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A novel Chili pepper G1M1 mutant was produced from chili pepper Genotype 1 induced with 0.01% ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS). The aim of this research is to evaluate the effect of EMS induced mutation to the sequence of capsaicin synthesis gene KasI and its expression. Genetic profile of KasI genes of mutant plants and controls were analyzed by sequencing method and the results aligned and compared with the sequence of Capsicum annuum KasI (KM037709.1) on the NCBI. Capsaicin content was measured from fruit at 30-35 DPA (day post anthesis) using spectrophotometry method (Ȧ280 nm). The results of this study indicated that the capsaicin content of G1M1 mutant plant did not differ significantly with G1 control, but of G1M1 tended to have higher capsaicin content than control. The KasI gene of G1M1 mutant shows the presence of substitution at some sites which causes the replacement of amino acid composition. This may cause differences in the capsaicin content between plants.

Drug delivery material is one of popular topics of research in this era because the developmet of medicines require a good carrier of the drugs produced and synthesized. However, recent produced capsules were made from animal's extract such as bone or skin that could not be suitable for everyone, especially the ones with animal's meat intolerant. Hard shell capsules were produced from κ-carrageenan-alginate (CA) and κ-carrageenan-starch (CS) of cassava. First order kinetics of salicylamide released from hard shell capsules of CA and CS were determined using the Noyes-Whitney modification equations. The optimum k1 of gelatin capsules calculated was 0.0108 ppm/min at pH 6.8, CA was 0.0.0493 ppm/min, and CS was 0.0237 ppm/min. This means that CA and CS could be recommended. Further development is needed to produce the best CA and CS capsules as drug delivery material.

Water tracing was conducted at Karangbolong Karst as a rapid assessment of the Kalisirah spring hydrological characteristics. This study was conducted to determine the movement of underground flow and the estimation of the Catchment Area using the Todd Nomogram and field observations. The results of flow tracing tests conducted in Pocung Cave indicate that there is underground river network connectivity between Pocung Cave, Jeblosan Sinkhole and Kalisirah Springs. Based on topographic survey and flow tracing test, the calculation of the estimated area of the Kalisirah catchment area is 180 Ha. The results were also validate using other parameters, namely flowrate and rainfall in the research location using Todd Nomogram. The estimated area of the Kalisirah catchment area with the Todd Nomogram is 189.2 Ha. The calculation of the estimated area of Kalisirah catchment area based on topographic survey and water tracing is relevant with the estimated area with Todd Nomogram. Groundwater tracing investigation can be used to determine karst spring catchment area, as a preliminary study to understanding the karst hydrology.

About 69% of Cemoro River Section Area is dryland agricultures. Rain is the main source of irrigation for the dryland agricultures, but during dry season farmers use Cemoro River water for irrigation which is directly flowed using a water pump. The potential of water resources in Cemoro River Section Area is very important and determines agricultural products. The aim of this study is to analyze meteorological water availability and water demand in Cemoro River Section Area. Thornthwaite Mather method is used to calculate meteorological water, while the total water demand are calculated based on the domestic water demand, livestock water demand, and agricultural water demand. The result shows that discharge from 60% rain probability could meet total water demand stated as a surplus, but discharge from 80% rain probability could not meet total water demand and classified as deficit.

Background Sepsis is a multi-system syndrome that remains the leading cause of mortality and critical illness worldwide, with hemodynamic support being one of the cornerstones of the acute management of sepsis. We used an ovine model of endotoxemic shock to determine if 0.9% saline resuscitation contributes to lung inflammation and injury in acute respiratory distress syndrome, which is a common complication of sepsis, and investigated the potential role of matrix metalloproteinases in this process. Methods Endotoxemic shock was induced in sheep by administration of an escalating dose of lipopolysaccharide, after which they subsequently received either no fluid bolus resuscitation or a 0.9% saline bolus. Lung tissue, bronchoalveolar fluid (BAL) and plasma were analysed by real-time PCR, ELISA, flow cytometry and immunohistochemical staining to assess inflammatory cells, cytokines, hyaluronan and matrix metalloproteinases. Results Endotoxemia was associated with decreased serum albumin and total protein levels, with activated neutrophils, while the glycocalyx glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan was significantly increased in BAL. Quantitative real-time PCR studies showed higher expression of IL-6 and IL-8 with saline resuscitation but no difference in matrix metalloproteinase expression. BAL and tissue homogenate levels of IL-6, IL-8 and IL-1β were elevated. Conclusions This data shows that the inflammatory response is enhanced when a host with endotoxemia is resuscitated with saline, with a comparatively higher release of inflammatory cytokines and endothelial/glycocalyx damage, but no change in matrix metalloproteinase levels.

