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The Brass commonly used in pipe industry, radiator, screw, and firearm’s cartridge case because their mechanical properties combination such as strength, ductility, corrosion resistance and good drawability. Deep drawing process are used to make cartridge case. In deep drawing process, the materials with high drawability are needed. In some case, drawability of metal can increased with adding alloying element, cold working, and heat treatment. In this research, the influence of addition 0.5 wt. % Al and 0.15 wt. % Mn on microstructure and hardness of Cu-32Zn alloy are investigated. The sample of Cu-32Zn-0.5Al-0.15Mn will be cold rolled with variation deformation levels of 20, 40 and 70%. Further, sample are annealed at temperature of 300, 400, 500 and 600 °C for 30 minutes. The result showed that the as-cast samples of Cu-32Zn-0.5Al-0.15Mn have the hardness of 72.4 VHN. Further, the as-homogenized showed the hardness of 70.66 VHN. Sample with 70 % deformation level showed the structure of shear band and have the highest hardness number of 236.6 VHN. On the other hand, sample with 20% deformation level and follow up by annealing process at 600 °C showed the lowest hardness of 135.94 VHN. The optimum hardness are reached on sample with 70 % deformation level and annealing temperature at 300 °C. This research conclude that the increase of deformation level follow up by the increase of sample hardness. Further, annealing process tend to decrease the sample hardness due to the grain growth.

Data on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) clinical characteristics and severity from resource-limited settings are limited. This study examined clinical characteristics and factors associated with COVID-19 mortality and hospitalisation in rural settings of Indonesia, from 1 January to 31 July, 2021. This retrospective cohort included individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 based on polymerase chain reaction or rapid antigen diagnostic test, from five rural provinces in Indonesia. We extracted demographic and clinical data, including hospitalisation and mortality from a new piloted COVID-19 information system named Sistem Informasi Surveilans Epidemiologi (SISUGI). We used mixed-effect logistic regression to examine factors associated with COVID-19-related mortality and hospitalisation. Of 6,583 confirmed cases, 205 (3.1%) died and 1,727 (26.2%) were hospitalised. The median age was 37 years (Interquartile range 26-51), with 825 (12.6%) under 20 years, and 3,371 (51.2%) females. Most cases were symptomatic (4,533; 68.9%); 319 (4.9%) had a clinical diagnosis of pneumonia and 945 (14.3%) presented with at least one pre-existing comorbidity. Age-specific mortality rates were 0.9% (2/215) for 0-4 years; 0% (0/112) for 5-9 years; 0% (1/498) for 10-19 years; 0.8% (11/1,385) for 20-29 years; 0.9% (12/1,382) for 30-39 years; 2.1% (23/1,095) for 40-49 years; 5.4% (57/1,064) for 50-59 years; 10.8% (62/576) for 60-69 years; 15.9% (37/232) for ≥70 years. Older age, pre-existing diabetes, chronic kidney disease, liver diseases, malignancy, and pneumonia were associated with higher risk of mortality and hospitalisation. Pre-existing hypertension, cardiac diseases, COPD, and immunocompromised condition were associated with risk of hospitalisation but not with mortality. There was no association between province-level density of healthcare workers with mortality and hospitalisation. The risk of COVID-19-related mortality and hospitalisation was associated with higher age, pre-existing chronic comorbidities, and clinical pneumonia. The findings highlight the need for prioritising enhanced context-specific public health action to reduce mortality and hospitalisation risk among older and comorbid rural populations.

This comparative–descriptive multi-national research examined the screen time and playtime of preschool children aged 1–6 years before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Parents reported on the play and screen habits of preschool-aged children on the weekday and weekends using a questionnaire on the lifestyle habits of their children. Results indicated a significant difference in screen time and playtime on the weekday and weekend before the pandemic (screen time: 1.91 ± 2.40 vs. 2.16 ± 2.60 h; playtime: 3.55 ± 2.49 vs. 4.11 ± 2.58 h, both p < 0.05), but during the COVID-19 pandemic, only the weekday–weekend difference in screen time was significantly different (screen time: 2.87 ± 3.15 vs. 3.26 ± 3.18 h, p < 0.05; playtime: 3.25 ± 3.41 vs. 3.48 ± 2.41, p > 0.05). Before- and during-COVID-19 comparisons showed that the average daily screen time increased by 150% from 2.04 h to 3.06 h (p < 0.05), while the average play time decreased by 12.3% (3.83 to 3.36 h, p < 0.05). Based upon international guidelines for movement behaviours of young children, special attention and actions are needed to manage the excessive daily screen time and preserve the average daily playtime of Javanese preschool children. These results present useful benchmarking data for parents, teachers, and health authorities to initiate ameliorative interventions to better balance children’s screen time and playtime as Indonesia emerges from the COVID-19 pandemic to a COVID-19 endemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic has transformed Indonesians’ behaviors and has had an impact on many facets of daily life. People’s lives are becoming increasingly dependent on digital technologies, which is a phenomenon with conflicting effects on people’s health and happiness. This cross-sectional study focused on one such influence, namely, how the shift from the period before to during COVID-19 has affected children’s playtime and sleep duration. As part of a multicenter study, 618 adult caregivers (parents, family members, or babysitters) who visited the kindergarten in question on behalf of preschool children aged 2–5 years (4.04 ± 1.39) were surveyed on the children’s play and sleep habits before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia, particularly Java Island (before pandemic, N = 309; during pandemic, N = 309). ANOVA was used for a statistical analysis to describe the difference between groups and within time collections. Significant favorable relationships were found between pre-pandemic and post-pandemic playtime and sleeping time on weekdays, weekends, and averaged weekday-weekend (r = 0.437; 0.180 and 0.321, all p < 0.05) were detected. Before the pandemic, children’s playtime (4.11 vs. 3.55 h) and sleep duration (10.92 vs. 10.70 h) were significantly greater on the weekend than on the weekday (p < 0.05) but not during the pandemic (playtime: 3.48 vs. 3.45 h and sleep duration: 10.83 vs. 10.80 h; all p > 0.05). The COVID-19 pandemic had no impact on sleep duration or playtime in Javanese preschool children. Efforts should be intensified to promote the value of playtime and sleep duration among children in this age range so that the future of Indonesian children’s can be ensured.

