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The construction industry presents a significant environmental challenge due to its substantial environmental footprint, utilization of limited natural resources, and contribution to pollution and climate change. Additionally, optimizing the weight, cost, and duration of construction is crucial for enhancing serviceability, flexibility, efficiency, and profitability. In this research, the relationship between structure weight and other objective functions was explored using the single-objective gray wolf algorithm to investigate their impact on carbon footprint, water footprint, and construction time. Furthermore, employing a multi-objective optimization algorithm, a building structure was optimized for three systems featuring different structural frames based on the specified objective functions. The results revealed that the structure with intermediate steel moment-resisting frames exhibited the shortest construction time but incurred the highest construction cost. Conversely, the structure with intermediate steel moment-resisting frames with special steel concentric bracing demonstrated the lowest carbon footprint and water footprint among the studied structural frames. Consequently, the structure with intermediate steel moment-resisting frames with special concentric steel bracing was proposed as a green structure, emphasizing its environmentally friendly characteristics.

Hydraulic jump is of fast altering flow type, within which a critical flow transforms into a subcritical flow, and such alteration occurs within a relatively short path of the channel. In the present study, the impact of lateral angles of trapezoidal channel walls in the continuous form on the relative loss of hydraulic jump energy is investigated. For this purpose, the meta-heuristic harmony search algorithm is used for declaring the continuous lateral angles within the range of 45°–75°. With regard to the hydraulic definition for the hydraulic jump phenomenon, the harmony search algorithm, which is widely used for optimization and continuous problems, is considered as a simple concept of a useful algorithm. The results demonstrated the high efficiency of harmony search in the optimization of hydraulic problems. The highest value of jump energy loss up to 81% was recorded for the angle of 45°, implying the high efficiency of this section. As can be clearly seen in the results, the amount of destructive energy loss of hydraulic jump in the meta-heuristic algorithm is significantly higher than other previous methods.

Very large floating structures (VLFSs) have various applications, such as recreational applications, port facilities, etc. A surge in the population, the advantages of building floating structures compared to traditional methods of land extraction from the sea, and the development of construction technologies, have led to engineers paying attention to very large floating structures. Bracing systems are capable of controlling and reducing the horizontal responses of a floating platform, but they have no major impact on its vertical responses. In the present study, the semi-floating platform was numerically designed to be least affected by the three factors of wave force, horizontal torsion, and horizontal displacement. In order to optimize the design, the semi-floating platform was simulated and subjected to the three wave directions with collision angles of 40, 45 and 55 degrees in the environmental conditions of the Caspian Sea and by exerting the wave effect in a Flow-3D model. Examination of the platform’s movements has demonstrated that the arrangement of an eight-way restraint system with a 40-degree restraint angle responds better to the impact of waves and is more economical compared to other designs.

In this study, novel methods such as wavelet–artificial neural network hybrid models and artificial neural network models were used to predict seepage from the Zonouz earthen dam. The dataset consisted of 972 piezometric data points. Statistical fitting methods such as root mean squared error, determination coefficient, scatter plots, and data distribution diagrams were used to evaluate the results. The findings indicated that the wavelet–artificial neural network hybrid model was more accurate than the artificial neural network model. Specifically, during training, the wavelet–artificial neural network hybrid model had determination coefficients and root mean squared errors of 0.820, 0.680, 743.39, and 792.52, while the artificial neural network model had 0.700, 0.600, 426.39, and 131.45. Similarly, during validation, the wavelet–artificial neural network hybrid model had determination coefficients and root mean squared errors of 0.700, 0.600, 426.39, and 131.45, while the artificial neural network model had 0.823, 0.680, 743.39, and 792.52. Therefore, the wavelet–artificial neural network hybrid model can be proposed as a precise method for predicting seepage in earthen dams and is more accurate than the artificial neural network model. This study highlights the importance of preventing dam failures and using advanced modeling techniques for better predictions and preventive measures.

Fluid dynamics aims at understanding the movement of liquids and gases by functions that describe the distribution of velocities. In the present study, the characteristics of secondary currents in trapezoidal channels with side angles of 45, 60 and 75° subjected to the influence of five different discharges with experimental tests, are investigated and the results are compared with that of Flow3D. The results obtained from experimental measurements and numerical models comparison of the rate of secondary currents in different Froude numbers demonstrated that there exists an opposite relationship between the secondary velocity in the direction of perpendicular to the axis of flows (Vx) and velocity in a direction perpendicular to the flow level (Vz) in trapezoidal channels. Moreover, at 45° angle, there has been a remarkable energy loss during hydraulic jump. The ratio of the increase in the secondary currents velocity in X direction in Froude number 10 of 45° angle is higher than that of two other sections, which is equal to 71%, compared to 75° angle in numerical models and in Froude number 9 it was 91% during experimental tests. Then, the secondary currents velocity in Z direction for Froude number 2 of 75° angle is higher than that of two other sections, which is 88%, compared to the 45° angle in numerical models and in Froude number 1.5 it was equal to 74.5% for experimental tests.

La dinámica de fluidos tiene como objetivo comprender el movimiento de líquidos y gases mediante funciones que describen la distribución de velocidades. En el presente estudio se investigan las características de las corrientes secundarias en canales trapezoidales con ángulos laterales de 45, 60 y 75° sometidas a la influencia de cinco descargas diferentes con pruebas experimentales; los resultados se comparan con los de Flow3D. Los resultados obtenidos de las mediciones experimentales y la comparación de modelos numéricos de la velocidad de las corrientes secundarias en diferentes números de Froude demostraron que existe una relación opuesta entre la velocidad secundaria en la dirección perpendicular al eje de flujos (Vx) y la velocidad en una dirección perpendicular al nivel de flujo (Vz) en canales trapezoidales. Además, a un ángulo de 45°, ha habido una pérdida de energía notable durante el salto hidráulico. La relación del aumento en la velocidad de las corrientes secundarias en la dirección X en Froude número 10 de ángulo de 45° es mayor que la de otras dos secciones, que es igual a 71%, en comparación con el ángulo de 75° en modelos numéricos; en Froude número 9 fue de 91% durante las pruebas experimentales. Luego, la velocidad de las corrientes secundarias en la dirección Z para Froude número 2 de 75° es mayor que la de otras dos secciones, que es 88%, en comparación con el ángulo de 45° en modelos numéricos y en Froude número 1.5 fue igual a 74.5% para pruebas experimentales.