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The Ukraine crisis, the sharp increase in the price of electricity and the excessive dependence of the European Union countries on fossil fuels from Russia have led to a series of actions in the direction of energy saving, clean energy production and diversification of energy sources. The REPoweEU plan, through related financial and legal measures, aims to build a new infrastructure and a new energy system at the EU level. The reduction of energy consumption represents an important orientation of this plan, and in this context, the present study investigates, based on a questionnaire, the behaviour of consumers (households) in Romania towards voluntary measures to reduce electricity energy consumption and identify the behavioural differences between four generations: Baby Boomers, X, Y, and Z. The analysis of the results was performed using ANOVA and Tukey statistical tests, using the SAS Studio software application. The results highlight some differences in the behaviour of generations and the patterns regarding the approach to behavioural integration for responsible energy consumption. The work is useful because it outlines the attitude and behaviour of Romanian consumers toward the national and European objectives of reducing energy consumption, energy waste, and increasing the share of alternative energy sources.

Energy efficiency and consumption, sustainability and renewable energy sources are increasingly relevant topics in today’s world. Considering the increasing trend of energy use among household consumers in the context of the global energy deficit, the purpose of this study is to examine generational attitudinal variables of rural household consumers in Romania and the Republic of Serbia regarding the reduction of electricity consumption. It also studies the importance that household consumers assign to the use of ‘green’ energy in the energy mix, as a key factor for reducing the carbon footprint and sustainable development. The findings demonstrated some differences in the attitudes of respondents from the two analysed countries, corroborated with differences in sustainable behaviour between generations. The main results covering the whole analyzed sample show that the concern and interest in electricity consumption increases with the age of the respondents. Respondents from Generation X are the best informed about the knowledge of measures to reduce electricity consumption. The study reveals a higher degree of information and knowledge among respondents in the Republic of Serbia than in Romania regarding measures to reduce household electricity consumption and, at the same time, an increased interest in both countries for the use of renewable energy sources in the future. These findings highlight the complex dynamics of behavioural factors and their collective impact on attitudes related to sustainable electricity consumption. The study provides insights into how attitudinal variables influence different aspects of electricity consumption reduction behaviour, offering potential directions for interventions aimed at, on the one hand, promoting measures by which energy consumption can be reduced and on the other hand , encouraging the use of renewable energy in the energy system.

In Romania, banks identified seven high systemic risks and three moderate systemic risks. According to National Bank of Romania analysis, two of the systemic risks assessed at a high level by banks, namely the deterioration of internal macroeconomic balances and the rapid reduction of investor confidence in emerging economies are considered the most important systemic risks for financial stability. The main negative effects generated by the COVID-19 pandemic and the possible long-term implications of the COVID-19 have been identified. This research presents the systemic risks on the financial system for the period September 2020 - September 2021, identified by the banks within the Romanian banking system.

In Romania, banks identified seven high systemic risks and three moderate systemic risks. According to National Bank of Romania analysis, two of the systemic risks assessed at a high level by banks, namely the deterioration of internal macroeconomic balances and the rapid reduction of investor confidence in emerging economies are considered the most important systemic risks for financial stability. The main negative effects generated by the COVID-19 pandemic and the possible long-term implications of the COVID-19 have been identified. This research presents the systemic risks on the financial system for the period September 2020 - September 2021, identified by the banks within the Romanian banking system.

The purpose of this research is to identify the existing environmental problems at the level of the analyzed region and to propose possible solutions to reduce these problems. The main methods used in the creation of the article are the documentary research carried out with the help of the secondary analysis of quantitative data within the Research Center \"Business management and entrepreneurial development\" within the University, as well as a questionnaire on the perception of residents on environmental pollution in the West Region. The authors analyze the main environmental factors, (air, water and soil, biological diversity) which are under constant threat due to the intensification of economic activities that exert strong pressure on the environment. Among the causes of environmental pollution are a few activities such as: industry, transport, agricultural and commercial activities, residential areas, etc. Following the application of the questionnaire method, relevant information was obtained regarding the population's level of awareness of environmental problems, as well as their opinions on the measures necessary to reduce pollution in the region. At the end of the paper, the authors formulate the conclusions resulting from identifying environmental problems synthesized by category and proposing solutions to reduce these problems and to adapt to the new environmental conditions. This research covers knowledge gaps regarding environmental issues in the Western Region of Romania, providing a detailed analysis and tailored solutions for sustainable development.