IntroductionCurrent formulations of ready-to-use therapeutic foods (RUTFs) to treat severe acute malnutrition (SAM) in children focus on nutrient density and quantity. Less attention is given to foods targeting gut microbiota metabolism and mucosal barrier functions. Heat-stabilised rice bran contains essential nutrients, prebiotics, vitamins and unique phytochemicals that have demonstrated favourable bioactivity to modulate gut microbiota composition and mucosal immunity. This study seeks to examine the impact of RUTF with rice bran on the microbiota during SAM treatment, recovery and post-treatment growth outcomes in Jember, Indonesia. Findings are expected to provide insights into rice bran as a novel food ingredient to improve SAM treatment outcomes.Methods and analysisA total of 200 children aged 6–59 months with uncomplicated SAM (weight-for-height z-scores (WHZ) <−3, or mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) <115 mm or having bilateral pitting oedema +/++) or approaching SAM (WHZ<−2.5) will be enrolled in a double-blinded, randomised controlled trial. Children in the active control arm will receive a locally produced RUTF; those in the intervention arm will receive the local RUTF with 5% rice bran. Children will receive daily RUTF treatment for 8 weeks and be monitored for 8 weeks of follow-up. Primary outcomes include the effectiveness of RUTF as measured by changes in weight, WHO growth z-scores, MUAC and morbidity. Secondary outcomes include modulation of the gut microbiome and dried blood spot metabolome, the percentage of children recovered at weeks 8 and 12, and malnutrition relapse at week 16. An intention-to-treat analysis will be conducted for each outcome.Ethics and disseminationThe findings of this trial will be submitted to peer-reviewed journals and will be presented at relevant conferences. Ethics approval obtained from the Medical and Health Research Ethical Committee at the Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Madain Yogyakarta Ref. No.: KE/FK/0546/EC/2022 and KE/FK/0703/EC/2023 and from Colorado State University IRB#1823, OHRP FWA00000647.Trial registration numberNCT05319717.

The stethoscope is a commonly used medical device for diagnosing a patient’s condition by listening to their heartbeat. This diagnostic technique is known as auscultation, where each heart sound heard through the stethoscope has a distinct pattern that depends on the person’s heart condition. Researchers have developed computational methods that automatically analyze heart sounds to overcome the subjective nature of auscultation. In this study, we utilized the Hjorth method for feature extraction and the Long Short-Term RNN algorithm for classifying the normal and abnormal heart sounds. With 100 epochs, two layers of LSTM-RNN, and one layer of Dense, the classification accuracy for distinguishing normal and abnormal sounds reached 71.95%. This research aims to contribute to the development of an accurate system for detecting normal and abnormal heart sounds.

The demand for sweet corn in Indonesia tends to increase in parallel with the increase in population . An optimum nutrient availability is indispensable to high production of sweet corn. The application of organic materials is a promising way of increasing sweet corn production. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effectiveness of Eco Enzyme and organic material extracts in creasing biomass accumulation, cob yield and yield quality of sweet corn ( Zea mays sacharrata Sturt). Field experiment was conducted in Kota Sepang, Bandar Lampung of Lampung Province, Indonesia in 2024. Factorial treatments were arranged in Randomized Block Design with three replications. First factor was Eco Enzyme consisting of three levels (control (E0), Eco Enzyme 1 ml (E1) and Eco Enzyme 2 ml (E2)), while second factor was organic material extracts consisting of control (P0), extracts of poultry manure (P1) and mix extracts of poultry manure, shrimp waste and vermicompost (P2). The result of the experiment indicated that the application of Eco Enzyme 2 ml (E2) and mix extracts of poultry manure, shrimp waste and vermicompost increased biomass accumulation, cob weight, K content and brix of sweet corn (Zea mays saccharrata Sturt). It seems that the increase in biomass accumulation, cob weight and yield quality is due most likely to the stimulation of sweet corn growth and K content enhancement.

