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"Falloon, Ian"
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The complete book of classic and modern Triumph motorcycles, 1937-today
\"Take an authoritative, thorough, and heavily illustrated look at Triumph motorcycles, from beloved classics to popular new models! What do Marlon Brando, James Dean, Steve McQueen, Bob Dylan, and Arthur Fonzerelli all have in common? All of these men define the very essence of cool, and all have owned Triumph motorcycles. Originally formed as a bicycle company in 1885, in 1902 Triumph produced its first motorcycle, which was simply a bicycle fitted with a Belgian Minerva engine. From there, the company, in various iterations, went on to build some of the most iconic motorcycles of all time. For the first time ever, The Complete Book of Classic and Modern Triumph Motorcycles 1937-Today collects all of the motorcycles from this iconic brand in a single volume. Written by respected Triumph expert Ian Falloon, all of the major and minor models are covered, with an emphasis on the most exemplary, era-defining motorcycles such as the Thunderbird, Tiger, Trophy, Bonneville, and new machines such as the Speed Triple, Thruxton, and Daytona 675. The Complete Book of Classic and Modern Triumph Motorcycles 1937-Today will also feature important non-production models and non-factory racing and speed-record-setting motorcycles that have become integral parts of Triumph's stellar reputation. This is a book no Triumph fan will want to be without!\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Is Theory of Mind in Schizophrenia More Strongly Associated with Clinical and Social Functioning than with Neurocognitive Deficits?
This paper examines the correlations between ‘Theory of Mind’ (ToM) and neurocognitive performance, together with clinical and social functioning, in out-patients with schizophrenic disorders. It was hypothesised that, since the ability to make inferences about the environment and about other peoples’ mental states is a key ingredient of social competence, the assessment of ToM would correlate more strongly with current social functioning than with more traditional neurocognitive measures. ‘Independent raters’ assessed Theory of Mind, neurocognitive and clinical variables as well as community functioning in 44 subjects with schizophrenia. The neuropsychological measures were more closely associated with community functioning than with psychiatric symptoms. These associations remained evident when the effects of intelligence were controlled. Patients with a higher level of competence in making social inferences had better overall community functioning than those who showed less ability in this aspect of social cognition. In a regression model, the capacity to comprehend other people’s mental states (ToM-2) was among the best predictors of global social functioning, together with recent onset of illness, good verbal fluency and low levels of negative and positive symptoms. These results are consistent with other recent findings. ToM measures of social cognition may be a useful addition to neuropsychological assessment when developing programmes for reducing clinical impairments and improving the community functioning of subjects with schizophrenic disorders. Further studies are needed to verify the value of these measures as predictors of the successful application of specific psychosocial rehabilitation strategies.
Journal Article
The Questionnaire of Family Functioning: A Preliminary Validation of a Standardized Instrument to Evaluate Psychoeducational Family Treatments
The aim of the study was to develop and preliminarily validate a self-completed questionnaire that could help in the assessment of families before and during psycho-educational interventions. The questionnaire was developed according to the cognitive-behavioural psycho-educational model. From an initial 38-item version of the questionnaire, a final shorter 24-item version was derived. The validation study of the final version was conducted on relatives of schizophrenic and schizoaffective patients: 31 for the test-retest reliability study and 92 for the confirmation of the subscales and convergent validity study vs. SF-36 and the questionnaire on Family Problems, PF. The final questionnaire showed good psychometric properties. The three-core dimensions of Problem-Solving, Communication Skills, and Personal Goals were clearly outlined in the items correlation analysis. The association with family burden and health-related quality of life was as expected. The FF provides a promising assessment of the family functioning pattern that is the object of psychoeducational family interventions. Further studies are needed to confirm the validity of the instrument, that could be helpful both in planning and in monitoring psycho-educational interventions and in mental health promotion projects.