The extensive availability of Internet has led to the recognition of problematic Internet use (so called Internet addiction, IA) mostly involving adolescents. There are limited data about the prevalence and consequences of IA in adults especially among high school teachers. Here, we present a cross-sectional prospective study focusing on the association of Internet addiction with burnout, depression, insomnia, and lower quality of life among high school teachers taking many co-variates into account. Overall, 623 males (34.3%) and 1194 females (65.7%) participated in our study. Internet addiction was detected in 5.2% (95/1817) based on the Problematic Internet Use Questionnaire. Internet addiction was associated with severe burnout (10.5 vs. 2.7%, p < 0.001), moderate (36.8 vs. 1.7%, p < 0.001), and severe (6.3 vs. 0.1%, p < 0.001) depression, insomnia (23.1 vs. 11.4%, p < 0.001), and severe sleep disturbance (severe insomnia, 27.4 vs. 3.8%, p < 0.001) and lower quality of life in all domains (p < 0.001). There was also a significant correlation of the severity of the above-mentioned parameters and the severity of IA (overall scores, p < 0.001 in all cases). In a multivariate analysis including demographic criteria, risk factors medical conditions and the above-mentioned parameters as co-variates internet addiction was significantly associated with depression (OR = 3.836, CI: 2.92–5.44, p = 0.03), and insomnia (OR: 3.932, CI: 3.6–5.69, p = 0.002). This is the first study from Hungary and is one of the first studies showing the association of IA with mental issues, burnout, and lower quality of life among adults. It underlines the clinical importance of problematic Internet use among adults.

Introduction: The extensive availability of the internet has led to the recognition of problematic internet use (so-called internet addiction—IA) mostly concerning adolescents. Aim: Here, we present a study focusing on the prevalence and risk factors of internet addiction in Hungarian high school students, using a questionnaire-based survey. Results: Overall, 3000 paper-based questionnaires were successfully delivered and 2540 responses were received (response rate of 84.6%). A total of 1309 males (mean age 17.6 ± 1.43 years) (51.5%) and 1231 females (mean age 17.5 ± 1.4 years) (48.5%) took part in our study. Internet addiction was detected in 486 (19.1%) students (232 males, mean age 17.6 ± 1.35 years, and 254 females, mean age 17.34 ± 1.37 years) based on the Problematic Internet Use Questionnaire. In a multivariate analysis, age (age of 17, OR = 3.688, p < 0.001), family status (living without parents) (OR = 2.091, p = 0.034), the size of the household (more than five people per household) (OR = 2.546, p = 0.026), spending more than 6 h online (OR = 5.457, p < 0.001), and daily time interval (OR = 84.316, p < 0.001) were significantly associated with internet addiction. Alcohol use (OR = 10.341, p = 0.001), drug intake (OR = 6.689, p = 0.001) and musculoskeletal disorders (OR = 3.966, p = 0.047) were also strongly associated with IA. Conclusion: A significant proportion of our students suffered from IA, which is associated with substance intake (possible abuse) and musculoskeletal pain in the multivariate analysis. Our study also draws attention to the preventable risk factors of IA, such as working hours or nighttime internet use, number of hours spent online and family surroundings.

The necessity of entrepreneurship in rural area is an actual one. A smart entrepreneurial variant of contemporary village’s development could be “the smart tourist village”, to capitalize rural resources. Thus, in this research we come to a variant of contemporary village’s development, respectively “smart tourist village”, which is the basic idea of the work. To demonstrate that the notion of “smart tourist village” can be a future idea of sustainable rural entrepreneurship the steps undertaken were: the identification of the representative aspects of the villages from Maramures and of their specific resources presentation of the specific aspects; the study also made a quantitative presentation of the rural tourism infrastructure from Maramures by localities; and identifies the perception and “vision” of tourists and owners of tourist structures about Maramures tourist village as an innovative solution with benefits for tourists and locals. The information collected by using the method of qualitative case study served to sketch a possible projection such as “smart tourist village” taking into account the possible costs, return on investment, possible design and advantages.

In Romania, banks identified seven high systemic risks and three moderate systemic risks. According to National Bank of Romania analysis, two of the systemic risks assessed at a high level by banks, namely the deterioration of internal macroeconomic balances and the rapid reduction of investor confidence in emerging economies are considered the most important systemic risks for financial stability. The main negative effects generated by the COVID-19 pandemic and the possible long-term implications of the COVID-19 have been identified. This research presents the systemic risks on the financial system for the period September 2020 - September 2021, identified by the banks within the Romanian banking system.

The objective of the article is to analyze, based on social exchange theory, the different risk and safety perceptions of employees and customers in the hospitality industry regarding the protections against the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in an emerging market, namely in Romania. To this end, a questionnaire was administered simultaneously to both categories in Romanian hospitality units obtaining a sample of 561 employees and customers in the sector. While the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 virus has generated a lot of diverse research, studies focused on this particular topic, also regarding both customers and employees, were much less exploited. Therefore, eleven working hypotheses were formulated. It was highlighted that there is a positive perception of safety at work for employees, and jobs are protected from disappearance due to the pandemic through active measures taken by the organization. Employees do not show a significant desire to change jobs due to the new working conditions. The magnitude of safety measures taken had a positive impact on the customers, and customers do not pose a significant threat in hospitality industry units regarding the possibility of infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The paper enlarges the understanding of behavioral effects of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, while from a managerial perspective the results are particularly useful for hospitality industry owners in order to attract and retain employees and to communicate and develop better relations with customers.