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Enhancing the luminescence property without sacrificing the charge collection is one key to high-performance organic solar cells (OSCs), while limited by the severe non-radiative charge recombination. Here, we demonstrate efficient OSCs with high luminescence via the design and synthesis of an asymmetric non-fullerene acceptor, BO-5Cl. Blending BO-5Cl with the PM6 donor leads to a record-high electroluminescence external quantum efficiency of 0.1%, which results in a low non-radiative voltage loss of 0.178 eV and a power conversion efficiency (PCE) over 15%. Importantly, incorporating BO-5Cl as the third component into a widely-studied donor:acceptor (D:A) blend, PM6:BO-4Cl, allows device displaying a high certified PCE of 18.2%. Our joint experimental and theoretical studies unveil that more diverse D:A interfacial conformations formed by asymmetric acceptor induce optimized blend interfacial energetics, which contributes to the improved device performance via balancing charge generation and recombination. High-performance organic solar cells call for novel designs of acceptor molecules. Here, He et al. design and synthesize a non-fullerene acceptor with an asymmetric structure for diverse donor:acceptor interfacial conformations and report a certificated power conversion efficiency of 18.2%.

To protect privacy, many users opt to encrypt images prior to outsourcing them to cloud service platforms (CSPs). However, this encryption process results in the loss of image features and subsequent inability to retrieve them. We propose an image encryption and retrieval algorithm, which ensures that privacy is not leaked in both the upload and retrieval stages. First, overcoming the insufficient security and degradation in chaotic systems, we introduce the time-varying functions, and unscented Kalman filter to improve the non-adjacent coupled map lattice complexity and security. Secondly, considering the encryption efficiency, we compress the plaintext image to reduce the time of the encryption phase and improve the overall encryption speed. Finally, we use the locally sensitive hash (LSH) for feature vector dimensionality reduction to improve the retrieval efficiency and perform a secondary LSH on the reduced feature vector to form a new hash-key retrieval structure in the generate index phase, which improves the retrieval efficiency. The experimental results prove that our proposed encryption algorithm can meet the image encryption algorithm's high retrieval accuracy and multi-user without revealing privacy.

Nowadays, convolutional neural network (CNN) is applied to JPEG steganalysis and performs better than traditional methods. However, almost all JPEG steganalysis methods utilize single-path structures, making it challenging to use the extracted noise residuals fully. On the other hand, most existing steganalysis detectors lack a focus on areas where secret information may be hidden. In this research, we present a steganalysis model with a dual-path network and improved coordinate attention to detect adaptive JPEG steganography, mainly including noise extraction, noise aggregation, and classification module. Especially, a dual-path network architecture simultaneously combining the advantages of both residual and dense connection is utilized to explore the hidden features in-depth while preserving the stego signal in the noise extraction module. Then, an improved coordinate attention mechanism is introduced into the noise aggregation module, which helps the network identify the complex texture area more quickly and extract more valuable features. We have verified the validity of some components through extensive ablation experiments with the necessary descriptions. Furthermore, we conducted comparative experiments on BOSSBase and BOWS2, and the experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model achieves the best detection performance compared with other start-of-the-art methods.

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of low-dose mycophenolate mofetil (MMF, 1,000 mg/day) treatment of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSDs). This study was a multicenter, open, prospective, follow-up clinical trial. The data include retrospective clinical data from the pretreatment phase and prospective data from the post-treatment phase. From September 2014 to February 2017, NMOSD patients seropositive for aquaporin 4-IgG (AQP4-IgG) were treated with low-dose MMF. Ninety NMOSD patients were treated with MMF for a median duration of 18 months (range 6-40 months). The median annual recurrence rate (ARR) decreased from 1.02 before treatment to 0 ( < 0.0001) after treatment, and the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score decreased from 4 to 3 ( < 0.0001). The EDSS score was significantly lower ( = 0.038) after the first 90 days of treatment. The serum AQP4-IgG titer decreased in 50 cases (63%). The median Simple McGill pain score (SF-MPQ) was reduced in 65 patients (88%) with myelitis from 17 (range 0-35) to 11 (range 0-34) after treatment ( < 0.0001). The median Hauser walking index (Hauser Walk Rating Scale) was reduced from 2 (range 1-9) before treatment to 1 (range 0-7) after treatment ( < 0.0001). Adverse events were documented in 43% of the patients, and eight patients discontinued MMF due to intolerable adverse events. Fourteen (16%) of the total patients discontinued MMF after our last follow-up for various reasons and switched to azathioprine or rituximab. Low-dose MMF reduced clinical relapse and disability in NMOSD patients in South China. However, some patients still suffered from adverse events at this dosage. www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier : NCT02809079.

Based on the linear theory of piezoelectricity, analyses of a few basic problems associated with the vibration of a rotating piezoelectric body are performed with applications in piezoelectric gyroscopes for measuring the angular rate of a rotating body. Thickness vibrations and propagating waves in an infinite piezoelectric plate rotating at a constant angular rate about its normal, and waves propagating over a rotating piezoelectric half-space are analyzed using the three-dimensional equations of piezoelectricity. The frequencies of the waves are determined, and rotation induced frequency shift is calculated. The dependence of the frequency shift on several physical and geometric parameters is examined. The rotation induced frequency shift can be used to detect the rotation rate. To model piezoelectric gyroscopes operating with the vibration modes of finite piezoelectric bodies, a few structural theories are developed from the three-dimensional equations of piezoelectricity. These include the zero-dimensional equations for a piezoelectric parallelepiped, the one-dimensional equations for a piezoelectric ring, and the one-dimensional equations for a piezoelectric beam bimorph. These equations can also be used to analyze piezoelectric devices other than gyroscopes. The equations for piezoelectric parallelepipeds, rings, bimorphs, and the two-dimensional equations of piezoelectric shells are used to analyze a ceramic plate gyroscope, a quartz plate gyroscope, a ceramic beam bimorph gyroscope, a ceramic ring gyroscope, and a ceramic shell gyroscope. These gyroscopes detect the rotation rate by electrical signals. The designs of some of these gyroscopes are original. Free and forced vibration solutions are obtained. Voltage and current sensitivities are calculated. The dependence of sensitivity on various parameters is studied. The vibration of a rotating piezoelectric body is a mechanics problem presented by new technology. The results of this research are fundamental to the understanding and design of piezoelectric gyroscopes.