BackgroundData on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) clinical characteristics and severity from resource-limited settings are limited. This study examined clinical characteristics and factors associated with COVID-19 mortality and hospitalisation in rural settings of Indonesia, from 1 January to 31 July, 2021.MethodsThis retrospective cohort included individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 based on polymerase chain reaction or rapid antigen diagnostic test, from five rural provinces in Indonesia. We extracted demographic and clinical data, including hospitalisation and mortality from a new piloted COVID-19 information system named Sistem Informasi Surveilans Epidemiologi (SISUGI). We used mixed-effect logistic regression to examine factors associated with COVID-19-related mortality and hospitalisation.ResultsOf 6,583 confirmed cases, 205 (3.1%) died and 1,727 (26.2%) were hospitalised. The median age was 37 years (Interquartile range 26-51), with 825 (12.6%) under 20 years, and 3,371 (51.2%) females. Most cases were symptomatic (4,533; 68.9%); 319 (4.9%) had a clinical diagnosis of pneumonia and 945 (14.3%) presented with at least one pre-existing comorbidity. Age-specific mortality rates were 0.9% (2/215) for 0-4 years; 0% (0/112) for 5-9 years; 0% (1/498) for 10-19 years; 0.8% (11/1,385) for 20-29 years; 0.9% (12/1,382) for 30-39 years; 2.1% (23/1,095) for 40-49 years; 5.4% (57/1,064) for 50-59 years; 10.8% (62/576) for 60-69 years; 15.9% (37/232) for ≥70 years. Older age, pre-existing diabetes, chronic kidney disease, liver diseases, malignancy, and pneumonia were associated with higher risk of mortality and hospitalisation. Pre-existing hypertension, cardiac diseases, COPD, and immunocompromised condition were associated with risk of hospitalisation but not with mortality. There was no association between province-level density of healthcare workers with mortality and hospitalisation.ConclusionThe risk of COVID-19-related mortality and hospitalisation was associated with higher age, pre-existing chronic comorbidities, and clinical pneumonia. The findings highlight the need for prioritising enhanced context-specific public health action to reduce mortality and hospitalisation risk among older and comorbid rural populations.

Information regarding Helicobacter pylori antibiotic resistance in Indonesia was previously inadequate. We assessed antibiotic susceptibility for H. pylori in Indonesia, and determined the association between virulence genes or genetic mutations and antibiotic resistance. We recruited 849 dyspeptic patients who underwent endoscopy in 11 cities in Indonesia. E-test was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration of five antibiotics. PCR-based sequencing assessed mutations in 23S rRNA, rdxA, gyrA, gyrB, and virulence genes. Next generation sequencing was used to obtain full-length sequences of 23S rRNA, infB, and rpl22. We cultured 77 strains and identified 9.1% with clarithromycin resistance. Low prevalence was also found for amoxicillin and tetracycline resistance (5.2% and 2.6%, respectively). In contrast, high resistance rates to metronidazole (46.7%) and levofloxacin (31.2%) were demonstrated. Strains isolated from Sumatera Island had significantly higher metronidazole resistance than those from other locations. Metronidazole resistant strains had highly distributed rdxA amino acid substitutions and the 23S rRNA A2143G mutation was associated with clarithromycin resistance (42.9%). However, one strain with the highest MIC value had a novel mutation in rpl22 without an A2143G mutation. Mutation at Asn-87 and/or Asp-91 of gyrA was associated with levofloxacin-resistance and was related to gyrB mutations. In conclusions, although this is a pilot study for a larger survey, our current data show that Indonesian strains had the high prevalence of metronidazole and levofloxacin resistance with low prevalence of clarithromycin, amoxicillin, and tetracycline resistance. Nevertheless, clarithromycin- or metronidazole-based triple therapy should be administered with caution in some regions of Indonesia.

