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Angelica sinensis is a medicinal plant widely used to treat multiple diseases in Asia and Europe, which contains numerous active components with therapeutic value. The interaction between root and rhizosphere microorganisms is crucial for the growth and quality formation of medicinal plants. But the micro-plant-metabolite regulation patterns for A. sinensis remain largely undetermined. Here, we collected roots and rhizosphere soils from  A. sinensis  in seedling stage (M) and picking stage (G), respectively cultivated for one year and two years, generated metabolite for roots, microbiota data for rhizospheres, and conducted a comprehensive analysis. Changes in metabolic and microbial communities of  A.sinensis  over growth were distinct. The composition of rhizosphere microbes in G was dominated by proteobacteria, which had a strong correlation with the synthesis of organic acids, while in M was dominated by Actinobacteria, which had a strong correlation with the synthesis of phthalide and other organoheterocyclic compounds, flavonoids, amines, and fatty acid. Additionally, co-occurrence network analysis identified that  Arthrobacter  was found to be strongly correlated with the accumulation of senkyunolide A and n-butylidenephthalide.  JGI 0001001.H03  was found to be strongly correlated with the accumulation of chlorogenic acid. Based on rhizosphere microorganisms, this study investigated the correlation between root metabolism and rhizosphere microbiota of A. sinensis at different growth stages in traditional geoherb region, which could provide references for exploring the quality formation mechanism of A. sinensis in the future.

The roots of Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels are well known for their efficacy in promoting blood circulation. Although many studies have indicated that phthalides are the main chemical components responsible for the pharmacological properties of A. sinensis, the phthalide biosynthetic pathway and enzymes that transform different phthalides are still poorly understood. We identified 108 potential candidate isoforms for phthalide accumulation using transcriptome and metabolite profile analyses. Then, six enzymes, including phospho-2-dehydro-3-deoxyheptonate aldolase 2, shikimate dehydrogenase, primary amine oxidase, polyphenol oxidase, tyrosine decarboxylase, and shikimate O-hydroxycinnamoyl transferase, were identified and proven to be involved in phthalide accumulation by heterologously expressing these proteins in Escherichia coli . We proposed a possible mechanism underlying phthalide transformation and biosynthetic pathways in A. sinensis based on our findings. The results of our study can provide valuable information for understanding the mechanisms underlying phthalide accumulation and transformation and enable further development of quality control during the cultivation of A. sinensis .

Xyloketal B (Xyl-B) is a novel marine compound isolated from mangrove fungus Xylaria sp. (No 2508). We previously showed that Xyl-B promoted endothelial NO release and protected against atherosclerosis through the Akt/eNOS pathway. Vascular NO production regulates vasoconstriction in central and peripheral arteries and plays an important role in blood pressure control. In this study, we examined whether Xyl-B exerted an antihypertensive effect in a hypertensive rat model, and further explored the possible mechanisms underlying its antihypertensive action. Administration of Xyl-B (20 mg·kg-1 ·d-1 , ip, for 12 weeks) significantly decreased the systolic and diastolic blood pressure in a two-kidney, two-clip (2K2C) renovascular hypertensive rats. In endothelium-intact and endothelium-denuded thoracic aortic rings, pretreatment with Xyl-B (20 μmol/L) significantly suppressed phenylephrine (Phe)-induced contractions, suggesting that its vasorelaxant effect was attributed to both endothelial-dependent and endothelial-independent mechanisms. We used SNP, methylene blue (MB, guanylate cyclase inhibitor) and indomethacin (IMC, cyclooxygenase inhibitor) to examine which endothelial pathway was involved, and found that MB, but not IMC, reversed the inhibitory effects of Xyl-B on Phe-induced vasocontraction. Moreover, Xyl-B increased the endothelial NO bioactivity and smooth muscle cGMP level, revealing that the NO-sGC-cGMP pathway, rather than PGI2 , mediated the anti-hypertensive effect of Xyl-B. We further showed that Xyl-B significantly attenuated KCl-induced Ca2+ entry in smooth muscle cells in vitro, which was supposed to be mediated by voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels (VDCCs), and reduced ryanodine-induced aortic contractions, which may be associated with store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE). Taken together, these findings demonstrate that Xyl-B exerts significant antihypertensive effects not only through the endothelial NO-sGC-cGMP pathway but also through smooth muscle calcium signaling, including VDCCs and SOCE.

