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The development of ice and snow sports is a crucial aspect of building China into a leading sports nation. Enhancing adolescents’ willingness to participate in ice and snow sports reflects the essence of sustainable and high-quality development in this field. Using data from 23 provinces and municipalities in China in 2023, this study adopts an integrated theoretical framework combining the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and the Norm Activation Model (NAM). Employing fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA), the study identifies key influencing factors and explores the configuration paths affecting adolescents’ willingness to participate in ice and snow sports. The findings are as follows: (1) Although public participation in ice and snow sports among adolescents is being actively promoted in China, there remains a lack of comprehensive understanding of their participation intentions and demands. (2) Subjective norms and personal norms, as sufficient conditions, show strong explanatory power in shaping adolescents’ willingness to participate in ice and snow sports. This highlights the importance of exploring multiple condition-variable configurations to gain a more comprehensive and in-depth understanding of adolescents’ participation intentions. (3) Four primary paths to promoting adolescents’ willingness to participate in ice and snow sports were identified: the comprehensive driver path (C1), the emotional and normative resonance path (C2), the integrated participation path (C3), and the knowledge-behavior co-driven paths (C4 and C5). The study recommends a collaborative approach between government and schools to integrate ice and snow sports into adolescents’ quality education system, leveraging digital technologies to enrich and enhance their ice and snow sports experience. Additionally, fostering an ice and snow culture to strengthen adolescents’ emotional identity and cultural value perception of these sports is essential to attract more youth participation. By focusing on the integrated TPB-NAM theoretical framework and incorporating risk perception and prior knowledge for evaluating participation willingness, this study effectively overcomes the limitations of single-method approaches. This expansion provides new perspectives and proposes novel paths, such as emotional and normative resonance and knowledge-behavior co-driving, for understanding and promoting ice and snow sports. These findings offer targeted market insights and intervention strategies for policymakers and practitioners. The fsQCA method identifies key drivers and contextual combinations, assisting policymakers, educators, and learners in promoting participation. Overall, this study enriches theoretical understanding and proposes comprehensive and scenario-adaptive dynamic paths to foster high-quality development in ice and snow sports while providing practical guidance for policymakers and educators.

The gut microbiome is closely associated with malignant tumors; however the specific mechanisms by which it contributes to the development of lung adenocarcinoma remain unclear. In this study, we performed a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to assess the causal relationship between the gut microbiome and lung adenocarcinoma. By identifying single nucleotide polymorphism markers linked to gut microbiome species, we aimed to discover potential biomarkers for lung adenocarcinoma. These findings may offer new insights into the role of the gut microbiome in the prevention and treatment of lung adenocarcinoma. We used genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics to assess the association between the gut microbiome and lung adenocarcinoma through two-sample MR analysis. Sensitivity analyses were performed to confirm the robustness of the findings. Reverse MR analysis and GWAS data integration were employed to identify potential genetic and therapeutic targets. Bioinformatics analysis and quantitative Real-Time PCR (qRT-PCR) were utilized to validate gene expression and explore the underlying mechanisms of key genes. Our analysis identified two bacterial taxa, Prevotella9 and Parabacteroides, as being causally associated with lung adenocarcinoma, both showing positive causal relationships. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of these associations. The reverse MR analysis revealed no evidence of reverse causality. GWAS data identified 15 genes (DNAH1, PDE10A, DOCK2, INSYN2B, DNAI3, SUOX, LINC01505, SULT4A1, NT5ELP, LINC02895, calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase 1D (CAMK1D), ENSG00000253557, BCAS3, C18orf63, MYO18B) that passed the summary-data-based MR test. The transcriptomic data revealed that five genes (CAMK1D, BCAS3, DNAH1, PDE10A, and C18orf63) were differentially expressed between lung adenocarcinoma patients and healthy individuals. Through qRT-PCR validation, the CAMK1D gene was markedly upregulated in lung adenocarcinoma cell lines, whereas BCAS3, DNAH1, PDE10A, and C18orf63 genes exhibit ed substantially reduced expression. Our study identified specific gut microbial taxa as risk factors for lung adenocarcinoma and proposes as a microbiota-related candidate biomarker and potential therapeutic target that may inform personalized treatment and drug development strategies in the future.