The goal of reducing aerodynamic drag is crucial for improving vehicle fuel efficiency and lowering emissions, particularly in bluff-body vehicles undergoing significant wake-induced drag. This research explores the aerodynamic characteristics of a modified Ahmed body model through computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations conducted in ANSYS Fluent. The main objective is to assess the impact of passive flow control by embedding a vortex generator at the rear of the vehicle, with inclination angles ranging from 0° to 30°. The baseline model shows considerable wake formation due to early flow separation, leading to a high drag coefficient of 0.864 and a notably negative rear pressure coefficient of -0.306. Implementing the vortex generator effectively delays separation, reduces the wake size, and enhances rear pressure recovery. The best aerodynamic performance is observed at a vortex generator inclination angle of 20°, where the drag coefficient decreases by 8.68% and the average rear pressure coefficient improves to -0.1936. Beyond 20°, the effectiveness declines due to increased flow disturbances and turbulence, causing a rise in drag. These results confirm the angle-dependent behavior of vortex generators and their potential for passive drag reduction, aligning with existing literature. The findings provide valuable insights for optimizing the aerodynamics of ground vehicles using cost-effective, energy-efficient flow control methods.

Originality/value: As the first systematic bibliometric review of Halal education within GBL, this study provides a foundational roadmap for embedding Islamic and Halal principles into the evolving field of culturally responsive digital learning. It contributes to both academic scholarship and practical innovation by bridging the gap between global GBL trends and faithbased educational needs.

This study aims to compare and criticize the sustainable mobility policy and progress in Jakarta and Surabaya. Sustainable mobility is part of the program to achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), especially for goals 11 (cities and sustainable settlement) and goal 13 (climate change mitigation). To analyze data, this study uses qualitative methods and data collection with documentation techniques. The result of this study is that several regulations and programs implemented by the Jakarta and Surabaya governments indicate that Jakarta has made better progress in supporting sustainable transportation than Surabaya. Ironically, the gap in policies and infrastructure between Jakarta and Surabaya has prevented the Jakarta government from surpassing Surabaya in achieving sustainable transportation outcomes. There are several factors behind this condition, namely geographical and morphological factors also infrastructure development priority. Recommendations offered to both city governments include regular evaluation of the effectiveness of sustainable mobility policies and infrastructure, optimization of green spaces, and involving communities of people with disabilities in the city’s mobility policy-making process.

Pembelajaran tahfiz ialah pembelajaran yang mencabar. Ia menuntut disiplin, kerja keras dan komitmen daripada murid. Di Malaysia, pendidikan tahfiz ialah salah satu pendidikan arus perdana yang ditawarkan dan merupakan pendidikan yang mendapat permintaan tinggi daripada ibubapa. Kajian lepas menunjukkan bahawa terdapat masalah dalam menamatkan hafazan al-Quran dalam kalangan murid tahfiz. Di samping itu, kajian lampau turut menunjukkan bahawa kajian tentang tahfiz tidak memberi fokus kepada aspek komitmen belajar murid, oleh itu aspek ini perlu diteroka. Kajian kualitatif ini memberi fokus kepada komitmen belajar dalam kalangan murid tahfiz. Secara khususnya, kajian ini bertujuan untuk meneroka aspek komitmen belajar murid tahfiz. Temu bual mendalam adalah kaedah pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam kajian ini. Dua belas orang murid tahfiz beserta enam orang guru terlibat sebagai peserta kajian. Dapatan menunjukkan bahawa terdapat tiga aspek komitmen belajar murid. Tiga aspek komitmen belajar murid berkaitan dengan aspek emosi, kognitif dan tingkah laku. Aspek emosi meliputi kesabaran dan minat murid tahfiz dalam pembelajaran mereka. Aspek kognitif pula merangkumi kemampuan murid menentukan matlamat yang ingin dicapai, kemampuan merancang masa belajar dan ketekunan serta fokus dalam pembelajaran. Sementara itu, aspek tingkah laku pula merujuk kepada kecenderungan murid mengambil bahagian dalam aktiviti sekolah yang menyokong pembelajaran tahfiz mereka. Kajian ini secara jelas mengemukakan implikasi penting kepada murid, guru dan sekolah tahfiz itu sendiri untuk memberi perhatian kepada aspek komitmen belajar bagi membantu perjalanan pembelajaran tahfiz mereka. Peranan ibubapa, guru dan murid itu sendiri turut ditekankan dalam kajian ini bagi meningkatkan komitmen belajar murid tahfiz. Beberapa saranan untuk kajian pada masa akan datang turut dikemukakan dalam kajian ini.