The electronic information industry has its representative or revolutionary products for every period, such as smart phones, notebook computers, etc.. These all-encompassing and refreshing products are produced. Most people to be discussed is the surface mount technology (SMT, Surface Mount Technology) process. It can be regarded as the basic and the most important technologies for electronic information products.Therefore, most business invest huge amounts of money, people to devote improvement and advancement to meet the changing market demand every time. In this study, the company's surface mount technology (SMT) equipment production line. The reflow process was used as an example. The external cooling host was used as a cooling method. Due to long-term use, occurred those problems related to the process/operation/environment. The purpose is to use SWOT、engineering economic analysis to assess those problem and summarize the most suitable improvement project for the plant The conclusions and recommendations

The gene-guided dosing strategy of warfarin generally leads to over-dose in patients at doses lower than 2 mg/kg, and only 50% of individual variability in daily stable doses can be explained, In this study, we developed a novel population pharmacokinetic （PK） model based on a warfarin dose algorithm for Han Chinese patients with valve replacement for improving the dose prediction accuracy, especially in patients with low doses. The individual pharmacokinetic （PK） parameter - apparent clearance of S- and R-warfarin （CLs） was obtained after establishing and validating the population PK model from 296 recruited patients with valve replacement. Then, the individual estimation of CLs, VKORCl genotypes, the steady-state international normalized ratio （INR） values and age were used to describe the maintenance doses by multiple linear regression for 144 steady-state patients. The newly established dosing algorithm was then validated in an independent group of 42 patients and was compared with other dosing algorithms for the accuracy and precision of prediction. The final regression model developed was as follows： Dose=-0.023×AGE＋1.834×VKORC1＋0.952×1NR＋2.156×CLs （the target INR value ranges from 1.8 to 2.5）. The validation of the algorithm in another group of 42 patients showed that the individual variation rate （71.6%） was higher than in the gene-guided dosing models. The over-estimation rate in patients with low doses （〈2 mg/kg） was lower than the other dosing methods. This novel dosing algorithm based on a population PK model improves the predictive performance of the maintenance dose of warfarin, especially for low dose （〈2 mg/d） patients.

Objective: Catheter-based pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) is an established therapy for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. The high-density mesh mapper (HDMM) guides circumferential PV-atrium isolation without the 3D electroanatomic mapping. This study aims to compare circumferential pulmonary vein (CPV) anatomy mapping between guiding by a 3D mapping system and the HDMM. Methods: Forty-four consecutive patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation were scheduled for a first procedure for PVI. A CPV ostial anatomy map guided by HDMM was set up in the CARTO system while the operator was blinded to the CARTO screen. Then CARTO-guided ipsilateral PV maps were obtained and PVI was performed. This established another set of CPV ostial anatomy maps. The differences between the two mapping images were compared and analyzed. Results: All 176 PVs in 44 patients could be mapped by both HDMM and CARTO. About 44.9%of the PV ostial anatomies were generally similar between the two different map images. The average point-to-point straight distance between the HDMM-guided map and the CARTO-guided map was 6.2 ± 1.4 mm. The area of the circumferential right PV (CRPV) in the HDMM map was larger than that in the CARTO map (P ? 0.013). After a mean follow-up of 18.3 ± 4.3 months (6e24 months), 72.7%of patients (32/44) were free of atrial arrhythmia without anti-arrhythmic drugs (AADs). Conclusion: Compared to the CARTO-guided CPV anatomy image, a highly similar figure could be achieved by mapping guided by the HDMM. (Clinical trial.gov number, ChiCTR-TNRC-11001390.) Copyright ? 2015, Chinese Medical Association Production. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

Background Emerging evidence suggests that epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) and epigenetic mechanisms promote metastasis . Histone deacetylases (HDACs) and noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are important epigenetic regulators. Here, we elucidated a novel role of histone deacetylase 2 ( HDAC2 ) in regulating EMT and CRC metastasis via ncRNA. Methods The expression of HDACs in CRC was analyzed using the public databases and matched primary and metastatic tissues, and CRC cells with different metastatic potentials (DLD1, HCT116, SW480 and SW620). Microarray analysis was used to identify differential genes in parental and HDAC2 knockout CRC cells. EMT and histone modifications were determined using western blot and immunofluorescence. Migration ability was assessed by transwell assay, and metastasis was assessed in vivo using a tail vain injection. Gene expression and regulation was assessed by RT-PCR, chromatin immunoprecipitation and reporter assays. Protein interaction was assessed by immunoprecipitation. Specific siRNAs targeting H19 , SP1 and MMP14 were used to validate their role in HDAC2 loss induced EMT and metastasis. Results Reduced HDAC2 expression was associated with poor prognosis in CRC patients and found in CRC metastasis. HDAC2 deletion or knockdown induced EMT and metastasis by upregulating the long noncoding RNA H19 ( LncRNA H19 ). HDAC2 inhibited LncRNA H19 expression by histone H3K27 deacetylation in its promoter via binding with SP1. LncRNA H19 functioned as a miR-22-3P sponge to increase the expression of MMP14. HDAC2 loss strongly promoted CRC lung metastasis, which was suppressed LncRNA H19 knockdown. Conclusion Our study supports HDAC2 as a CRC metastasis suppressor through the inhibition of EMT and the expression of H19 and MMP14.

