Explore the vast range of titles available.

Background Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common causes of liver transaminases elevation and a global health concern. Purpose This study designed to evaluate the effects of turmeric rhizomes (Curcumalonga Linn.) on liver enzymes, Lipid profiles and Malondialdehyde (MDA) in patients with NAFLD. Study design Randomized double-blind placebo controlled trial. Methods 64 cases of NAFLD randomly assigned to receive either turmeric (2 gr/day) or placebo for 8 weeks. The changes of liver transaminases, lipid profiles and MDA were measured before and after study period and compared between two groups (IRCT 2015092924262N1). Results At the end of the study, the Turmeric group showed a significant reduction in liver enzymes (AST before 26.81 ± 10.54 after 21.19 ± 5.67, P = 0.044, ALT before 39.56 ± 22.41, after 30.51 ± 12.61, P = 0.043 and GGT before33.81 ± 17.50, after 25.62 ± 9.88, P = 0.046) compared with the placebo group. The serum levels of triglycerides, LDL, HDL and MDA had also a significant decrease among turmeric group as compared to baseline while there was no significant change in placebo group (P < 0.05). The serum cholesterol, VLDL level and sonographic grades of NAFLD had not any significant change in both groups. Conclusion In conclusion this study suggests that daily consumption of turmeric (and its active phenolic ingredients as curcumin) supplementation could be effective in management of NAFLD and decreasing serum level of liver transaminases.

Background Diet is an important modulator of inflammation, which is associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In this study, we examined whether the inflammatory properties of diets are associated with disease activity in patients with IBD. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 143 IBD patients, including 32 patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) and 111 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). Dietary intakes were assessed by a valid 168-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The inflammatory potential of the diet was assessed by calculating the two scores of Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII®), and the Empirical Dietary Inflammatory Pattern (EDIP), and CD and UC disease activity were determined by the Crohn’s disease activity index (CDAI) and the Mayo score, respectively. Associations of the inflammatory indices as median and as tertiles with disease activity were analyzed using logistic regression in a univariate model and after adjusting for total energy intake (continuous), type of disease (CD and UC) and drug consumption (no drugs, single drug, and multiple drugs). Results Sixty-four IBD patients (44.8%) in this study had active disease.The DII® score and the EDIP did not differ significantly between active and inactive patients (− 1.45 ± 1.04 vs.− 1.20 ± 1.24; 0.56 ± 0.22 vs. 0.53 ± 0.28, respectively). After adjusting for energy intake, drug use, and IBD type, the odds (95%CIs) of active disease among patients in tertile 3 compared to those in tertile 1 were 0.84 (0.32–2.17) for DII and 1.50 (0.61–3.72) for EDIP; neither of which were statistically significantly different from the rates in tertile 1. Conclusions Although point estimates were in the expected direction of increased risk, the inflammatory potential of diet, assessed using DII or EDIP, was not associated with severity of disease in IBD patients. Whether diet-related inflammation affects disease activity in patients with IBD deserves further investigations.

Background Obesity has reached an alarming rate worldwide. Promoting thermogenesis via increasing the function of brown adipose tissue (BAT) or white adipose tissue (WAT) browning has been proposed as a new protective approach against obesity. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of Royal Jelly (RJ) and tocotrienol rich fraction (TRF) on BAT activation and WAT browning during calorie restriction diet (CRD) in obesity model. Methods In this experimental study, 50 obese Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups and then received one of the following treatments for a period of 8-week: High-fat diet (HFD), CRD, RJ + CRD, TRF + CRD, and RJ + TRF + CRD. Effects of RJ and TRF, individually and in combination on body weight and the expression of key thermoregulatory genes in WAT and BAT were examined by quantitative real-time (qRT-PCR). Also, morphological alterations were assessed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Results RJ (− 67.21 g ±4.84 g) and RJ + TRF (− 73.29 g ±4.51 g) significantly reduced weight gain relative to the CRD group (− 40.70 g ±6.50 g, P  < 0.001). In comparison with the CRD group, RJ and RJ + TRF remarkably enhanced the uncoupling protein1 (UCP1) expression in WAT (5.81, 4.72 fold, P  < 0.001) and BAT (4.99, 4.75 fold, P  < 0.001). The expression of PR domain containing 16 (PRDM 16) , cAMP response element-binding protein1 (CREB1) , P38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (P38MAPK), and Bone morphogenetic protein8B (BMP8B) have significantly increased following RJ and RJ + TRF treatments ( P  < 0.001). However , the expression levels of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta (CEBPβ) and Bone morphogenetic protein7 ( BMP7) did not remarkably change. Multilocular beige cells in WAT and compacted dense adipocytes were also observed in BAT of RJ and RJ + TRF received groups. TRF showed no substantial effects on the expression of the mentioned thermoregulatory genes and brown fat-like phenotype. Conclusion Our results suggest that, Royal Jelly promotes thermogenesis and browning of WAT, contributing to an increase in energy expenditure. Thus, Royal Jelly may give rise to a novel dietary choice to attenuate obesity.

