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"Farley, Steven"
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The young black stallion
Traces the early life of the black stallion in the mountains of Arabia before he was captured and brought to the West. A prequel to the first book in the Black Stallion series.
Book
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Inhaled Toxicants from Waterpipe and Cigarette Smoking
Objective. Waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS) is an emerging trend worldwide. To inform public health policy and educational programming, we systematically reviewed the biomedical literature to compute the inhaled smoke volume, nicotine, tar, and carbon monoxide (CO) associated with a single WTS session and a single cigarette. Methods. We searched seven biomedical bibliographic databases for controlled laboratory or natural environment studies designed to mimic human tobacco consumption. Included studies quantified the mainstream smoke of a single cigarette and/or single WTS session for smoke volume, nicotine, tar, and/or CO. We conducted meta-analyses to calculate summary estimates for the inhalation of each unique substance for each mode of tobacco consumption. We assessed between-study heterogeneity using chi-squared and I-squared statistics. Results. Sufficient data from 17 studies were available to derive pooled estimates for inhalation of each exposure via each smoking method. Two researchers working independently abstracted measurement of smoke volume in liters, and nicotine, tar, and CO in milligrams. All numbers included in metaanalyses matched precisely between the two researchers (100% agreement, Cohen's κ=1.00). Whereas one WTS session was associated with 74.1 liters of smoke inhalation (95% confidence interval [CI] 38.2, 110.0). one cigarette was associated with 0.6 liters of smoke (95% CI 0.5, 0.7). One WTS session was also associated with higher levels of nicotine, tar, and CO. Conclusions. One WTS session consistently exposed users to larger smoke volumes and higher levels of tobacco toxicants compared with one cigarette. These computed estimates may be valuable to emphasize in prevention programming.
Journal Article
Instruction of English Language Learners: Perceptions of Teachers at an Affluent Private School
The scope of the current study was the perception of teachers at a private school in Miami, Florida concerning the instruction of English language learners (ELLs) from communities of affluence. The majority of research conducted regarding ELLs derives from the lower socioeconomic classes. Therefore, there is a gap in the literature based on a lack of studies of similarity concerning the learning of ELLs from communities of affluence within the United States. The research data from ELLs studies conducted concerning lower socioeconomic classes applied to learning strategies may not apply to the majority of ELL communities. Moreover, it was of interest to provide data for ELLs from communities of affluence and possibly provide a different perspective toward ELLs’ learning.
Dissertation
Surgical Anatomy of the Arterial and Venous Systems
The following sections are included:
Introduction
Neck
Arterial
Venous
Arm
Arterial
Venous
Thorax
Arterial
Venous
Abdomen
Arterial
Venous
Lower Extremity
Arterial
Venous
Book Chapter
China, Russia balk at U.S. call for N. Korea sanctions
A new U.S. draft Security Council resolution circulated last night would authorize only non-military sanctions against North Korea and require a new UN resolution for any further action, a key demand of China. The U.S. sense of urgency was heightened when the Stalinist state issued a specific threat against Japan, whose parliament today officially approved its own sanctions against North Korea. A special envoy from China met U.S. President George W. Bush and Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice at the White House yesterday, White House spokesman Frederick Jones said. Envoy Tang Jiaxuan told them China agrees that \"strong measures\" are needed to punish North Korea for the claimed nuclear test, but that it only wants sanctions related to the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, Mr. Jones said.
Newspaper Article
Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision: Modeling the Impact and Cost of Expanding Male Circumcision for HIV Prevention in Eastern and Southern Africa
There is strong evidence showing that voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) reduces HIV incidence in men. To inform the VMMC policies and goals of 13 priority countries in eastern and southern Africa, we estimate the impact and cost of scaling up adult VMMC using updated, country-specific data.
We use the Decision Makers' Program Planning Tool (DMPPT) to model the impact and cost of scaling up adult VMMC in Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Rwanda, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe, and Nyanza Province in Kenya. We use epidemiologic and demographic data from recent household surveys for each country. The cost of VMMC ranges from US$65.85 to US$95.15 per VMMC performed, based on a cost assessment of VMMC services aligned with the World Health Organization's considerations of models for optimizing volume and efficiencies. Results from the DMPPT models suggest that scaling up adult VMMC to reach 80% coverage in the 13 countries by 2015 would entail performing 20.34 million circumcisions between 2011 and 2015 and an additional 8.42 million between 2016 and 2025 (to maintain the 80% coverage). Such a scale-up would result in averting 3.36 million new HIV infections through 2025. In addition, while the model shows that this scale-up would cost a total of US$2 billion between 2011 and 2025, it would result in net savings (due to averted treatment and care costs) amounting to US$16.51 billion.
This study suggests that rapid scale-up of VMMC in eastern and southern Africa is warranted based on the likely impact on the region's HIV epidemics and net savings. Scaling up of safe VMMC in eastern and southern Africa will lead to a substantial reduction in HIV infections in the countries and lower health system costs through averted HIV care costs.
