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Inefficient tumour treatment approaches often cause fatal tumour metastases. Here, we report a biomimetic multifunctional nanoplatform explicitly engineered with a Co-based metal organic framework polydopamine heterostructure (MOF-PDA), anethole trithione (ADT), and a macrophage membrane. Co-MOF degradation in the tumour microenvironment releases Co 2+ , which results in the downregulation of HSP90 expression and the inhibition of cellular heat resistance, thereby improving the photothermal therapy effect of PDA. H 2 S secretion after the enzymatic hydrolysis of ADT leads to high-concentration gas therapy. Moreover, ADT changes the balance between nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide/flavin adenine dinucleotide (NADH/FAD) during tumour glycolysis. ATP synthesis is limited by NADH consumption, which triggers a certain degree of tumour growth inhibition and results in starvation therapy. Potentiated 2D/3D autofluorescence imaging of NADH/FAD is also achieved in liquid nitrogen and employed to efficiently monitor tumour therapy. The developed biomimetic nanoplatform provides an approach to treat orthotopic tumours and inhibit metastasis. Metal organic frameworks (MOF) coated with mammalian cell membranes have good biocompatibility. Here, the authors develop a cobalt based hydrogen sulphide producing MOF cloaked with a macrophage membrane and show that the subsequent system can reduce tumour growth in mice.

Long-term consumption of a Western diet is a major cause of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the effects of diet on pancreatic structure and function remain unclear. Rats fed a high-fat, high-fructose (HFHF) diet were compared with rats fed a normal diet for 3 and 18 months. Plasma biochemical parameters and inflammatory factors were used to reflect metabolic profile and inflammatory status. The rats developed metabolic disorders, and the size of the islets in the pancreas increased after 3 months of HFHF treatment but decreased and became irregular after 18 months. Fasting insulin, C-peptide, proinsulin, and intact proinsulin levels were significantly higher in the HFHF group than those in the age-matched controls. Plasmatic oxidative parameters and nucleic acid oxidation markers (8-oxo-Gsn and 8-oxo-dGsn) became elevated before inflammatory factors, suggesting that the HFHF diet increased the degree of oxidative stress before affecting inflammation. Single-cell RNA sequencing also verified that the transcriptional level of oxidoreductase changed differently in islet subpopulations with aging and long-term HFHF diet. We demonstrated that long-term HFHF diet and aging-associated structural and transcriptomic changes that underlie pancreatic islet functional decay is a possible underlying mechanism of T2DM, and our study could provide new insights to prevent the development of diet-induced T2DM.

As an age-related syndrome, frailty may play a central role in poor health among older adults. Sarcopenia overlaps with the physical domain of frailty, and most existing studies have analyzed the associated factors of frailty and sarcopenia as an isolated state. Perturbations in metabolism may play an important role in the presence of frailty or sarcopenia; however, the metabolites associated with frailty, especially overlapping with sarcopenia remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to explore whether amino acids, carnitines, acylcarnitines and lysophosphatidylcholines, as specific panels, are significantly correlated with frailty, especially overlapping with sarcopenia, to gain insight into potential biomarkers and possible biological mechanisms and to facilitate their management. We applied a targeted high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry approach in serum samples from 246 Chinese older men (age 79.2 ± 7.8 years) with frailty ( = 150), non-frailty ( = 96), frailty and sarcopenia ( = 52), non-frail and non-sarcopenic control ( = 85). Frailty was evaluated using Freid phenotype criteria, sarcopenia was defined by diagnostic algorithm of Asian Working Group on Sarcopenia, and the participants were diagnosed as frailty and sarcopenia when they met the evaluation criteria of both frailty and sarcopenia. A panel of 29 metabolomic profiles was assayed and included different classes of amino acids, carnitines, acylcarnitines, and lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs). Multivariate logistic regression was used to screen the metabolic factors contributing to frailty status, and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis was used to explore important factors and distinguish different groups. In older men demonstrating the frail phenotype, amino acid perturbations included lower tryptophan and higher glycine levels. With regard to lipid metabolism, the frailty phenotype was characterized by lower concentrations of isovalerylcarnitine (C5), LPC16:0 and LPC18:2, while higher levels of octanoyl-L-carnitine (C8), decanoyl-L-carnitine (C10), dodecanoyl-L-carnitine (C12) and tetradecanoyl-L-carnitine (C14). After adjusting for several clinical confounders, tryptophan, LPC18:2, LPC 16:0 and C5 were negatively correlated with frailty, and C8 and C12 were positively related to frailty. We preliminarily identified metabolic profiles (LPC16:0, LPC18:2, glycine and tryptophan) that may distinguish older men with frailty from those without frailty. Importantly, a set of serum amino acids and LPCs (LPC16:0, LPC18:2, and tryptophan) was characterized in the metabotype of older adults with an overlap of frailty and sarcopenia. The metabolites that were most discriminating of frailty status implied that the underlying mechanism might be involved in antioxidation and mitochondrial dysfunction. These present metabolic analyses may provide valuable information on the potential biomarkers and possible biological mechanisms of frailty, and overlapping sarcopenia. The findings obtained may offer insight into their management in older adults.

