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"Faulkner, David"
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Evaluating the status and habitat preferences of the threatened skipper, Euphyes vestris harbisoni, in southern California, USA
The Harbison’s dun skipper subspecies (Euphyes vestris harbisoni) has a geographically limited distribution in southern California, USA and northern Mexico, isolated from the other subspecies. This skipper is a specialist, primarily found in riparian oak woodlands and only feeds on the San Diego sedge as a larva. Several extirpations have been documented, generating concern for its long-term persistence. We conducted visual surveys in 2021 and 2022, and a marking study in 2022, to assess population sizes. Habitat preferences were explored by collecting habitat covariates and analyzing GIS available environmental data. A significant decline in skipper counts occurred during a drought, with abundances remaining small following the drought. Population size estimates from a marking study had low accuracy due to the small population sizes. For this reason, we used the annual maximum count (Max Count) as a robust and efficient metric for monitoring this skipper. No difference was found between used and unused sedge patches using vegetation-based habitat covariates. However, a GIS approach described the historic distribution as woodlands at intermediate elevations, warmer summer temperatures, and intermediate levels of summer evapotranspiration. Implications for insect conservation: The decline in abundance and number of populations justify future conservation efforts, including identifying areas that should be prioritized for future surveys and restoration efforts. Most importantly, this study demonstrates that these woodlands should be managed/protected in their entirety to allow for annual movement of sedge plants and skippers.
Journal Article
A First-Tier Framework for Assessing Toxicological Risk from Vaporized Cannabis Concentrates
Vaporization is an increasingly prevalent means to consume cannabis, but there is little guidance for manufacturers or regulators to evaluate additive safety. This paper presents a first-tier framework for regulators and cannabis manufacturers without significant toxicological expertise to conduct risk assessments and prioritize additives in cannabis concentrates for acceptance, elimination, or further evaluation. Cannabinoids and contaminants (e.g., solvents, pesticides, etc.) are excluded from this framework because of the complexity involved in their assessment; theirs would not be a first-tier toxicological assessment. Further, several U.S. state regulators have provided guidance for major cannabinoids and contaminants. Toxicological risk assessment of cannabis concentrate additives, like other types of risk assessment, includes hazard assessment, dose–response, exposure assessment, and risk characterization steps. Scarce consumption data has made exposure assessment of cannabis concentrates difficult and variable. Previously unpublished consumption data collected from over 54,000 smart vaporization devices show that 50th and 95th percentile users consume 5 and 57 mg per day on average, respectively. Based on these and published data, we propose assuming 100 mg per day cannabis concentrate consumption for first-tier risk assessment purposes. Herein, we provide regulators, cannabis manufacturers, and consumers a preliminary methodology to evaluate the health risks of cannabis concentrate additives.
Journal Article
The Management of International Acquisitions
This is a book about acquisitions and their performance. It looks at the different ways in which companies from the major acquiring countries (UK, USA, Japan, Germany, and France) set about integrating the acquisitions they make in the UK. The book illustrates different national styles at work, but also shows how common many management practices ha.
eBook
Ecology of the threatened Harbison’s dun skipper (Euphyes vestris harbisoni) for conservation efforts within a habitat conservation plan
Southern California is a biodiversity hotspot, an area with high species richness and where many species are threatened with extinction. Six lepidopteran taxa are of conservation concern, including three listed on the United States Endangered Species Act. The Harbison’s dun skipper (Euphyes vestris harbisoni) may also have an elevated risk of extinction; however, little is known about its ecology or current status. Due to this conservation concern, we conducted surveys for the skipper to more fully describe its distribution, assess the interannual variation in adult population sizes, and further describe its natural history and habitat requirements (including threats). The known distribution now includes western Riverside County and northern Baja California, Mexico, with the historically reported Orange and San Diego counties. We were able to document 33 historic and/or current skipper locations on public lands and another six historic records on inaccessible private lands. Just over half of the 39 locations were extant populations, about a quarter have been extirpated, with the remainder of unknown status. For extant populations, population sizes appear to be relatively small. We also provide information on efficient monitoring protocols for the skipper. The information obtained from this study is necessary to make data-driven management decisions so that conservation efforts can be effective and efficient.
Journal Article
Edupreneur
If you can change education, you can change the world Edupreneur gives teachers the \"how.\" You already know what needs to be done to improve education, but you may lack the support and processes to bring it to life-and that's where this book comes in. You'll walk through the four stages of innovation-dreaming, digging, making and sharing-and learn how to unleash ground-shaking change from the classroom up. Straightforward, highly practical and kick-in-the-pants inspirational, this book is your new companion for making education work. You'll read about passionate teachers who have raised attendance from 40% to 90%; you'll read about principals who took on the worst-performing schools and turned them around; you'll read about leaders who had the courage to take the reins of a school and turn it from good to great-and you'll learn how they did it and how you're entirely capable of the same kind of revolutionary change. This is a book not just for challenging schools, but for all educators who are passionate about providing a great education for every student, every day. Administrators, academics and politicians can debate endlessly about how to \"fix our schools,\" ignoring the fact that their best innovators and catalysts of change are already right there in the classroom. You have plenty of ideas, so here's your license to make them happen. Edupreneur will help teachers in all schools to: Identify ways to improve day-to-day practice Overcome the challenges that hamper progress Create new solutions that sidestep old roadblocks Collaborate with similarly forward-thinking educators Imagine what education could look like if teachers were practically equipped to bring exciting new ideas to the classroom every day. Edupreneur helps you be that kind of teacher you've always wanted to be, with a clear framework for truly bringing on the change.
