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There is ample research on aggression amongst children and adolescents that highlights several antecedents of aggression. While researchers have remarked on the relationship between parenting styles and aggression in children, there are few studies that integrate and systemize the available studies on parenting styles and aggression. The present review is an attempt to fill this gap. For this review, relevant studies were first searched, then coded and classified. As a result of thorough review, 34 relevant studies were identified. The review shows that parenting styles have a direct impact on aggression in children. Authoritative parenting styles play a positive role in psychological behavior in children while authoritarian and permissive parenting styles result in aggressive and negative behaviors in children. The current study also suggests that there is room to conduct studies on this topic in developing countries. Future research should be undertaken in developing and under-developed countries and should focus on mixed modes of research and examine the direct influence of parenting styles on aggressive behavior in children in different cultural contexts.

PurposeDrawing on psychological contract theory and social identity theory, this study aims at examining the mediating role of trust and turnover intention (TI) between the relationship of responsible leadership (RL) and work deviant behavior (WDB).Design/methodology/approachData were collected from 230-full-time hospital staffs to examine the hypothesized relationship. Moreover, study employed a two-step SEM approach to test the proposed relationships.FindingsThe results derived from “partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM)” analysis revealed that RL does not affect WDB. The findings further provided a noteworthy theoretical understanding that of influence of RL on WDB is better explained by trust, whereas the impact of RL on WD is less translated through TI.Practical implicationsThis study entails vital managerial implications by demonstrating that how hospitals should improve WDB.Originality/valueThe study makes a unique contribution in RL literature by linking psychological contract theory and social identity theory. This novel research endeavour also bridges important theoretical gaps by highlighting the additive effects of RL and exploring the competing mediation mechanism through which RL influence WDB.

The focus of my research is to explore the experiences of female academic staff in a number of higher education institutions in Pakistan. The research looked at female academic staff perceptions in light of their socio-cultural experiences and how societal as well as cultural norms impacted their institutional experiences. It also investigated female academic career progression and work-life conflict which impacts their lives. The research also explored how multiple identities are adopted by these academics in their attempt to adjust to institutional life. A feminist discourse was adopted to understand female academic staff position in Pakistani society. From a methodological perspective, data was generated by conducting face-to-face interviews of 16 female academic staff from the four provinces in Pakistan. Sample was identified by snowballing technique and data was analysed thematically from the transcribed interviews. My findings show that female academics experience significant work-life conflict and career stagnation. Respondents indicated that their treatment was often based on their gender which was historically located and supported by male cultural and societal dominance. There was societal role differentiation with men being the bread-winners whereby women had a domestic role. Domestic responsibilities included women having to look after the home and the extended family. Within the institutions female academics are employed, their treatment was based on institutional ‘maleness’ whereby women were often denied opportunities to develop their careers in par with their male colleagues. Respondents indicated that institutional understanding of equality issues was often limited to policy rhetoric with little sign of policies being implemented. Overall, the findings show that for female academics there are a myriad of issues at institutional and societal level that need to be addressed to improve their overall experiences.

The purpose of this study is to identify some relevant key themes, which have emerged from a fieldwork on female academics in Pakistan, which was conducted between 2015 and 2016. The focus of the present research is to explore the experiences of female academic staff in a number of selected Higher Education institution. The investigation goes beyond the formal contractual role boundaries, such as job scope and requirements, and it analyses female academics' experiences in a holistic sense. This is in recognition that the value of female employees is not only defined by the nature of their work roles but also by societal as well as cultural norms. To this end, the analysis of female career progression, in the context of a 'conservative and gendered society', is complemented to the ones of work-life conflict and multiple identities. As for its methodology, the analysis employs qualitative research techniques, such as interviews leading to a thematic analysis of the generated data. Our preliminary results are consistent with the established literature, in so far as they show significant work-life conflict, slower career progression and fewer development and progression opportunities for female academics.

The purpose of this study is to identify some relevant key themes, which have emerged from a fieldwork on female academics in Pakistan, which was conducted between 2015 and 2016. The focus of the present research is to explore the experiences of female academic staff in a number of selected Higher Education institution. The investigation goes beyond the formal contractual role boundaries, such as job scope and requirements, and it analyses female academics’ experiences in a holistic sense. This is in recognition that the value of female employees is not only defined by the nature of their work roles but also by societal as well as cultural norms. To this end, the analysis of female career progression, in the context of a ‘conservative and gendered society’, is complemented to the ones of work-life conflict and multiple identities. As for its methodology, the analysis employs qualitative research techniques, such as interviews leading to a thematic analysis of the generated data. Our preliminary results are consistent with the established literature, in so far as they show significant work-life conflict, slower career progression and fewer development and progression opportunities for female academics.

Purpose - Working women being housewives have to face major problems. They have to trade off between work domain and family life domain, in perspective sector and area chosen. This study investigates the factors behind work-life conflict experienced by women with responsibilities and type of work arrangement experiencedDesign methodology approach - The study is conducted by exploring the responses of 100 women working in 25 different banks (public as well as private banks) in non-contrived environment using random sampling in Attock and Islamabad cities of Pakistan. Regression and correlation is used for statistical analysisFindings - The impact of women's earning potentials, household responsibilities, workplace environment and financial needs is analyzed on women work-life conflict. Results from the study indicate that household responsibilities and workplace environment are strongly correlated to women work-life conflict. Response rate is 75 percent and all the values for Cronbach Alpha are agreeable. Women earning potential and workplace environment are negatively related while household responsibilities and financial needs are positively correlated to women work-life conflictResearch limitations implications - This research selected sample from only two cities Pakistan i.e. Attock and Islamabad. Future studies could select other cities and compare results with city of selected sample. This research used random sampling procedure, which is the main limitation of this study. Future studies could use stratified random sampling procedure with more sample size.Practical implications - It is hoped that the findings of this study will assist the human resource managers, practitioners and strategy makers to better understand women problems.Originality value - The added value of this paper is to link theory and practice, and explore the working women life conflict with job environment. Few studies have conducted over the years under this perspective in the Pakistan.

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the role of cerebral oximetry in addition to conventional monitors during cardiopulmonary bypass in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) patients for prevention of acute kidney injury. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial. Place and Duration of Study: Six months study at department of cardiac anesthesia, Armed Forces institute of Cardiology and National institute of heart diseases, Rawalpindi. Methodology: We prospectively analyzed the collected data of 100 adult patients with normal. Preoperative renal function who underwent isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) from June 2018 to Dec 2018. Patients were randomly allocated into two groups i.e., control group A (n=50) and test group B (n=50). Patients in group A were monitored for organ perfusion using standard tool i.e., MAP, SvO2, pump flow and lactate levels while patients in group B were monitored with near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in addition to standard monitoring. Kidney injury was assessed according to the Acute Kidney Injury Network criteria. Cerebral oximetery, hemoglobin and other important variables were measured every hour intra-operatively and for the first 24 hours postoperatively. Results: AKI developed less in cerebral oximetery group as compare to control group i.e., 5 (10%) vs. 15 (30%). In this study, the rate of postoperative AKI development was high in patients with a low values of cerebral oximetry (SrcO2). Conclusion: This randomized controlled trial showed that a lower cerebral oximetery is correlated well with AKI after CABG patients. Our study concludes that cerebral oximetry in addition to conventional perfusion monitoring may help to prevent AKI after cardiac surgery.