Considering the demanding of grid requirements for high-Reynolds-number wall-bounded flow, the wall-modeled large-eddy simulation (WMLES) is an attractive method to deal with near wall turbulence. However, the effect of subgrid-scale (SGS) models for wall-bounded turbulent flow in combination with wall stress models is still unclear. In this paper, turbulent channel flow at Re τ =1 000 are numerically simulated by WMLES in conjunction with four different SGS models, i.e., the wall-adapting local eddy-viscosity model, the dynamic Smagorinsky model, the dynamic SGS kinetic energy model and the dynamic Lagrangian model. The mean velocity profiles are compared with the law of the wall, and the velocity fluctuations are compared with direct numerical simulation data. The energy spectrum of velocity and wall pressure fluctuations are presented and the role of SGS models on predicting turbulent channel flow with WMLES is discussed.

Aim： To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the current evidence available regarding the promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis （PBCRBS） therapy for Chinese patients with acute intracerebral hemorrhage （ICH）. Methods： Six databases were searched from their inception to November 2013. The studies assessed in ≥4 domains with ＇yes＇ were selected for detailed assessment and meta-analysis. The herbal compositions for PBCRBS therapy for acute ICH patients were also assessed. Results： From the 6 databases, 292 studies claimed randomized-controlled clinical trials （RCTs）. Nine studies with 798 individuals were assessed in ≥4 domains with ＇yes＇ by using the Cochrane RoB tool. Meta-analysis showed that PBCRBS monotherapy and adjuvant therapy for acute ICH could improve the neurological function deficit, reduce the volume of hematoma and perihematomal edema, and lower the mortality rate and dependency. Moreover, there were fewer adverse effects when compared with Western conventional medication controls. Xueshuantong Injection and Fufang Danshen Injection, Buyang Huanwu Decoction and Liangxue Tongyu formula, and three herbs （danshen root, sanqi and leech） were the most commonly used Chinese herbal patent injections, herbal prescriptions and single herbs, respectively. Conclusion： Despite the apparently positive findings, it is premature to conclude that there is sufficient efficacy and safety of PBCRBS for ICH because of the high clinical heterogeneity of the included studies and small number of trials in the meta-analysis. Further large sample-sizes and rigorously designed RCTs are needed.

INTRODUCTION Congenital vascular rings （VRs） are a group of rare cardiovascular anomalies that result from abnormal embryonic development of the paired aortic arches or branching pulmonary arteries. Clinical presentation of VR depends on its anatomy, degree, and site of compression.

The softening and melting behavior of sinter, pellet and mixed burden was researched through high temperature reaction tests under load simulating traditional blast furnace (T-BF) and oxygen blast furnace (OBF) conditions. The results indicated that compared with T-BF, the softening zone of sinter and pellet became wide, but the melting zone became narrow in OBF. The permeabilities of both sinter and pellet were improved in OBF. Under the condition of OBF, the temperature of softening zone of mixed burden was increased by 63 K, but the temperature of melting zone was decreased by 76 K. Therefore, the permeability of material layer was significantly improved. This was mainly caused by the change of the melting behavior of pellet. In addition, the quality of dripping iron in OBF was much better than that of T-BF.

The current two-dimensional (2-D) parameters for surface assessment (Ra and Pc) could not actually reflect functional properties of bearing and lubricant retention capabilities of steel sheets and rolls surface. Based on ARM9 development board, this paper has been working on secondary development of M1 mobile surface roughness meter, creating a model of calculating three-dimensional (3-D) functional characteristic parameters with 2-D profiles, and optimizing influence factors with Genetic Algorithms (GA). By comparing with measurement results by white-light interfering profile meter, the measurement error of the developed system is within10%, which was proved to be practical in the factory.

Objective： To discuss the effectiveness and safety of swift needling with fire needle plus medication in treating herpes zoster and the change of substance P. Methods： Seventy-nine patients with herpes zoster were selected and randomized into a fire-acupuncture group （41 cases） and a Western- medication group （38 cases）. The fire-acupuncture group was intervened by swift needling with fire needle, and simultaneously prescribed with Valaciclovir Hydrochloride tablets and Vitamin B1; the Western-medication group was by the same oral medicines alone. The therapeutic efficacies were evaluated afterwards. Results： The total effective rate was 95.1% in the fire-acupuncture group versus 89.5% in the Western-medication group, and the difference was statistically significant （P〈0.05）. After treatment, the concentration of substance P and visual analogue scale （VAS） score dropped significantly in both groups （both P〈0.05）; the inter-group differences were statistically significant （both P〈0.05）. Conclusion： Swift needling with fire needle plus medication has better therapeutic efficacy than medication alone in treating herpes zoster.