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Halide perovskites have shown promising potential for direct X-ray detection due to their high X-ray absorption coefficient, low trap states and convenient fabrication process. However, it is still a challenge to achieve high sensitivity, low dark current and low detection limit in a single material. The deep reason for this is the trade-off between the material’s μτ product and resistivity. Here we report the construction of an organic–inorganic hybrid anti-perovskite ((2-Habch) 3 Cl(PtI 6 )) with indirect transition and low orbital symmetry at the band edge to achieve an ultralong intrinsic lifetime and thus break the trade-off. (2-Habch) 3 Cl(PtI 6 ) achieves an unprecedented long carrier lifetime of >3 ms, leading to a large μτ product of 6.25 × 10 −3  cm 2  V −1 and high resistivity of 10 12  Ω cm, outperforming most X-ray detection materials. These properties enabled the development of X-ray detectors that simultaneously achieve an ultralow dark current of 0.21 nA cm −2 , high sensitivity of 1.0 × 10 4  µC Gy air −1  cm −2 , ultralow detection limit of 2.4 nGy air  s −1 and excellent operational stability with no observable baseline drift, outperforming state-of-the-art perovskite single-crystal detectors. The rare combination of high performance in almost every figure of merit in the anti-perovskite-based X-ray detector could enable new-generation X-ray detection systems. The researchers synthesize organic–inorganic hybrid inverse perovskites that exhibit excellent carrier lifetime and mobility–lifetime product and high resistivity, enabling stable X-ray detectors with performance arguably outperforming state-of-the-art perovskite single-crystal detectors.

Background：In small fiber neuropathy （SFN）,thinly myelinated Aδ and unmyelinated C fibers are primarily affected,resulting in sensory and/or autonomic symptoms.Various etiologies have been shown to be associated with SFN.This study was aimed to analyze a variety of features in peripheral neuropathy （PN） with small fiber involvement.and to compare disease severity among patients with idiopathic PN,PN associated with impaired glucose tolerance （IGT）,and metabolic syndrome （MS） PN.Methods：Thirty-eight PN patients with small fiber involvement were enrolled from December 20,2013 to May 31,2016.Patients were divided into idiopathic PN,IGT-related PN,and MS-related PN groups.Detailed medical history and small fiber neuropathy were investigated,and symptom inventory questionnaire was conducted,as well as the visual analog scale.Nerve conduction studies and skin biopsies were also performed.The differences among the groups were analyzed using analysis of variance and Kruskal-Wallis test.Results：Eight patients were diagnosed with pure SFN.lntraepidermal nerve fiber density （I ENFD） weakly correlated with motor conduction velocity （MCV） （r =0.372,P =0.025）,and proximal （r =0.383,P =0.021） and distal （r =0.358,P 0.032） compound muscle action potential （CMAP） of the tibial nerve.IENFD also weakly correlated with MCV of the peroneal nerve （r=0.399,P =0.016）.IENFD was shown to be significantly different among all groups （x2 =9.901,P-0.007）.IENFD was significantly decreased （x2 =23.000,P=0.003） in the MS-related PN group compared to the idiopathic PN group.The MCV of the tibial nerve was significantly different among all groups （x2 =8.172,P 〈 0.017）.The proximal （F =4.336,P =0.021） and distal （F =3.262,P =0.049） CMAP of the tibial nerve was also significantly different among all groups.Conclusions：IENFD of patients included in the present study weakly correlated with various electrophysiological parameters.Small and large fibers are more involved in patients with MS-related PN than in patients with idiopathic PN.

Aim： To investigate the antiproliferative effect of triptolide on B-NHL cell line Raji cells, to study its effect on lymph node metastasis in patients with non-Hodgkin＇s lymphoma （NHL） in vitro, and to explore the underlying mechanism regulating SDF-1/CXCR4 axis. Methods： The effects of triptolide on the growth of Raji cells were studied by 3-（4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl）-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium （MTT） assay. The effects of triptolide on SDF-1 mRNA expression in lymph node stromal cells from patients with NHL were determined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR）. The effects of triptolide on CXCR4 expression on lym- phoma cells freshly isolated from the lymph nodes of these patients were studied by flow cytometric analysis. Chemotaxis assays were performed to observe the effects of triptolide on migration of primary lymphoma cells towards recombinant human SDF-1α （rhSDF-1α） or cultured lymph node stromal cells in vitro. Results： Triptolide inhibited the proliferation of B-NHL cell line Raji cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner with a 24-h IC50 value of 43.06 nmol/L and a 36-h IC50 value of 25.08 nmol/L. The expression of SDF-1α mRNA in lymph node stromal cells obtained from patients with NHL was decreased after treatment by triptolide at concentrations of 25 and 50 nmol/L for 24 h. Flow cytometry analysis showed that the CXCR4 expression on primary lymphoma cells were downregulated gradually in a dose-dependent manner following triptolide treatment. Chemotaxis assays revealed that the migration of freshly isolated lymphoma cells towards either rhSDF-1 or cultured lymph node stromal cells was markedly inhibited by the addition of triptolide in vitro, and the inhibition was dose-dependent. Conclusion： Triptolide can inhibit the proliferation of B-NHL cell line Raji cells. Moreover, triptolide is able to inhibit the migration of lymphoma cells via lymph nodes in vitro. The potential antitumor mechanisms of triptolide are related to the antiproliferative effect and the blockage of SDF-1/CXCR4 axis.

Novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is spreading rapidly, which poses great challenges to patients on maintenance hemodialysis. Here we report the clinical features of 66 hemodialysis patients with laboratory confirmed COVID-19 infection. Retrospective, single-center case series of the 66 hemodialysis patients with confirmed COVID-19 from 1 January to 5 March 2020; the final date of follow-up was 25 March 2020. The clinical data were collected from 66 hemodialysis patients with confirmed COVID-19. The incidence of COVID-19 in our center was 11.0% (66/602), of which 18 patients died. According to different prognosis, hemodialysis patients with COVID-19 were divided into the survival and death group. A higher incidence of fever and dyspnea was found in the death group compared with the survival group. Meanwhile, patients in the death group were often accompanied by higher white blood cell count, prolonged PT time, increased D-dimer (p < .05). More patients in the death group showed hepatocytes and cardiomyocytes damage. Furthermore, logistic regression analysis suggested that fever, dyspnea, and elevated D-dimer were independent risk factors for death in hemodialysis patients with COVID-19 (OR, 1.077; 95% CI, 1.014 to 1.439; p = .044; OR, 1.146; 95% CI, 1.026 to 1.875; p = .034, OR, 4.974; 95% CI, 3.315 to 6.263; p = .007, respectively). The potential risk factors of fever, dyspnea, and elevated D-dimer could help clinicians to identify hemodialysis patients with poor prognosis at an early stage of COVID-19 infection.

NOABSTRACTTo investigate the health service demands and to analyze influencing factors among elderly people based on a community survey in Guilin, China.A random sampling was used to investigate 366 elderly people in a community using a Health-Care-Needs questionnaire, which was designed by The Western Nursing Alliance research team in China. This survey was used to understand the basic situation, financial condition, health condition, self-care abilities, pension plan, and care services demands of the elderly residing at home. Additionally, this article analyzed the influencing factors contributing to the obtained results.The top 3 nursing needs were security needs (1.61 ± 0.45 points), health education needs (1.54 ± 0.57 points), and respect and self-development needs (1.13 ± 0.64 points). Logistic multifactor regression analysis showed that gender, monthly income, lack of exercise, activities of daily living (ADL) scores, methods of medical payment, and pension plan were independent factors affecting elderly nursing needs.The home-based health services supply for elders did not meet their needs. Therefore, a comprehensive approach considering multifactors such as gender, income, exercise, self-care ability, medical expense payments, and supporting preferences should be considered to address the complex needs of health care.

Repeated use of opioid analgesics may cause a paradoxically exacerbated pain known as opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH), which hinders effective clinical intervention for severe pain. Currently, little is known about the neural circuits underlying OIH modulation. Previous studies suggest that laterocapsular division of the central nucleus of amygdala (CeLC) is critically involved in the regulation of OIH. Our purpose is to clarify the role of the projections from infralimbic medial prefrontal cortex (IL) to CeLC in OIH. We first produced an OIH model by repeated fentanyl subcutaneous injection in male rats. Immunofluorescence staining revealed that c-Fos-positive neurons were significantly increased in the right CeLC in OIH rats than the saline controls. Then, we used calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIα (CaMKIIα) labeling and the patch-clamp recordings with ex vivo optogenetics to detect the functional projections from glutamate pyramidal neurons in IL to the CeLC. The synaptic transmission from IL to CeLC, shown in the excitatory postsynaptic currents (eEPSCs), inhibitory postsynaptic currents (eIPSCs) and paired-pulse ratio (PPR), was observably enhanced after fentanyl administration. Moreover, optogenetic activation of this IL-CeLC pathway decreased c-Fos expression in CeLC and ameliorated mechanical and thermal pain in OIH. On the contrary, silencing this pathway by chemogenetics exacerbated OIH by activating the CeLC. Combined with the electrophysiology results, the enhanced synaptic transmission from IL to CeLC might be a cortical gain of IL to relieve OIH rather than a reason for OIH generation. Scaling up IL outputs to CeLC may be an effective neuromodulation strategy to treat OIH.

