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This study establishes a novel Bio-Cultural Heritage Design Framework that integrates grounded theory and biomechanics to address the sustainable development of traditional crafts in the digital era. Using Chaozhou woodcarving as a case study, we constructed a hierarchical demand system through a three-stage coding analysis of 1,250 online reviews, 381 survey responses, and expert interviews, identifying biomechanical utility (A1, 40% weight) as the dominant factor. Key sub-criteria—ergonomic compatibility (C12, 0.21 weight), material durability (e.g., nanmu wood with elastic modulus ≥8 GPa), and structural stability (C22, 0.15 weight)—were translated into AI design constraints via Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). AI-generated prototypes (e.g., Sample 15, score 4.53/5) demonstrated superior biomechanical performance, validated by finite element analysis (stress distribution <10 MPa) and user evaluations, outperforming traditional designs by 40–47%. This framework bridges cultural authenticity with scientific rigor, offering actionable strategies to optimize functional reliability while preserving heritage aesthetics, thereby addressing the critical challenge of balancing craft preservation with modern market demands.

Analytical models interpreting aquifer pumping test data often rely on water table kinematic conditions that assume instantaneous gravity drainage, leading to underestimation of specific yield during the drainage process. This study derives a new water table condition based on a coupled saturated‐unsaturated flow model that fully accounts for both unsaturated and saturated flow dynamics. The new condition incorporates the hydraulic properties of the unsaturated zone, providing a more accurate representation of physical processes while maintaining mathematical tractability. Applied to a groundwater flow model for a pumping problem, the drawdown solution is derived using integral transformations. The proposed model is validated using field data from a series of pumping tests at the Boise Hydrogeophysical Research Site in Idaho. The results demonstrate that the new water table condition provides more reliable estimates of specific yield, effectively addressing the underestimation issue associated with existing models. Moreover, the model requires no additional empirical parameters, making it a practical tool for characterizing unconfined aquifer properties. Plain Language Summary Hydrologists study how groundwater moves and how much water underground layers, called aquifers, can hold. Existing models often rely on assumptions that may lead to underestimations of accessible groundwater. This study offers a new approach to describe the flow dynamic at the water table, taking into account unsaturated conditions in the soil. We tested this method using real data from a groundwater study in Boise, Idaho, and found it provides more accurate estimates of how much water an aquifer can release. This approach can help hydrologists better understand and manage groundwater resources. Key Points New water table condition includes unsaturated flow for better accuracy New model gives more accurate specific yield estimates, avoiding underestimation The model works well with real data and needs no extra empirical parameters

The Yellowstone supervolcano is one of the largest active continental silicic volcanic fields in the world. An understanding of its properties is key to enhancing our knowledge of volcanic mechanisms and corresponding risk. Using a joint local and teleseismic earthquake P-wave seismic inversion, we revealed a basaltic lower-crustal magma body that provides a magmatic link between the Yellowstone mantle plume and the previously imaged upper-crustal magma reservoir. This lower-crustal magma body has a volume of 46,000 cubic kilometers, ∼4.5 times that of the upper-crustal magma reservoir, and contains a melt fraction of ∼2%. These estimates are critical to understanding the evolution of bimodal basaltic-rhyolitic volcanism, explaining the magnitude of CO2 discharge, and constraining dynamic models of the magmatic system for volcanic hazard assessment.

Cisplatin-based chemotherapy is the first line treatment for several cancers including bladder cancer (BC). Autophagy induction has been implied to contribute to cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer; and a high basal level of autophagy has been demonstrated in human bladder tumors. Therefore, it is reasonable to speculate that autophagy may account for the failure of cisplatin single treatment in BC. This study investigated whether cisplatin induces autophagy and the mechanism involved using human BC cell lines. Human BC cells (5637 and T24) were used in this study. Cell viability was detected using water soluble tetrazolium-8 reagents. Autophagy induction was detected by monitoring the levels of light chain 3 (LC3)-II and p62 by Western blot, LC3-positive puncta formation by immunofluorescence, and direct observation of the autophagolysosome (AL) formation by transmission electron microscopy. Inhibitors including bafilomycin A1 (Baf A1), chloroquine (CQ), and shRNA-based lentivirus against autophagy-related genes (ATG7 and ATG12) were utilized. Apoptosis level was detected by caspase 3/7 activity and DNA fragmentation. Cisplatin decreased cell viability and induced apoptosis of 5637 and T24 cells in a dose-and time-dependent manner. The increased LC3-II accumulation, p62 clearance, the number of LC3-positive puncta, and ALs in cisplatin-treated cells suggested that cisplatin indeed induces autophagy. Inhibition of cisplatin-induced autophagy using Baf A1, CQ, or ATG7/ATG12 shRNAs significantly enhanced cytotoxicity of cisplatin toward BC cells. These results indicated that cisplatin induced protective autophagy which may contribute to the development of cisplatin resistance and resulted in treatment failure. Mechanistically, upregulation of beclin-1 (BECN1) was detected in cisplatin-treated cells, and knockdown of BECN1 using shRNA attenuated cisplatin-induced autophagy and subsequently enhanced cisplatin-induced apoptosis. Collectively, the study results indicated that cisplatin-induced autophagy is mediated by BECN1 in BC cells. Therefore, combinative treatment using cisplatin and autophagy inhibitors could potentially overcome cisplatin resistance related to autophagy induction.

