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The Curcuma longa plant is endowed with multiple traditional and therapeutic utilities and is here explored for its phytochemical constituents and cytotoxic potential. Turmeric rhizomes were extracted from three different solvents and screened for the presence of different phytochemical constituents, observation of which indicated that the polar solvents favoured extraction of greater versatile phytochemical constituents. These extracts were investigated for their cytotoxic potential by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay on three different of cell lines including SCC-29B (oral cancer cell line), DU-145 (prostate cancer cell line) and the Vero cell line (healthy cell line/non-cancerous cell line). This assay was performed by taking three extracts from isolated curcuminoids and a pure bioactive compound bisdemethoxycurcumin (BD). Bisdemethoxycurcumin was isolated from curcuminoids and purified by column and thin-layer chromatography, and its structural characterisation was performed with different spectroscopic techniques such as FTIR, NMR (1H Proton and 13C Carbon-NMR) and LC-MS. Amongst the extracts, the ethanolic extracts exhibited stronger cytotoxic potential against the oral cancer cell line (SCC-29B) with an IC50value of 11.27 μg/mL, and that this was too low of a cytotoxicity against the Vero cell line. Although, curcuminoids have also shown a comparable cytotoxic potential against SCC-29B (IC50 value 16.79 μg/mL), it was not as potent against the ethanolic extract, and it was even found to be cytotoxic against healthy cell lines at a very low dose. While considering the isolated compound, bisdemethoxycurcumin, it also possessed a cytotoxic potential against the prostate cancer cell line (DU-145) (IC50 value of 93.28 μg/mL), but was quite safe for the healthy cell line in comparison to doxorubicin.

A high increase witnessed in type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) globally has increasingly posed a serious threat to global increases in liver cancer with the association between diabetes mellitus type II and the survival rate in liver cancer patients showing unstable findings. An increase in the development and progression of chronic liver disease from diabetes mellitus patients may be connected to cancer of the liver with several links such as Hepatitis B and C virus and heavy consumption of alcohol. The link between T2DM patients and liver cancer is centered on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) which could be a serious threat globally if not clinically addressed. Several reports identified metformin treatment as linked to a lower risk of liver cancer prognosis while insulin treatment or sulphonylureas posed a serious threat. Mechanistically, the biological linkage between diabetes type II mellitus and liver cancer are still complex to understand with only the existence of a relationship between NAFLD and high level of energy intake and diabetes mellitus induces hepatic damage, increased liver weight thereby causes multiple pro-inflammatory cytokines that lead to the development of liver cancer. Therefore, this review gives an account of the pathophysiological importance of liver cancer position with T2DM, with the role of NAFLD as an important factor that bridges them.

The study investigated the effects of Zingiber officinale root and Vernonia amygdalina leaf on the brain redox status of Wistar rats. Twenty-four (24) rats weighing 160 ± 20 g were randomly assigned into four (4) groups, each with six (6) rats. Animals in Group 1 (control) were orally administered distilled water (1 mL), while the test groups were orally administered 5 mg/mL of either Z. officinale, V. amygdalina infusion, or a combination of both, respectively, for 7 days. The rats were sacrificed at the end of treatments and blood and tissue were harvested and prepared for biochemical assays. Results showed that administration of V. amygdalina and Z. officinale, as well as their coadministration, reduced the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in rat brain tissue compared with the control group. Conversely, coadministration of V. amygdalina and Z. officinale increased the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) in rat brain tissue compared with the control group. However, the administration of the infusions singly, as well as the combination of both infusions, did not have any effect on the rat brain levels of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) antioxidant enzymes compared to the control. Taken together, the findings indicate that the V. amygdalina and Z. officinale tea infusions have favorable antioxidant properties in the rat brain. The findings are confirmatory and contribute to deepening our understanding of the health-promoting effects of V. amygdalina and Z. officinale tea infusions.