Membrane reactors are known for their efficiency and superior operability compared to traditional batch processes, but their limited diversity poses challenges in meeting various reaction requirements. Herein, we leverage the molecular tunability of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) to broaden their applicability in membrane reactors. Our COF membrane demonstrates an exceptional ability to achieve complete conversion in just 0.63 s at room temperature—a benchmark in efficiency for Knoevenagel condensation. This performance significantly surpasses that of the corresponding homogeneous catalyst and COF powder by factors of 176 and 375 in turnover frequency, respectively. The enhanced concentration of reactants and the rapid removal of generated water within the membrane greatly accelerate the reaction, reducing the apparent activation energy. Consequently, this membrane reactor enables reactions that are unattainable using both COF powders and homogeneous catalysts. Considering the versatility, our findings highlight the substantial promise of COF-based membrane reactors in organic transformations. Membrane reactors are efficient alternatives to traditional bath process, yet their limited diversity challenges their applicability to various reaction requirements. Here, the authors report covalent organic framework membrane reactors applied to the Knoevenagel condensation with enhanced performance as compared to homogeneous catalysts.

Background and aims The older people bears a severe burden of disease due to frailty and depressive symptoms, however, the results of association between the two in the older Chinese people have been conflicting. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the developmental trajectories and interactions of frailty and depressive symptoms in the Chinese middle-aged and older adults. Methods The study used four waves of data from 2011, 2013, 2015 and 2018 in the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) database, focused on middle-aged and older people ≥ 45 years of age, and analyzed using latent growth models and cross-lagged models. Results The parallel latent growth model showed that the initial level of depressive symptoms had a significant positive predictive effect on the initial level of frailty. The rate of change in depressive symptoms significantly positively predicted the rate of change in frailty. The initial level of frailty had a significant positive predictive effect on the initial level of depressive symptoms, but a significant negative predictive effect on the rate of change in depressive symptoms. The rate of change in frailty had a significant positive predictive effect on the rate of change in depressive symptoms. The results of the cross-lagged analysis indicated a bidirectional causal association between frailty and depressive symptoms in the total sample population. Results for the total sample population grouped by age and gender were consistent with the total sample. Conclusions This study recommends advancing the age of concern for frailty and depressive symptoms to middle-aged adults. Both men and women need early screening and intervention for frailty and depressive symptoms to promote healthy aging.

Stability of perovskite-based photovoltaics remains a topic requiring further attention. Cation engineering influences perovskite stability, with the present-day understanding of the impact of cations based on accelerated ageing tests at higher-than-operating temperatures (e.g. 140°C). By coupling high-throughput experimentation with machine learning, we discover a weak correlation between high/low-temperature stability with a stability-reversal behavior. At high ageing temperatures, increasing organic cation (e.g. methylammonium) or decreasing inorganic cation (e.g. cesium) in multi-cation perovskites has detrimental impact on photo/thermal-stability; but below 100°C, the impact is reversed. The underlying mechanism is revealed by calculating the kinetic activation energy in perovskite decomposition. We further identify that incorporating at least 10 mol.% MA and up to 5 mol.% Cs/Rb to maximize the device stability at device-operating temperature (<100°C). We close by demonstrating the methylammonium-containing perovskite solar cells showing negligible efficiency loss compared to its initial efficiency after 1800 hours of working under illumination at 30°C. Current view of the impact of A-site cation on the stability of perovskite materials and devices is derived from accelerated ageing tests at high temperature, which is beyond normal operation range. Here, the authors reveal the great impact of ageing condition on assessing the photothermal stability of mixed-cation perovskites using high-throughput robot system coupled with machine learning.