Acute type A aortic dissection (AAAD) has a high probability of postoperative adverse outcomes (PAO) after emergency surgery, so exploring the risk factors for PAO during hospitalization is key to reducing postoperative mortality and improving prognosis. An artificial intelligence approach was used to build a predictive model of PAO by clinical data‐driven machine learning to predict the incidence of PAO after total arch repair for AAAD. This study included 380 patients with AAAD. The clinical features that are associated with PAO were selected using the LASSO regression analysis. Six different machine learning algorithms were tried for modeling, and the performance of each model was analyzed comprehensively using receiver operating characteristic curves, calibration curve, precision recall curve, and decision analysis curves. Explain the optimal model through Shapley Additive Explanation (SHAP) and perform an individualized risk assessment. After comprehensive analysis, the authors believe that the extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) model is the optimal model, with better performance than other models. The authors successfully built a prediction model for PAO in AAAD patients based on the XGBoost algorithm and interpreted the model with the SHAP method, which helps to identify high‐risk AAAD patients at an early stage and to adjust individual patient‐related clinical treatment plans in a timely manner.

China has made substantial progress in healthcare delivery to reduce the burden of non-communicable diseases due to population ageing, although challenges and opportunities in long term care services have been under-recognised, argue Xiaoming Shi and colleagues

The ability of superhydrophobic surfaces to stay dry, self-clean and avoid biofouling is attractive for applications in biotechnology, medicine and heat transfer 1 – 10 . Water droplets that contact these surfaces must have large apparent contact angles (greater than 150 degrees) and small roll-off angles (less than 10 degrees). This can be realized for surfaces that have low-surface-energy chemistry and micro- or nanoscale surface roughness, minimizing contact between the liquid and the solid surface 11 – 17 . However, rough surfaces—for which only a small fraction of the overall area is in contact with the liquid—experience high local pressures under mechanical load, making them fragile and highly susceptible to abrasion 18 . Additionally, abrasion exposes underlying materials and may change the local nature of the surface from hydrophobic to hydrophilic 19 , resulting in the pinning of water droplets to the surface. It has therefore been assumed that mechanical robustness and water repellency are mutually exclusive surface properties. Here we show that robust superhydrophobicity can be realized by structuring surfaces at two different length scales, with a nanostructure design to provide water repellency and a microstructure design to provide durability. The microstructure is an interconnected surface frame containing ‘pockets’ that house highly water-repellent and mechanically fragile nanostructures. This surface frame acts as ‘armour’, preventing the removal of the nanostructures by abradants that are larger than the frame size. We apply this strategy to various substrates—including silicon, ceramic, metal and transparent glass—and show that the water repellency of the resulting superhydrophobic surfaces is preserved even after abrasion by sandpaper and by a sharp steel blade. We suggest that this transparent, mechanically robust, self-cleaning glass could help to negate the dust-contamination issue that leads to a loss of efficiency in solar cells. Our design strategy could also guide the development of other materials that need to retain effective self-cleaning, anti-fouling or heat-transfer abilities in harsh operating environments. Water-repellent nanostructures are housed within an interconnected microstructure frame to yield mechanically robust superhydrophobic surfaces.

