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The article is devoted to the analysis of the economic effects generated by the investments in the economy of the eastern border regions of Russia: the subjects of the Far Eastern Federal District and the Baikal region. Interregional comparisons and contrasts of the economic development indicators for 2011-2018 are given in comparable prices with 2011 as the base year. We discuss the factors hindering the accelerated growth of the economies of these regions. Particular attention is paid to the structure of investments in fixed assets, their effectiveness and impact on the specifics of the socioeconomic development in individual regions. There are multidirectional tendencies in the socioeconomic development of the studied regions. An analysis of investment flows and indicators of socioeconomic development in the eastern regions of the Russian Federation reveals that the existing institutional environment does not yet ensure sustainable economic development in the east of Russia. The integration processes here are hampered by an excessively strong dependence on the federal centre and a focus on specific investors. Therefore, the eastern Russian regions are forced to build their economic policy, focusing on creating attractive conditions for large investors. The stability of economic growth can be ensured only through stable growth of the region population and improvement of the human capital quality. For the successful implementation of large-scale development plans for the east of Russia, it is necessary to stop the processes of depopulation of the territory and maintain optimal proportions between the economic and demographic reproduction.

We investigated the structure of land resources in the Trans-Baikal Territory and considered the dynamics of various land categories from 2000 to 2019. There are no significant shifts in the distribution of land between land users. Over the past decades, there has been an increase in the lands of specially protected natural areas and the forest lands at the expense of agricultural lands and land reserve. The total area of agricultural land is 7,985.8 thousand hectares or 18.5% of the region's area. The results of the analysis allow us to conclude that in the Trans-Baikal Territory, the possibilities for a significant increase in arable land are very limited. According to our estimates, approximately 65% of the area in the region is elevated areas, and 67.1% of the area is slope areas. Moreover, most areas in the municipal districts can be classified as zones with erosion-prone conditions for agriculture. The analysis of the land resources in the Trans-Baikal Territory using geoinformation technologies revealed the terrain features of the municipal districts in the context of the slopes. The existing economic and environmental risks of land involved in the industrial and agricultural production require a transition to adaptive landscape land-use systems.

The article considers the migration mobility in the regions of Eastern Siberia and Russian Far East. The purpose of the study is to analyze and characterize the migration mobility of the population of the Siberian Federal District (SFD) and the Far Eastern Federal District (EFD) as well as to identify the interregional migration factors that determine the geography of its directions. The main hypothesis of the study is that interregional differences in the social and economic development of regions play a primary role in the formation of the repulsive and attractive factors of migration. We used statistical analysis and mathematical methods, as well as their geographical visualization. We have analyzed data from the Rosstat databases and have shown that migration losses in the SFD regions are significantly higher than in FEFD. However, for FEFD, these losses are more significant. Therefore, poorly populated and depressive regions deserve special attention. In these regions, even minimal migration losses considerably increase socio-demographic risks. We revealed that the indigenous population prevail in these territories. At the same time, the increasing territorial mobility of native inhabitants is observed. In most of the regions, there is a low migrant’s adaptation level. We have proposed the authors’ approach to the study of migration repulsive and attractive factors. It is based on the integration of the methods of multidimensional cluster analysis and geo-information analysis. This approach has allowed to classify the Russian regions in terms of their migration attractiveness as well as to show the geography of the prevailing migration movements for each region of SFD and FEFD. The results of the study have confirmed the dependence of migration mobility on the quality of life in different regions. These data may be applied to elaborate mechanisms for an effective policy of regional socio-economic development in the country. The promising direction for the further research is the application of our method at the municipal level. It may allow structuring regional economic spaces depending on the growth poles and the periphery.

The paper presents calculations demonstrating the role of the mineral resource complex from a socio-ecological point of view. The activities of the industry should ensure the development of high-quality social infrastructure and a fairly high standard of living of the local population, including the quality of the environment. This is especially important because enterprises tend to be located in remote areas with not the most favorable climatic conditions. The paper shows the contribution of the raw mineral resource complex on the regional income tax. To compare the environmental impact of the industry with its contribution to the economic growth, an eco-intensity indicator is used. There is a significant differentiation between the Eastern border regions of Russia in terms of socio-environmental dynamics in the field of mining. The most successful is the development of the mineral sector of the Irkutsk region: there is a significant increase in the wage fund, and the improvement of environmental characteristics of emissions into the air. The calculations revealed an unfavorable situation in Primorye Territory. With the reduction of the wage fund formed in the mineral sector, there was an increase in eco-intensity by more than one and a half times.

The concept of a \"green\" economy and \"green\" growth has a clearly expressed social context. It declares the improvement of well-being, the reduction of inequality, and the eradication of poverty in the development processes. This article aims to explore the problem of transaction costs in forest management in the different Russian regions in the context of the concept of \"green economy\". We can argue, on the base of results of this study, that Russian regions have very different \"starting conditions\" on the way to sustainability in the context of carbon balance. The calculations revealed a high degree of heterogeneity of the Russian regions in terms of the socio-environmental indicators. The analysis of spatial distribution of the transaction costs in the Russian regions also showed their high heterogeneity. Therefore, the establishment of a \"carbon tax\", which is now widely discussed by the scientific community, should not be based on uniform approaches and procedures for the whole country.