Background Castanea sativa Mill. is important for ecosystems and societies. Its rich historical and cultural significance, remarkable ecological contributions, and diverse applications have inspired scientific research. This comprehensive review and conceptual mapping of chestnut research consolidates existing knowledge, identifies emerging trends, and highlights untapped potential to inform future investigations. First, the Scopus database was searched to retrieve all data-driven articles in English related to C. sativa published in English from 1951 to 2023. Second, the R language, Scopus Analytics, and VOSviewer were used to analyze the year of publication, authors, countries, affiliations, keywords, and citations. Finally, network analysis was performed to evaluate the hotspots and developmental trends of C. sativa . A total of 1889 research articles were recovered. Results The articles showed an exponential progression, with a regression coefficient of 0.9435 (R2) and an annual growth rate of 6.28%. Italy (19.87%), Spain (15.56%), Portugal (13.39%), Turkey (6.92%), and Switzerland (5.17%) were the most prolific countries. C. sativa (798), sweet chestnut (54), cryphonectria parasitica (44), honey (38), phenolic compounds (35), chestnut blight (33) and antioxidant activity (31) are the keywords that occur the most frequently. The main research groups in the thematic map are \"forest management,\" \"Cryphonectria parasitica,\" \"wood,\" \"Spain\" and \"ethnobotany.\" Research on C. sativa has all the basic, motor, niche, and emerging or declining themes. Forest management, drought, Gnomoniopsis smithogilvyi, C. sativa shells, amino acids, honey, phenolic compounds, hydrolyzable tannins, antioxidant capacity, antioxidants, and extractives are trending topics. Conclusions This bibliometric analysis highlights the importance of C. sativa research, revealing its ecological contributions, cultural significance, and diverse applications. Future studies should focus on forest management, drought resistance, and bioactive properties to ensure sustainable utilization.

Background/objectivesNeutrophil elastase (NE) is a serine protease primarily produced by neutrophils, playing a pivotal role in various physiological and pathological processes. This study aimed to provide insights into the research landscape surrounding NE and its implications in the post-COVID-19 era.MethodsThe current study employed a cross-sectional design based on bibliometric analysis. Articles were retrieved from the Scopus database and analyzed quantitatively using VOSviewer and Bibliometrix software to evaluate publication trends, authorship patterns, citation dynamics, and emerging research themes.ResultsThe analysis highlighted countries and institutions significantly contributing to NE research, revealing global trends and hotspots. Collaboration patterns were assessed, showcasing productive partnerships within the field. Key research topics identified include NE’s roles in inflammation, tissue damage, and disease pathogenesis. The COVID-19 pandemic reshaped the thematic map of NE research, driving focus toward NE's involvement in COVID-19 pathophysiology, therapeutic interventions, and its role in complications associated with the disease.ConclusionsThis bibliometric analysis offers a comprehensive view of NE research, focusing on its functions, pathophysiological roles, and implications for diseases such as lung disorders and COVID-19, providing a foundation for future research directions.Article HighlightsIn the viewpoint of NE framework, data available after the COVID pandemic demonstrates a new trend toward NE, its biology including interactions with neutrophils and the consequences it has for development of respiratory diseases.These findings offer scope for enrichment of targeted therapies, biomarker discovery, better diagnosis, and pathophysiology based interventions for respiratory disorders.This study highlights the necessity to comprehend the function of NE in situations such as coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cystic fibrosis.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has had a significant impact on global health and healthcare systems. This retrospective study aimed to assess the association between biochemical parameters and outcomes in COVID-19 patients in Jazan, Saudi Arabia. After establishing the inclusion criteria and obtaining ethical approval, data from 156 reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)-confirmed COVID-19 patients were collected from electronic medical records from a general hospital in Samtah, Jazan, from April 2020 to October 2021. The collected data included patient demographics and liver, kidney, heart, and electrolyte function marker levels. Descriptive, inferential, and principal component analyses were conducted. Survival rates varied according to age and body mass index (BMI). Statistical analysis demonstrated that the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), sodium (Na), potassium (K), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr), creatine kinase (CK), CK myocardial band (MB), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than the reference values, as assessed using the one-sample t-test. Principal component analysis (PCA) also revealed an underlying pattern in the variation of these biochemical markers. These findings suggest that certain biochemical parameters may serve as useful indicators for monitoring the condition of COVID-19 patients. This retrospective study in Jazan, Saudi Arabia highlights the association between biochemical parameters and outcomes in COVID-19 patients. Elevated levels of markers of liver, kidney, heart, and electrolyte function suggest organ damage and dysregulation. The pattern identified through PCA provides insights into disease severity. Monitoring these parameters may serve as valuable indicators for assessing COVID-19 patients. Further research is needed to validate these findings, explore their potential for personalized treatment strategies, and improve patient outcomes during the ongoing pandemic.