Earthquakes in continental regions overwhelmingly occur in the crust where low pressure and temperature promote brittle failure in response to tectonic stress. In rare cases, primarily in the thickened lithosphere near the Himalayas and Tibet, continental earthquakes occur in the uppermost mantle, perhaps implying an abnormally deep brittle‐ductile transition zone created by relatively low temperatures (≲600°C) and the increased strength of olivine‐rich mantle rocks. Here we present evidence for nine mantle earthquakes—only four of which were previously recognized—along the edge of the Wyoming Craton in the western U.S. Eight of the nine earthquakes occurred >15 km beneath the Moho where temperatures are likely above 700°C. We infer a mixture of brittle and ductile (thermal runaway) source processes facilitated by elevated strain rates from regional or edge‐driven mantle convection, which is thought to be a primary force behind crustal seismicity in the Intermountain West. Plain Language Summary Continental earthquakes typically occur in the uppermost 10 km of the crust. In rare cases, they can occur deeper in the uppermost mantle. The Intermountain West of the U.S. provides convincing evidence of intraplate upper mantle seismicity on the edge of the ancient Wyoming Craton in Utah and Wyoming, a portion of the stable interior of the North American continent. We present the most up to date map of upper mantle seismicity—nine confirmed events in total—beneath the Wyoming Craton through verification of earthquake depths and comparisons to crustal thickness. We find that these earthquakes are likely occurring in ductile mantle material at temperatures exceeding 700°C and are located in areas exhibiting rapid changes in lithospheric thickness. These earthquakes are likely facilitated by regional or localized mantle convective forces interacting with complex lithospheric structure, which is suspected to be a leading cause of crustal seismicity in the Intermountain West. Key Points We document the occurrence of nine small earthquakes in the upper mantle beneath Wyoming and Utah between 1979 and 2023 The earthquakes occurred along the western edge of the Wyoming Craton at relatively high temperatures (>700°C) Brittle and ductile (thermal runaway) source processes are likely facilitated by relatively high strain rates from mantle convection

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive age-related neurodegenerative disease characterized by memory loss and cognitive impairment. The major characteristics of AD are amyloid β plaques, apoptosis, autophagy dysfunction, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. These are mostly used as the significant indicators for selecting the effects of potential drugs. It is imperative to explain AD pathogenesis and realize productive treatments. Although the currently used chemical drugs for clinical applications of AD are effective in managing the symptoms, they are inadequate to achieve anticipated preventive or therapeutic outcomes. There are new strategies for treating AD. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has accumulated thousands of years of experience in treating dementia. Nowadays, numerous modern pharmacological studies have verified the efficacy of many bioactive ingredients isolated from TCM for AD treatment. In this review, representative TCM for the treatment of AD are discussed, and among these herbal medicines, the Lamiaceae family accounts for the highest proportion. It is concluded that monomers and extracts from TCM have potential therapeutic effect for AD treatment.

We apply ambient noise tomography to a seismic array from the Trans‐Haiti project to obtain a 2‐D shear wave velocity (Vs) across Haiti. We perform multi‐component noise cross‐correlation, measure Rayleigh wave phase velocity and its horizontal‐to‐vertical amplitude ratio (H/V) between periods of 3–18 s, and jointly invert both measurements into Vs for the crustal structures of Haiti. Both H/V and phase velocity measurements exhibit consistent patterns related to the geologic units. Sedimentary basins—CSE and Plateau Central basins—show higher H/V values, while mountain areas—Massif de la Selle, Chaine des Matheux, Montagnes Noires and Massif de Nord—exhibit lower H/V. Regarding phase velocity, higher velocities are observed in northern and southern Haiti, likely reflecting the thinner crust compared to the thicker crust showing lower velocities in the central part. While our Vs model is consistent with previous model that suggested thinner crustal thickness in the northern and southern Haiti, with thickening in the center, the Moho interface in the central domain might be shallower than previously thought. Plain Language Summary Seismic hazards have threatened Hispaniola Island throughout human history, particularly Haiti which has experienced catastrophic earthquakes in recent years. However, the crustal structures responsible for the strong seismic shaking during these large earthquakes remain enigmatic. Therefore, in this study, we utilize ambient noise signals recorded by seismometers to decipher the detailed crustal structures in terms of seismic velocity. The seismic velocity results show that the crustal thickness in the central part of the island might be thinner than previously thought. Additionally, we observe low velocities beneath sedimentary basins, which shows consistent patterns with the geological observations and results from local earthquake tomography. These findings provide valuable and fundamental information for further assessment of seismic hazards in the Haiti area. Key Points We present a 2‐D shear wave velocity model across western Hispaniola Island (Haiti) by joint inversion of Rayleigh wave velocity and H/V Our measured H/V ratios, Rayleigh wave velocities, and shear wave velocity model show consistent patterns with the geological units The crustal thickness in central Haiti could be thinner than previously estimated from receiver function analysis