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The main objective of this study was to evaluate the use of construction and demolition waste (CDW) from the Passo Fundo region of Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil, in the development of aerated foamed concrete. This waste had not yet been characterized or even reused. CDW was processed (sieved only), characterized, and used as an aggregate, completely substituting natural sand. The influence of CDW granulometry and the amount of foam upon compressive strength, wet and dry bulk density, water absorption, and the air voids of concrete blocks were determined. Results showed that CDW has regular characteristics for the development of aerated foamed concrete. Compressive strength and density decreased as the amount of foam increased, while water absorption and air voids also increased. Also, CDW that was classified as coarse showed higher compressive strength. On average, CDW medium-sized particles had a higher air void content, while water absorption showed little variation with respect to granulometry. CDW residue from the region of study can be used as aggregate for the development of aerated foamed concrete. However, it must characterized before being used to guarantee the quality of the final product.

The main objective of this study was to evaluate the use of additives in producing foamed concrete blocks, which were made by totally replacing natural sand with civil construction waste (CCW). The concrete blocks were developed in accordance with an experimental design that used the complete factorial statistical method, for which three factors with different levels were considered: cement type (CP-V, CP II-Z, and CP II-F); use of additive (without additive, plasticizer, air entrainment, and superplasticizer) and foam amount (5.7%, 7.7%, and 9.5% of the total mass). The influence of each factor and the interactions between them were assessed on the following response variables: compressive strength, dry and saturated density, air voids, water absorption, and thermal conductivity. The results show that all factors had a significant influence on the variable response. For example, the use of the superplasticizer additive resulted in higher compressive strength, lower density, lower air void, and lower thermal conductivity. Finally, the use of additives had little influence on the response variables in relation to the other factors.

Purpose: To systematically review the existing literature that examines the relationship between cognition, hearing, and language in children using cochlear implants and hearing aids. Method: The review has been registered in Prospero (Registration: CRD 42020203974). The review was based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis and examined the scientific literature in VHL, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus, WOS, and Embase. It included original observational studies in children using hearing aids and/or cochlear implants who underwent cognitive and auditory and/or language tests. Data were extracted from the studies and their level of evidence was graded with the Oxford Center for Evidence-Based Medicine: Levels of Evidence. Meta-analysis could not be performed due to data heterogeneity. Outcomes are described in narrative and tables synthesis. Results: The systematic search and subsequent full-text evaluation identified 21 studies, conducted in 10 different countries. Altogether, their samples comprised 1,098 individuals, aged 0.16 to 12.6 years. The studies assessed the following cognitive domains: memory, nonverbal cognition, reasoning, attention, executive functions, language, perceptual-motor function, visuoconstructive ability, processing speed, and phonological processing/phonological memory. Children with hearing loss using cochlear implants and hearing aids scored significantly lower in many cognitive functions than normal hearing (NH) children. Neurocognitive functions were correlated with hearing and language outcomes. Conclusion: Many cognitive tools were used to assess cognitive function in children with hearing devices. Results suggest that children with cochlear implants and hearing aids have cognitive deficits; these outcomes are mainly correlated with vocabulary. This study highlights the need to understand children's cognitive function and increase the knowledge of the relationship between cognition, language, and hearing in children using cochlear implants and hearing aids.

Endometritis is an inflammation of the endometrium associated with bacterial infection. The pathogenesis of endometritis in cows is still not completely understood. The combined analysis of the markers of inflammation and oxidative stress has contributed to a better understanding of disease mechanisms, but is still unexplored in uterine disorders. Moreover, research provides evidence about an important role of the vagus nerve in regulating the innate immune function through the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway in response to bacterial infections. This new pathway has demonstrated a critical role in controlling the inflammatory system. The aim of this study was to evaluate the activity of cholinesterase in total blood, lymphocytes, and serum of dairy cows with clinical and subclinical endometritis. Sixty-one Holstein cows, between 30 and 45 days in milk, were classified into 3 groups of animals: presenting clinical endometritis (n = 22), subclinical endometritis (n = 17), and healthy (n = 22). Mean leukocyte counts did not differ among groups, but the neutrophil number was significantly higher in cows with clinical endometritis than those in healthy animals. Also, serum concentration of interleukin-1beta (pg/mL) was significantly higher in cows with endometritis. The activity of acetylcholinesterase in blood and lymphocytes increased in both groups with endometritis. Animals with endometritis presented an increase in lipid peroxidation, but the antioxidant enzyme activity (catalase levels) was higher in endometritis groups than in normal cows. In conclusion, the inflammatory process of clinical and subclinical endometritis leads to systemic lipid peroxidation despite the compensatory increase of the antioxidant enzyme. These data also provide evidence of an important role of the cholinergic pathway in regulating dairy cows with clinical and subclinical endometritis.

Background and objectives: The ability to prepare food can impact on people's food choices. Cooking skills have been devised, developed and perfected in all societies, and improved from generation to generation. However, it is of concern that young people are not acquiring the basic skills of cooking that enable them to have autonomy over the foods they choose. Given this scenario, it is necessary to develop strategies aimed at sensitizing people on the importance of cooking and improving culinary skills. The objective of the present study was to show a food and nutritional education program developed with audio-visual resources, to encourage the development of cooking skills in the community. Methods: The selection of themes to compound the program was based on a review of cooking techniques (cutting, chopping, peeling, tempering, and cooking methods like roasting, grilling, frying, steam cooking) involved in pre-preparation and preparation of foods. The elaboration of theoretical content used in the videos was based on books of gastronomy and scientific articles. The videos were recorded by three students of the undergraduate nutrition course of the Federal University of Santa Catarina, Brazil, supervised by teachers of disciplines related to food preparation. All videos were developed in the Dietetic Technique Laboratory of the university, using a semiprofessional camera and the program Final Cut Pro for Windows to edict the videos. Results: Twenty-five videos were developed on the following topics: cleaning fruits and vegetables, measuring techniques and ingredients weighing, types of knives, mise en place, use and functions of utensils in the kitchen (sieve, vegetables peeler, kitchen brush, sharpening steel, cutting board, fouet, spatula) use and functions of stand mixer, food processor, blender and oven. Up to now 15 videos have been posted weekly in a youtube channel developed for this purpose and they were shared in social networking's Facebook and Instagram for the dissemination of the activities developed in the program. The average video views on Facebook and Instagram were 259.27 and 103.42, respectively. Conclusions: The activities developed allowed the development of materials on topics of culinary practice that are fundamental for the development and improvement of the culinary skills of the community