eBook
Pimachrysa (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae: Nothochrysinae): Larval Description and Support for Generic Relationships
We describe the previously unknown larval characteristics of Pimachrysa (second and third instars), and we provide new comparative data on the Nothochrysa californica Banks larvae that were described earlier. The Pimachrysa larvae (identified as Pimachrysa fusca Adams) express the numerous features that characterize the chrysopid subfamily Nothochrysinae. They resemble Hypochrysa larvae in many respects, but several differences support retaining the two genera as separate. It now appears that the reputedly more archaic, small bodied, nothochrysine genera (e.g., Dictyochrysa, Hypochrysa, and Pimachrysa) have naked larvae that differ distinctly from the larvae of Nothochrysa species, all of which are debris-carriers. In addition, the pattern of variability in Nothochrysa larval features supports the proposal that this genus has a closer relationship with the other chrysopid subfamilies than do the small-bodied nothochrysine genera. The findings are consistent with the hypothesis that larval nakedness (as opposed to debris-carrying) was the ancestral life style for the extant chrysopid clade.
Journal Article
Crime, State and Citizen
This Second Edition takes account of the 'new politics' of Law and order and public safety in the UK and elsewhere in the wake of events in the USA on 11 September 2001 and London Bombings of 2005 - as well as considering developments such as a National Offender Management Service (NOMS) and 'contestability'. Crime, State and Citizen had a considerable impact when first published in 2001. David Faulkner's work comprises an unrivalled overview of criminal justice and penal affairs, including at its core an analysis of fundamental questions about how the actions of the state, police and other public services are to be balanced with the democratic rights and legitimate expectations of ordinary citizens.
eBook
Indoor Particles and Symptoms among Office Workers: Results from a Double-Blind Cross-Over Study
Background. We studied the effects of removing small airborne particles in an office building without unusual contaminant sources or occupant complaints. Methods. We conducted a double-blind crossover study of enhanced particle filtration in an office building in the Midwest United States in 1993. We replaced standard particle filters, in separate ventilation systems on two floors, with highly efficient filters on alternate floors weekly over 4 weeks. Repeated-measures models were used to analyze data from weekly worker questionnaires and multiple environmental measurements. Results. Bioaerosol concentrations were low. Enhanced filtration reduced concentrations of the smallest airborne particles by 94%. This reduction was not associated with reduced symptoms among the 396 respondents, but three performance-related mental states improved; for example, the confusion scale decreased (-3.7%; 95% confidence limits (CL) = -6.5, -0.9). Most environmental dissatisfaction variables also improved; eg, \"stuffy\" air, -5.3% (95% CL = -10.3, -0.4). Cooler temperatures within the recommended comfort range were associated with remarkably large improvement in most outcomes; for example, chest tightness decreased -23.4% (95% CL = -38.1, -8.7) for every 1°C decrease. Conclusions. Benefits of enhanced filtration require assessment in buildings with higher particulate contaminant levels in studies controlling for temperature effects. Benefits from lower indoor temperatures need confirmation.
Journal Article
Genome-wide toxicogenomic study of the lanthanides sheds light on the selective toxicity mechanisms associated with critical materials
Lanthanides are a series of critical elements widely used in multiple industries, such as optoelectronics and healthcare. Although initially considered to be of low toxicity, concerns have emerged during the last few decades over their impact on human health. The toxicological profile of these metals, however, has been incompletely characterized, with most studies to date solely focusing on one or two elements within the group. In the current study, we assessed potential toxicity mechanisms in the lanthanide series using a functional toxicogenomics approach in baker’s yeast, which shares many cellular pathways and functions with humans. We screened the homozygous deletion pool of 4,291 Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains with the lanthanides and identified both common and unique functional effects of these metals. Three very different trends were observed within the lanthanide series, where deletions of certain proteins on membranes and organelles had no effect on the cellular response to early lanthanides while inducing yeast sensitivity and resistance to middle and late lanthanides, respectively. Vesicle-mediated transport (primarily endocytosis) was highlighted by both gene ontology and pathway enrichment analyses as one of the main functions disturbed by the majority of the metals. Protein–protein network analysis indicated that yeast response to lanthanides relied on proteins that participate in regulatory paths used for calcium (and other biologically relevant cations), and lanthanide toxicity included disruption of biosynthetic pathways by enzyme inhibition. Last, multiple genes and proteins identified in the network analysis have human orthologs, suggesting that those may also be targeted by lanthanides in humans.
Journal Article