Background and Aim Patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) commonly have cardiometabolic risk factors. Oxidative stress (OS) significantly contributes to the development of cardiometabolic diseases. Curcumin (CUR) exhibits antioxidant properties that aid in OS regulation. This systematic review and dose–response meta‐analysis of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) evaluated the effects of CUR supplementation on cardiometabolic risk factors in women with PCOS. Methods A systematic search across various databases was implemented to identify eligible RCTs published until January 2024. A meta‐analysis was conducted employing a random‐effects model. Results Eight RCTs were included in the meta‐analysis. It was indicated that CUR supplementation substantially reduced fasting blood sugar (FBS) (standardized mean difference [SMD]: −0.40 mg/dL, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.59, −0.21; p < 0.001), insulin (SMD: −0.32 µU/mL, 95% CI: −0.49, −0.14; p < 0.001), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR) (SMD: −0.36, 95% CI: −0.54, −0.19; p < 0.001), and total cholesterol (TC) (SMD: −0.34 mg/dL, 95% CI: −0.61, −0.08; p = 0.01). In addition, it substantially increased the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) (SMD: 0.37, 95% CI: 0.13, 0.61; p < 0.001) in the CUR‐treated group compared with the control group. However, CUR did not have significant impacts on body mass index (BMI), body weight, serum levels of follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH), triglycerides (TG), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), high‐density lipoprotein (HDL), testosterone, low‐density lipoprotein (LDL), and luteinizing hormone (LH). Conclusion This study revealed that CUR may have the potential to enhance cardiometabolic health by reducing hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and serum TC levels in women with PCOS.

Background Supplementation with pine bark extract (PBE) may improve risk factors associated with cardiometabolic syndrome (CMS). The effects of PBE supplementation on cardiometabolic risk factors were evaluated in this systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Methods A comprehensive search of various databases was performed to identify relevant RCTs published up to September 2024. A random-effects model was employed for the meta-analysis, which included 27 RCTs with 1,685 participants. Results The findings indicated that PBE supplementation significantly reduced systolic blood pressure (SBP) (weighted mean difference (WMD): -2.26 mmHg, 95% confidence interval (CI): -3.73, -0.79; P  = 0.003), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (WMD: -2.62 mmHg, 95% CI: -3.71, -1.53; P  < 0.001), fasting blood sugar (FBS) (WMD: -6.25 mg/dL, 95% CI: -9.97, -2.53; P  = 0.001), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (WMD: -0.32%, 95% CI: -0.54, -0.11; P  = 0.003), body weight (WMD: -1.37 kg, 95% CI: -1.86, -0.88; P  < 0.001), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (WMD: -5.07 mg/dL, 95% CI: -9.21, -0.94; P  = 0.016) in the PBE-treated group compared to their untreated counterparts. However, no significant impact of PBE was observed on waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), or serum levels of insulin, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), and total cholesterol (TC). Conclusions Supplementation with PBE may ameliorate specific cardiometabolic risk factors, as indicated by reductions in body weight, DBP, SBP, FBS, LDL, and HbA1c levels. This approach can be regarded as an adjunct therapeutic strategy for CMS management. Further high-quality trials with larger sample sizes and longer durations are required to validate these findings.

Objectives Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress causes adipose tissue dysfunction and chronic inflammation in obesity. Royal jelly (RJ) and tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) are reported to ameliorate inflammation. However, the improving effects of RJ and TRF on inflammation from ER stress modulating view have not been assessed so far. Hence, we investigated the effect of RJ and TRF on ER stress and some adipose tissue-derived inflammatory markers in the high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. Wistar obese rats randomly allocated into 5 groups: HFD, calorie restriction diet (CRD), RJ + CRD, TRF + CRD, RJ + TRF + CRD. After 8-week intervention, adipose tissues and hypothalamus were dissected and serum was collected. Results RJ reduced glucose-regulated protein-78 (GRP78) expression as ER stress indicator in WAT and hypothalamus compared to CRD. Besides, RJ diminished the expression of inflammatory markers in white adipose tissue (WAT) and also decreased the serum concentration of them. TRF reduced inflammatory markers in the serum without remarkable effects on ER stress. Overall, RJ has protective effect against adipose tissue dysfunction and inflammation then suggested as a therapeutic approach to reduce some obesity-related complications. The impact of TRF in this regard is lower than RJ and limited to systemic inflammation improvement without remarkable changes in adipose tissue inflammation.