Constructing graphene-based heterostructures with large interfacial area is an efficient approach to enhance the electrochemical performance of supercapacitors but remains great challenges in their synthesis. Herein, a novel ultra-small amorphous Fe 2 O 3 nanodots/graphene heterostructure (a-Fe 2 O 3 NDs/RGO) aerogel was facilely synthesized via excessive metal-ion-induced self-assembly and subsequent calcination route using Prussian blue/graphene oxide (PB/GO) composite aerogel as precursors. The deliberately designed a-Fe 2 O 3 NDs/RGO heterostructure offers a highly interconnected porous conductive network, large heterostructure interfacial area, and plenty of accessible active sites, greatly facilitating the electron transfer, electrolyte diffusion, and pseudocapacitive reactions. The obtained a-Fe 2 O 3 NDs/RGO aerogel could be used as flexible free-standing electrodes after mechanical compression, which exhibited a significantly enhanced specific capacitance of 347.4 F·g −1 at 1 A·g −1 , extraordinary rate capability of 184 F·g −1 at 10 A·g −1 , and decent cycling stability. With the as-prepared a-Fe 2 O 3 NDs/RGO as negative electrodes and the Co 3 O 4 NDs/RGO as positive electrodes, an all-solid-state asymmetric supercapacitor (a-Fe 2 O 3 NDs/RGO//Co 3 O 4 NDs/RGO asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC)) was assembled, which delivered a high specific capacitance of 69.1 F·g −1 at 1 A·g −1 and an impressive energy density of 21.6 W·h·kg −1 at 750 W·kg −1 , as well as good cycling stability with a capacity retention of 94.3% after 5,000 cycles. This work provides a promising avenue to design high-performance graphene-based composite electrodes and profound inspiration for developing advanced flexible energy-storage devices.

Single-cell analysis is a valuable tool for dissecting cellular heterogeneity in complex systems 1 . However, a comprehensive single-cell atlas has not been achieved for humans. Here we use single-cell mRNA sequencing to determine the cell-type composition of all major human organs and construct a scheme for the human cell landscape (HCL). We have uncovered a single-cell hierarchy for many tissues that have not been well characterized. We established a ‘single-cell HCL analysis’ pipeline that helps to define human cell identity. Finally, we performed a single-cell comparative analysis of landscapes from human and mouse to identify conserved genetic networks. We found that stem and progenitor cells exhibit strong transcriptomic stochasticity, whereas differentiated cells are more distinct. Our results provide a useful resource for the study of human biology. Single-cell RNA sequencing is used to generate a dataset covering all major human organs in both adult and fetal stages, enabling comparison with similar datasets for mouse tissues.

Waddington’s epigenetic landscape is a metaphor frequently used to illustrate cell differentiation. Recent advances in single-cell genomics are altering our understanding of the Waddington landscape, yet the molecular mechanisms of cell-fate decisions remain poorly understood. We constructed a cell landscape of mouse lineage differentiation during development at the single-cell level and described both lineage-common and lineage-specific regulatory programs during cell-type maturation. We also found lineage-common regulatory programs that are broadly active during the development of invertebrates and vertebrates. In particular, we identified Xbp1 as an evolutionarily conserved regulator of cell-fate determinations across different species. We demonstrated that Xbp1 transcriptional regulation is important for the stabilization of the gene-regulatory networks for a wide range of mouse cell types. Our results offer genetic and molecular insights into cellular gene-regulatory programs and will serve as a basis for further advancing the understanding of cell-fate decisions. Single-cell RNA-sequencing of seven mouse developmental stages identifies lineage-specific and shared regulatory programs controlling cell-fate decisions. Cross-species analysis associates differentiation potency with ribosomal protein gene expression.

Selenium, a crucial trace element for human health, plays a vital role in maintaining well-being. Its insufficiency can cause various diseases, highlighting the need for adequate selenium intake in daily diets. Honey, containing diverse selenium compounds, serves as a beneficial selenium supplement. By leveraging the distinctive physicochemical properties of honey, we employed reactive extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (EESI-MS) to rapidly analyze the presence of both organic selenium (selenomethionine) and inorganic selenium (sodium selenite) in diluted honey samples. We successfully identified selenomethionine (SeMet) and sodium selenite. Calibration curves constructed for SeMet and sodium selenite demonstrated excellent linear relationships within the concentration range of 0.5 to 50 µg/L. The limits of detection (LOD) for SeMet and sodium selenite were determined to be 2.94 µg/kg and 5.18 µg/kg, respectively, while the limits of quantification (LOQ) were 9.52 µg/kg and 17.4 µg/kg, respectively. Furthermore, spiked recoveries ranged from 90.6% to 105%. The average analysis time is 2 min. This study presents a precise, rapid, and convenient method for selenium determination in diluted honey. Given the limited sample size in this preliminary study, future research with larger cohorts is required to validate our findings.