Research on camel milk and urine (CMUR) has gained significant attention because of its nutritional and medicinal applications. The aim of this study was to conduct a bibliometric analysis of the CMUR from 1947 to 2023. Following PRISMA rules, the Scopus database was used to extract 1338 English-language studies, which were analyzed using Scopus Analytics, Bibliometrix, and VOSviewer. The findings indicated that 7.78% of studies focused on camel urine within the CMUR domain. The analysis showed a steady increase in the number of publications over 77 years (R-squared = 0.8308). The CMUR encompasses a wide range of research disciplines, with particular emphasis on the agricultural and medical fields. Saudi Arabia is the top producer of CMUR, with the Journal of Camel Practice and Research being the most prolific source. King Saud University contributed 103 documents to the CMUR, making it the most prolific institution globally. The co-word analysis identified seven prominent research themes within the CMUR, which can be further categorized into four distinct clusters. Notably, 'Probiotics', 'Anti-inflammatory', and 'Diabetes' emerged as trending subjects. The analysis of the CMUR yielded significant insights into the present research trends, identified gaps in the existing knowledge, and provided valuable recommendations for future investigations.

Despite extensive global research on Camellia sinensis, comprehensive studies on its chemical composition remain limited in many regions, including Saudi Arabia, restricting insights into its health benefits and quality. This study aimed to characterize the mineral, antioxidant, phenolic, and phytochemical profiles of 20 commercial tea brands imported from Sri Lanka, India, the United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, and the United Kingdom. Mineral content was assessed via inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), phytochemicals were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), antioxidant capacity was evaluated using the DPPH assay, and total phenolic content (TPC) was determined with the Folin-Ciocalteu method. Chemometric analyses, including principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), were used to explore variable associations and sample groupings. Aluminum (4.42 × 10³ to 1.70 × 10⁴ ppb) and manganese (2.80 × 10³ to 3.46 × 10³ ppb) showed notable variability, with elevated lead (6000 ppb) and cadmium (52.5 ppb) in one sample indicating potential contamination risks. Caffeine (57.76-79.14%) was the dominant phytochemical, followed by theobromine and quinic acid. Although TPC ranged from 256.22 to 361.84 mg GAE/mL, it showed no clear correlation with DPPH inhibition (11-69%), suggesting contributions from non-phenolic antioxidants. PCA and HCA indicated both geochemical and anthropogenic influences on sample composition. These findings underscore the chemical diversity of tea in the Saudi market and support the need for strengthened quality control. Future studies should quantify specific phytochemicals and identify contamination sources to enhance the safety and nutritional value of these products.

The project aimed to conduct an up-to-date and comprehensive bibliometric analysis of robotic surgery to provide a detailed and holistic understanding of the field. Three strategies were employed in the data analysis i.e. search terms were explored in (A) the title, abstract, and keywords and (B) only in the title of the documents. In 3rd part we analyzed the top 100 most cited papers. Vosviewer and R Studio were utilized for detailed bibliometric and network analyses. Strategy one identified 38,469 publications, and strategy two identified 6451 publications from 2001 to 2023. The top authors, universities, countries, sponsors, and sources based on the number of publications were identified for both strategies. The top 100 most cited papers were analyzed, providing the annual number of publications and various citation metrics. Top authors (by number of publications, total citations, h-index, g-index, and m-index), universities, and countries within these highly cited papers, along with their co-authorship networks and dynamics, were examined. Co-words analysis of the top 100 most cited papers revealed the primary focus of these documents across 25 categories. This comprehensive bibliometric analysis of robotic surgery highlighted significant contributions and collaborations in the field, emphasizing the importance of global and collaborative efforts in advancing robotic surgery research.

Abstract Dengue fever, caused by the dengue virus and transmitted through Aedes mosquitoes, is a growing public health concern, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. Traditionally associated with febrile and hemorrhagic symptoms, recent research suggests a potential link between dengue and cognitive impairments. This systematic review assessed existing research to understand the association between dengue virus infection and cognitive impairments, including dementia, Alzheimer disease, memory loss, and confusion. This systematic review followed preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science up to January 18, 2024. Studies examining the prevalence and association of cognitive impairments in dengue patients were included. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed using Nested Knowledge software and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Of the 1129 articles identified, 5 were included in the review, covering a total of 200 873 participants from Taiwan, Brazil, and France. Evidence from population-based cohort studies indicated short-term cognitive impairments, including confusion and memory loss, in some dengue patients. Additionally, long-term risks of dementia, including Alzheimer disease and vascular dementia, were observed, particularly among older adults. Although the findings suggest there might be an association between dengue infection and cognitive decline, the mechanisms underlying this link remain unclear. This systematic review suggests that dengue virus infection may affect cognitive function in both acute and long-term contexts. However, the current evidence is not strong enough to establish a conclusive link. Further research with larger sample sizes and longitudinal studies is essential to confirm the impact of dengue virus on cognitive health.