Background/Objectives Celiac disease (CD) is a systemic and autoimmune enteropathy of the gastrointestinal tract with malabsorption characteristics. The only effective treatment for CD is adhere strictly to a gluten-free diet (GFD) throughout life. We evaluated the dietary patterns in celiac disease patients and their association with dietary intakes and anthropometric measurements in Iran. Subjects/Methods This is a case-control study on 182 participants who were referred to the Khuzestan Celiac Association, Iran. Nutritional information was collected using a validated 147-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The software Stata (StataCorp, Version 14.0) was used to analyze the data. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to obtain participants’ dietary patterns. Results A significant relationship was observed between age and body mass index (BMI) across quartiles of the healthy dietary pattern score ( P  < 0.001, P  = 0.001, and P  = 0.001, respectively), indicating that as age and BMI increased, participants demonstrated greater adherence to the healthy dietary pattern. Individuals with the highest adherence to the healthy dietary pattern had the lowest odds ratio for celiac disease (CD) (Q1: reference; Q2: 1.96, 95% CI: 0.84–4.55; Q3: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.27–1.42; Q4: 0.10, 95% CI: 0.03–0.33, P trend < 0.001), and this association remained significant after adjusting for BMI (adjusted P trend = 0.003) and energy intake (adjusted P trend < 0.001). Moreover, there was a significant association between the lowest odds ratio for CD and the highest adherence to the unhealthy dietary pattern after adjustment for energy intake (Q1: reference; Q2: 0.38, 95% CI: 0.13–1.12; Q3: 0.21, 95% CI: 0.06–0.71; Q4: 0.07, 95% CI: 0.02–0.29, adjusted P trend < 0.001). Additionally, a significant association was observed between the odds ratio for CD and the mixed dietary pattern score (Q1: reference; Q2: 6.01, 95% CI: 2.29–15.72; Q3: 2.47, 95% CI: 0.93–6.55; Q4: 4.84, 95% CI: 1.84–12.66, P trend = 0.02), and this association remained significant after adjustment for energy intake (adjusted P trend < 0.001). Conclusions The findings of the present study indicate that individuals who adhere to healthy dietary patterns have a lower incidence of celiac disease.

Abstract Introduction: It could be valuable for surgeons and patients to use one chart in different groups and evaluate weight loss during the post-surgery period. Methods: This retrospective study used the Iran National Obesity Surgery Database. Patients with clinically severe obesity aged 18–70 undergoing sleeve gastrectomy participated in this study. Body mass index (BMI) reduction and 5 other metrics measured over the study period were modeled using lambda-mu-sigma method. Our data were split into the train (70%) and test (30%) sets. Results: In this study, 1,258 patients (75% female) met the eligibility criteria to participate. Mean age and initial BMI were 36.87 ± 10.51 and 42.74 (40.37–46.36), respectively. Percentile charts for various metrics have been presented for the first 2 years after surgery. Conclusions: For sleeve surgery, all metrics are acceptable for clinical applications. Using the statistical view, BMI reduction is the most acceptable metric according to the lowest bias values and its variation between all the metrics.

We searched bibliographic databases from inception through May 2018 to evaluate the effect of probiotics (or synbiotics) supplementation in women suffering from polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Seven trials involving 236 women with PCOS and 235 controls were included in the meta-analysis. Comparing with the control group, probiotics (or synbiotics) may improve Quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) (standardized mean difference (SMD) 0.41, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.01 to 0.82, P  = 0.04), decrease triglyceride (TG) level (mean difference (MD) − 17.51 mg/dL, 95% CI − 29.65 to − 5.36); fasting insulin: (MD − 2.14 μIU/mL, 95% CI − 4.24 to − 0.04), and increase high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (SMD 1.55 mg/dL, 95% CI 0.28 to 2.81). No significant effect of probiotics (or synbiotics) on homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), total cholesterol (TC), and anthropometric indices was found in women with PCOS. Although probiotic (or synbiotics) supplementation was effective on some metabolic indices, the effect was negligible and not clinically significant.

Bariatric surgery (BS) has been as a currently developed treatment of choice for metabolic syndrome (MetS). Which, in turn, is well-known as serious public health concern. Therefore, this study assessed the outcomes of different procedures of BS and possible predictors for improving MetS. This single-center retrospective cohort analysis included bariatric candidates between 2009 and 2017. The operational approach was chosen based on the patient’s condition, as well as the patient’s metabolic profile and the surgeon’s experience. All desired information was evaluated at baseline and 6, 12, and 24 months after the operation. Of the 1111 patients included, 918 (82.6%) were female. There was no considerable trend in the improvement of MetS over the follow-up period of each surgery group. After 6 to 24 months of follow-up, waist circumference reduction was significant in all three types of surgery, and sleeve gastrectomy resulted in the best (but not significant) improvement rates after 24 months ( P  = 0.079). One anastomosis gastric bypass had highest decrease in percentage of excess weight loss than other procedures ( P  < 0.001). Each year increase in age was associated with a 4% decrease in MetS remission. In addition, the male gender, was correlated with MetS improvement positively ( P  = 0.049). Each one-unit increase in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) reduced the MetS remission rate by 40%. All three methods of BS were similarly effective in MetS. Consider the predictive value of age, gender, and HbA1c before determining the optimum procedure for each patient is recommended.