and early detection of chronic carriers. Overall, the proposed ANN–LMB framework enhances computational efficiency and offers a biologically informed approach for exploring complex HBV transmission dynamics.

This study aims to analyze the dynamics of Lassa fever transmission and its impact on the brain and spinal cord then devise and analyze preventive actions. The stability of the infection-free equilibrium point is evaluated; the model’s precision is examined using empirical data; and all parameters are estimated and fitted. Subsequently, the basic reproductive number is determined, and subpopulation trends are observed over time. Sensitivity analysis is conducted to identify critical drivers influencing transmission dynamics. Two-dimensional plots visualize the impact of crucial parameters on the reproductive number. Through a comprehensive literature review and case analysis, an association between Lassa fever and various disabilities is established, including conditions such as encephalitis, hearing loss, ataxia, neuropsychiatric manifestations, meningitis, seizures, and coma. Solutions are devised and analyzed to enhance early detection, treatment, and mitigation of disease.

A 6061 aluminum alloy has almost 0.8–1.2 wt.% Mg and 0.4–0.8 wt.% Si content. These two components, along with other alloying elements, therefore, were characterized by high mechanical and abrasive strength. The aims of the present work were to understand the effect of different types of cooling rates through different molds materials and to investigate the effect of casting with ceramic additives on segregation of the aluminum alloy itself as a composite material forum. Therefore, a series of mechanical tests were conducted, such as compression test, Vickers hardness, and pin-on-disc wear test. The samples were cast at 650 °C and in electric furnaces for 2 h to ensure that the metal achieved adequate homogeneity and temperature. Then, abrasive macroparticles of Al2O3 and Sic with a size close to 40–60 µm were used. The particles were poured under constant stirring for 1 min. Then, they were cast in two types of molds: steel and graphite. The cast specimens were obtained as a reference without particles and with 0.5 wt.%, 1 wt.%, 2 wt.%, 3 wt.%, 4 wt.%, and 8 wt.%. The thermal effect and the heat due to conduction and radiation were calculated. The maximum compressive strength was found to increase by ≈21% with SiCp casted in graphite molds, and HV was found to increase by ≈29% with SiC casted in graphite molds. The same was found for wear resistance, which became good with SiC casted in graphite molds, and it was generally found that the cooling rate through the mold weakened the alloy due to the segregation effect. The presence of tough particulate through the aluminum matrix barrier created a number of loads. Additionally, the high specific heat of graphite, which plays a dominant role in the slaw cooling rate of casting, led to grain enlargement, whereas the higher cooling rate of steel led to grain refinement. These concepts are the main rules of heat treatments through the casting process itself, and they save time and effort.

Nowadays graphene is emerging as one of the most exciting nanomaterial due to its continuous 29 electrically conducting behavior even at zero carrier concentration. With this initiation, we investigate the flow of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) water, water−30%EG, water−50%EG, graphene nanofluid over a stretched surface with thermal convection, and zero mass flux conditions and velocity slips comprising motile microorganisms and nanoparticles. Thermal radiation and Arrhenius activation energy are also be under consideration. The governing fluid equations are solved by Homotopy analysis method (HAM) and computed numerically with shooting technique after employing appropriate transformations. The consequence of numerous physical parameters on velocity, concentration, temperature, and density of motile microorganisms graphs as well as table are used for ethylene glycol based and water-based graphene nanoparticles. Additionally, numerically analyze the designed skin friction, Nusselt number, Sherwood number, and density of motile microorganisms. It is observed that due to heat generation and temperature the improvement of the nonlinear convection variable improves the wall friction. It is also originate that increasing the volume fraction of nanoparticles effectively boosting the thermal conductivity of water−50%EG when compared with water−30%EG and water nanofluids. Ethylene glycol based graphene nanofluids take less time for process as compared to water based nanofluids.

Nanoparticles typically have dimensions of less than 100 nm. Scientists around the world have recently become interested in nanotechnology because of its potential applications in a wide range of fields, including catalysis, gas sensing, renewable energy, electronics, medicine, diagnostics, medication delivery, cosmetics, the construction industry, and the food industry. The sizes and forms of nanoparticles (NPs) are the primary determinants of their properties. Nanoparticles’ unique characteristics may be explored for use in electronics (transistors, LEDs, reusable catalysts), energy (oil recovery), medicine (imaging, tumor detection, drug administration), and more. For the aforementioned applications, the synthesis of nanoparticles with an appropriate size, structure, monodispersity, and morphology is essential. New procedures have been developed in nanotechnology that are safe for the environment and can be used to reliably create nanoparticles and nanomaterials. This research aims to illustrate top-down and bottom-up strategies for nanomaterial production, and numerous characterization methodologies, nanoparticle features, and sector-specific applications of nanotechnology.

This study introduces an innovative approach to understand better and address rabies transmission-causing brain disorders by developing a comprehensive mathematical model, and the model’s credibility is verified through the utilization of real-world data of confirmed rabies cases. The model meticulously examines the dynamics of rabies transmission, rabies-free equilibrium stability, parameter estimation, and the basic reproductive number. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis identifies pivotal factors influencing transmission, while 3D surface plots illustrate the effects of threshold parameters on the basic reproduction number. An extensive review of literature and case studies reinforces the strong association between rabies and severe neurological disorders, underscoring the urgent need for effective epidemic management. Control strategies such as educational campaigns and utilization of nanotechnology are proposed and analyzed to combat this threat. The ultimate goal is to enhance the prompt identification, treatment, and mitigation of rabies, strengthening response to brain-disabling outbreaks.