Data on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) clinical characteristics and severity from resource-limited settings are limited. This study examined clinical characteristics and factors associated with COVID-19 mortality and hospitalisation in rural settings of Indonesia, from 1 January to 31 July, 2021. This retrospective cohort included individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 based on polymerase chain reaction or rapid antigen diagnostic test, from five rural provinces in Indonesia. We extracted demographic and clinical data, including hospitalisation and mortality from a new piloted COVID-19 information system named Sistem Informasi Surveilans Epidemiologi (SISUGI). We used mixed-effect logistic regression to examine factors associated with COVID-19-related mortality and hospitalisation. Of 6,583 confirmed cases, 205 (3.1%) died and 1,727 (26.2%) were hospitalised. The median age was 37 years (Interquartile range 26-51), with 825 (12.6%) under 20 years, and 3,371 (51.2%) females. Most cases were symptomatic (4,533; 68.9%); 319 (4.9%) had a clinical diagnosis of pneumonia and 945 (14.3%) presented with at least one pre-existing comorbidity. Age-specific mortality rates were 0.9% (2/215) for 0-4 years; 0% (0/112) for 5-9 years; 0% (1/498) for 10-19 years; 0.8% (11/1,385) for 20-29 years; 0.9% (12/1,382) for 30-39 years; 2.1% (23/1,095) for 40-49 years; 5.4% (57/1,064) for 50-59 years; 10.8% (62/576) for 60-69 years; 15.9% (37/232) for ≥70 years. Older age, pre-existing diabetes, chronic kidney disease, liver diseases, malignancy, and pneumonia were associated with higher risk of mortality and hospitalisation. Pre-existing hypertension, cardiac diseases, COPD, and immunocompromised condition were associated with risk of hospitalisation but not with mortality. There was no association between province-level density of healthcare workers with mortality and hospitalisation. The risk of COVID-19-related mortality and hospitalisation was associated with higher age, pre-existing chronic comorbidities, and clinical pneumonia. The findings highlight the need for prioritising enhanced context-specific public health action to reduce mortality and hospitalisation risk among older and comorbid rural populations.

Purpose: Supply chain has become an essential element for any organization but risks are the major obstacles in achieving the performance even it can disrupt not only the organization but a whole system. Thus it is compulsory to manage the risks efficiently and effectively. Risk cannot be managed until properly identified, there are numerous studies on risk identification, after comprehensive literature, it has been revealed that the study that identifies overall supply chain risk is scaring. The manufacturing sector of any country is considered as the backbone of any economy, in Malaysia it is the second largest sector in economic contribution and highest in productivity level. The aim of this study is to provide a reliable tool to assess the overall supply chain risks of Malaysian manufacturing through a systematic process. Design/methodology/approach: A detail literature review has been done for categorization of overall supply chain risk sources. Then an instrument has been developed from a pool of items. The questionnaire was purified through pretesting, pilot testing (by the exploratory view) and reliability and validity tests. The data were collected by email from Federation of Malaysian Malaysia (FMM-2017) through systemic probability sampling. Total 132 final responses have been considered for exploratory factor analysis through SPSS 23. Findings: The finding of this study revealed that overall supply chain risks can be categories into seven constructs that are supply side risks, process side risks, demand side risks, logistic side risks, collaboration side risks and environment side risks and the final questionnaire is consisting of 57 items. Research limitations/implications: This study covered tier 1 members of the supply chain. Secondly, the supply chain of manufacturing organizations only has been considered. Practical implications: This study will help the managers to understand what kind of risk sources they can face and which type of risks under these risk sources they should consider while decision making. Originality/value: This article will justify the need for Malaysian manufacturing by providing a validated and reliable instrument for the identification and assessment of their risks under major supply chain risk sources.