Journal Article
How Animals Move: An Integrative View
Recent advances in integrative studies of locomotion have revealed several general principles. Energy storage and exchange mechanisms discovered in walking and running bipeds apply to multilegged locomotion and even to flying and swimming. Nonpropulsive lateral forces can be sizable, but they may benefit stability, maneuverability, or other criteria that become apparent in natural environments. Locomotor control systems combine rapid mechanical preflexes with multimodal sensory feedback and feedforward commands. Muscles have a surprising variety of functions in locomotion, serving as motors, brakes, springs, and struts. Integrative approaches reveal not only how each component within a locomotor system operates but how they function as a collective whole.
Journal Article
Real‐World Characterization of Psychiatric Pharmacogenomic Test Ordering and Clinical Relevance in Adults and Children
ABSTRACT
Pharmacogenomic (PGx) testing is increasingly utilized to guide psychiatric medication selection and dosing, yet real‐world characterizations of test ordering and clinical implications remain understudied. Additionally, the extent to which psychiatry‐focused PGx results inform prescribing beyond mental health medications is unclear. This study examined patterns of psychiatry‐focused PGx test ordering, the clinical relevance of results among adult and pediatric patients, and implementation challenges within a large health system. Electronic health records (EHRs) of 3383 individuals undergoing psychiatry‐focused PGx testing between 2013 and 2023 were analyzed. Test reports, available as unstructured PDFs, required manual curation before merging with clinical data. Demographic characteristics, test ordering patterns, genotype distributions, and drug‐gene interactions (DGIs) were assessed. Results indicated that 94.5% of individuals had one or more clinically actionable PGx variants. DGIs were identified for current psychiatric medications in 19.3% of adults and 15.0% of youth. Additionally, non‐psychiatric DGIs were identified in 11.8% of adults and 2.1% of youth. Most patients had genotype profiles that could guide future psychiatric and non‐psychiatric prescribing. Despite the clinical relevance, PGx results were inconsistently integrated into EHRs, limiting accessibility and reuse. Indicators of disparities in test ordering related to gender and race suggested systemic inequities and variability in provider adoption practices. Psychiatry‐focused PGx testing holds substantial potential to optimize current and future medication prescribing, extending beyond psychiatry. Key challenges include fragmented EHR integration, inconsistent provider adoption, and disparities in test ordering. Improved standardized reporting, structured EHR integration, and enhanced provider education are necessary to maximize PGx benefits in patient care.
Journal Article
Allopregnanolone Reinstates Tyrosine Hydroxylase Immunoreactive Neurons and Motor Performance in an MPTP-Lesioned Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease
Restorative/protective therapies to restore dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) are greatly needed to effectively change the debilitating course of Parkinson's disease. In this study, we tested the therapeutic potential of a neurogenic neurosteroid, allopregnanolone, in the restoration of the components of the nigrostriatal pathway in MPTP-lesioned mice by measuring striatal dopamine levels, total and tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive neuron numbers and BrdU-positive cells in the SNpc. An acute treatment (once/week for two weeks) with allopregnanolone restored the number of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive and total cell numbers in the SNpc of MPTP-lesioned mice, even though this did not increase striatal dopamine. It was also noted that MPTP treated mice to which allopregnanolone was administered had an increase in BrdU-positive cells in the SNpc. The effects of allopregnanolone in MPTP-lesioned mice were more apparent in mice that underwent behavioral tests. Interestingly, mice treated with allopregnanolone after MPTP lesion were able to perform at levels similar to that of non-lesioned control mice in a rotarod test. These data demonstrate that allopregnanolone promotes the restoration of tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive neurons and total cells in the nigrostriatal tract, improves the motor performance in MPTP-treated mice, and may serve as a therapeutic strategy for Parkinson's disease.
Journal Article
Nitrogen and Carbon Isotope Fractionation between Mothers, Neonates, and Nursing Offspring
Stable isotope signatures of lactating females and their nursing offspring were measured on 11 species, including herbivores, carnivores, hibernators, and nonhibernators. We hypothesized that: (1) nursing offspring would have stable isotope signatures that were a trophic level higher than their mothers, and (2) this pattern would be species-independent. The plasma of adult females had a δ15N enrichment over their diets of 4.1±0.7‰, but offspring plasma had a mean δ15N enrichment over maternal plasma of 0.9±0.8‰ and no C enrichment (0.0±0.6‰). The trophic level enrichment did not occur between mother and offspring because milk was depleted in both δ15N (1.0±0.5‰) and δ13C (2.1±0.9‰) relative to maternal plasma. Milk to offspring plasma enrichment was relatively small (δ15N enrichment of 1.9±0.7‰ and δ13C enrichment of 1.9±0.8‰) compared to the trophic level enrichment between the adults and their diets. While some species did have significant differences between the isotope signatures of mother and offspring, the differences were not related to whether they were hibernators or non-hibernators, carnivores or herbivores. Investigators wanting to use stable isotopes to quantify weaning or other lactation processes or diets of predators when both adults and nursing offspring are consumed must first establish the parameters that apply to a particular species/environment/diet combination.
Journal Article