Journal Article
Antipsychotic Drugs
Sorry, there is no abstract. Read the first few lines of the text instead! One of the great conundrums in modern medicine is how to target medicines so that they exert the maximum benefits in assisting the body to recover fully and stably from illnesses without contributing to added impairment or disability. This problem is increased when the drugs under question have a potent effect on the control of distressing symptoms of major disorders. The case of antipsychotic medicine for schizophrenic disorders highlights such difficulties for the clinician. There is overwhelming evidence from double-blind controlled trials that the pharmacotherapy for acute psychotic episodes as well as the prevention of subsequent episodes is extremely beneficial, has low mortality and relatively low morbidity [1]. However, as with most treatments, it is also very clear that not every person diagnosed with these syndromes benefits equally, and that a substantial percentage show minimal if any benefit [2]. This latter group may be divided into two subgroups: (A) those cases who recover from a psychotic disorder without any pharmacotherapy, and (B) those in whom psychotic symptoms persist despite the best efforts to provide optimal pharmacotherapy. Epidemiological studies indicate that this first group varies from 5 to 60%, with an overall average of around 25% [2, 3]. Remarkably this proportion has remained fairly constant for over 100 years, with variability being attributed more to social than to medical factors [2,3,4]. The second group of medication-resistant cases would appear to have benefited from recent developments in pharmacotherapy, especially the wider use of clozapine, which has been considered to have benefits for up to one third of this group, thereby reducing the proportion from around 30 to 20%. Thus, it may be concluded that about half the cases of schizophrenic disorders benefit clinically from optimal pharmacotherapy. Such a conclusion may seem pessimistic, but it should be noted that compared with pharmacotherapy in other branches of medicine, this is an extremely high rate of benefit. It is estimated that most highly successful medical treatments have specific benefits for around one third of cases. Copyright © 2006 S. Karger AG, Basel
Journal Article
Caregivers' Stresses When Living Together or Apart from Patients with Chronic Schizophrenia
Ratings of stress and burden and mental symptoms which were screened by the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) caseness were collected from two types of primary caregivers either living with (n = 37) or separately from (n = 48) a patient with a chronic schizophrenic disorder. The stress levels and burden of caregivers living apart were similar to those who were living together with patients and around 25 percent of both groups met GHQ criterion for having a mental disorder. Multiple regression analyses of all subjects identified stress with the patient's disorder and strain in their own marital relationships as most predictive of their subjective global stress ratings. These results suggest that mental health services should aim to assist key caregivers of people with chronic schizophrenic disorders to manage stress whether or not the patient lives in the same household as the caregiver.
Journal Article
Family Management in the Prevention of Exacerbations of Schizophrenia
Environmental stress has been implicated as an important factor in the relapse of schizophrenic patients receiving optimal drug therapy. In a randomized controlled study, we compared at-home family therapy with clinic-based individual supportive care in the community management of schizophrenia in 36 patients taking neuroleptic maintenance medications. The family-treatment approach sought to enhance the stress-reducing capacity of the patient and his or her family through improved understanding of the illness and training in behavioral methods of problem solving. The results at the end of nine months revealed the superiority of this approach in preventing major symptomatic exacerbations. Only one family-treated patient (6 per cent of all patients) was judged to have had a clinical relapse, as compared with eight patients (44 per cent) treated individually. Family-treated patients averaged 0.83 days in the hospital, as compared with 8.39 days for the comparison group. Significantly lower levels of schizophrenic symptomatology on blind rating-scale assessments supported these clinical observations of the superiority of family management. (N Engl J Med. 1982; 306:1437–40.)
MAINTENANCE on neuroleptic medications has been amply demonstrated to reduce the incidence of psychiatric hospitalization during the first year after a florid episode of schizophrenia.
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So dramatic is this finding that some investigators have attributed most relapses to poor compliance with medication regimens.
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Recent controlled studies, however, have shown that even when compliance has been guaranteed by parenteral administration of medication, relapse has still occurred in a third or more of patients in the first year of outpatient after-care treatment.
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This observation has contributed to a resurgence of interest in the impact of psychosocial factors on the course of schizophrenia. . . .
Journal Article
Early intervention for schizophrenic disorders
Background Early detection and intervention in schizophrenic disorders is an important challenge for psychiatry.Method Review of literature on effective biomedical and psychosocial intervention strategies.Results Comprehensive programmes of drug and psychosocial interventions with adults who show early signs and symptoms of schizophrenic disorders may contribute to a lower incidence and prevalence of major episodes of schizophrenia. These programmes combine early detection of psychotic features by primary care services, with close liaison with mental health professionals. Long-term monitoring of signs of recurrence, with further intervention, appears essential to maintain these benefits.Conclusions Field trials demonstrate that effective early treatment strategies can be routinely applied in clinical practice.
Journal Article
The Stress of Caring for People with Obsessive Compulsive Disorders
This paper presents a survey of stress of key carers of 46 consecutive cases of chronic obsessive-compulsive disorders who were receiving combined drug and cognitive-behavioral therapy in an out-patient clinic. A reliable semi-structured interview was used to estimate the overall stresses in various aspects of life. The effects of the disorder were most commonly expressed by carers in their marital relationship and in home management. Twenty-eight percent were severely burdened by their carer role, and 35% were extremely distressed at the prospect of ongoing care provision. Caregivers require support, and may be considered to be consumers of mental health services themselves.
Journal Article