Increasing grain zinc (Zn) concentration of cereals for minimizing Zn malnutrition in two billion people represents an important global humanitarian challenge. Grain Zn in field-grown wheat at the global scale ranges from 20.4 to 30.5 mg kg −1 , showing a solid gap to the biofortification target for human health (40 mg kg −1 ). Through a group of field experiments, we found that the low grain Zn was not closely linked to historical replacements of varieties during the Green Revolution, but greatly aggravated by phosphorus (P) overuse or insufficient nitrogen (N) application. We also conducted a total of 320-pair plots field experiments and found an average increase of 10.5 mg kg −1 by foliar Zn application. We conclude that an integrated strategy, including not only Zn-responsive genotypes, but of a similar importance, Zn application and field N and P management, are required to harvest more grain Zn and meanwhile ensure better yield in wheat-dominant areas.

Fertilizer-based biofortification is a strategy for combating worldwide malnutrition of zinc (Zn), iron (Fe) and selenium (Se). Field experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of foliar treatments on concentrations of Zn, Fe, Se, N and bioavailability of Zn and Fe in grains of three maize cultivars grown at three locations. We compared the efficacy of ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs), Zn complexed chitosan nanoparticles (Zn-CNPs), conventional ZnSO 4 and a cocktail solution (containing Zn, Fe and Se). All treatments were foliar-applied at rate of 452 mg Zn L –1 , plus urea. Applying ten-fold less Zn (at rate of 45.2 mg Zn L –1 ) plus urea in the form of ZnO-NPs, Zn-CNPs, or ZnSO 4 resulted in no increase, or a negligible increase, in grain Zn concentration compared with deionized water. By contrast, among the different Zn sources plus urea applied by foliar sprays, conventional ZnSO 4 was the most efficient in improving grain Zn concentration. Furthermore, foliar application of a cocktail solution effectively improved grain concentrations of Zn, Fe, Se and N simultaneously, without a grain yield trade-off. For example, the average grain concentrations were simultaneously increased from 13.8 to 22.1 mg kg –1 for Zn, from 17.2 to 22.1 mg kg –1 for Fe, from 21.4 to 413.5 ug kg –1 for Se and from 13.8 to 14.7 g kg –1 for N by foliar application of a cocktail solution. Because grain yield was significantly negatively correlated with grain nutrient concentrations, the magnitude of increase in grain concentrations of Zn and Fe was most pronounced in the maize cultivar with the lowest grain yield (Zhengdan958 grown in Linyi). Foliar application of a cocktail solution also significantly decreased the phytic acid (PA) concentration, ratios of PA/Fe and PA/Zn in grains, indicating an increased bioavailability of Fe and Zn for human health. In conclusion, we found that a foliar application of a cocktail solution including Zn, Fe, Se and N was most effective for biofortification, but that the grains with the lowest yield contained the greatest concentration of these elements. This finding highlights the need to breed maize varieties that are capable of achieving both high grain yield and high grain nutritional quality to address food security and human health challenges.

We construct and investigate an infrared-improved soft-wall AdS/QCD model for mesons. Both linear confinement and chiral symmetry breaking of low energy QCD are well characterized in such an infrared-improved soft-wall AdS/QCD model. The model enables us to obtain a more consistent numerical prediction for the mass spectra of resonance scalar, pseudoscalar, vector, and axial-vector mesons. In particular, the predicted mass for the lightest ground state scalar meson shows good agreement with the experimental data. The model also provides a remarkable check for the Gell-Mann–Oakes–Renner relation and a sensible result for the space-like pion form factor.

To study the effect and mechanism of selenium sources on the selenium content and quality of fresh tea leaves, tea seedlings (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) were the research object. A solution of 100 mg/L sodium selenate (Na2SeO4), sodium selenite (Na2SeO3), and selenium yeast (selenium yeast) were applied on the leaves surface of 5-week-old tea plants, and the selenium levels in the leaves, roots, and stems were determined at 20 weeks of age. The effects of different selenium sources on the mineral nutrient content, antioxidant enzyme activity, and quality parameters content in leaves were analyzed. The mechanism was analyzed by detecting the expression levels of related genes. The results showed that the three selenium sources can increase the growth of tea seedlings and the selenium content in leaves and stems, and the selenium yeast treatment had the most significant effect. Selenium spraying promoted the absorption of mineral nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, but had no significant impact on the absorption of calcium and magnesium. Spraying the three selenium sources dramatically increased the activities of APX, POD, and SOD antioxidant enzymes, among which the selenium yeast treatment had the most significant effect. However, there was no significant impact on the MDA level in this study. Selenium sources markedly increased leaves total amino acid levels, accompanied by up-regulation the genes of amino acid synthetic enzymes (CsGS, CsGOGAT, and CsGDH). Leaves glucose, tea polyphenol, total soluble protein, catechin, flavonoid contents, and sucrose were higher in selenium sources treatments than in control treatment seedlings. Moreover, selenium sources up-regulated expression of CsHMGR, CsAPX, and CsTCS1 genes. selenium yeast had the best comprehensive effect of the three selenium sources. These results confirmed that selenium sources play a positive role on the selenium content and quality of tea by increasing the antioxidant capacity of leaves, the absorption rate of mineral nutrients, and regulating expression of related genes in Camellia sinensis.