Rubber elongation factor (REF) and small rubber particle protein (SRPP) are two key factors for natural rubber biosynthesis. To further understand the roles of these proteins in rubber formation, six different genes for latex abundant REF or SRPP proteins, including REF138,175,258 and SRPP117,204,243, were characterized from Hevea brasiliensis Reyan (RY) 7-33-97. Sequence analysis showed that REFs have a variable and long N-terminal, whereas SRPPs have a variable and long C-terminal beyond the REF domain, and REF258 has a β subunit of ATPase in its N-terminal. Through two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE), each REF/SRPP protein was separated into multiple protein spots on 2-DE gels, indicating they have multiple protein species. The abundance of REF/SRPP proteins was compared between ethylene and control treatments or among rubber tree clones with different levels of latex productivity by analyzing 2-DE gels. The total abundance of each REF/SRPP protein decreased or changed a little upon ethylene stimulation, whereas the abundance of multiple protein species of the same REF/SRPP changed diversely. Among the three rubber tree clones, the abundance of the protein species also differed significantly. Especially, two protein species of REF175 or REF258 were ethylene-responsive only in the high latex productivity clone RY 8-79 instead of in RY 7-33-97 and PR 107. Some individual protein species were positively related to ethylene stimulation and latex productivity. These results suggested that the specific protein species could be more important than others for rubber production and post-translational modifications might play important roles in rubber biosynthesis.

Organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites such as methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) materials have recently attracted great attention due to their potential for photovoltaic applications. The performance and stability of these perovskite solar cells are sensitive to water and moisture in an ambient environment. Thus, an understanding of how water influences MAPbI3 and particularly the role of grain boundary (GB) defects is important for developing appropriate mitigation strategies. Herein, water molecular diffusion in ∑5‐(210) GB is investigated and compared with pristine MAPbI3 using first‐principles calculations. Water diffusion along the ∑5‐(210) GB is found to be facile with a 0.07 eV energy barrier while diffusion barrier from GB core to bulk is 0.24 eV. In contrast, the diffusion process in bulk MAPbI3 is relatively large 0.70 eV due to water interactions with the Pb–I network. Further, it is shown that water is more stable in the GB region compared with the pristine system. Thus, the strong thermodynamic and kinetic tendencies for water segregation to the GBs in MAPbI3 suggests that improving the crystallinity of MAPbI3 is an effective strategy to slow down water degradation processes in agreement with recent experimental results. The diffusion pathways with low energy barriers for water in ∑5‐(210) grain boundary (GB) of MAPbI3 are designed and proved that regardless where water attacks MAPbI3, it is favorable for it to be at the GB. Herein, a deep comprehension corresponding experimental results is given.

Proteomic analysis of upland cotton was performed to profile the global detectable proteomes of ovules and fibers using two-dimensional electrophoresis （2DE）. A total of 1,203 independent protein spots were collected from representative 2DE gels, which were digested with trypsin and identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption and ionization-time-of- flight/time-of-flight （MALDI-TOF/TOF） mass spectrometry. The mass spectrometry or tandem mass spectrometry （MS or MS/MS） data were then searched against a local database constructed from Gossypium hirsutum genome sequences, resulting in successful identification of 975 protein spots （411 for ovules and 564 for fibers）. Functional annotation analysis of the 975 identified proteins revealed that ovule-specific proteins were mainly enriched in functions related to fatty acid elongation, sul- fur amino acid metabolism and post-replication repair, while fiber-specific proteins were enriched in functions related to root hair elongation, galactose metabolism and D-xylose metabolic processes. Further annotation analysis of the most abundant protein spots showed that 28.96% of the total proteins in the ovule were mainly located in the Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic re- ticulum, mitochondrion and ribosome, whereas in fibers, 27.02% of the total proteins were located in the cytoskeleton, nuclear envelope and cell wall. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction （qRT-PCR） analyses of the ovule-specific protein spots P61, P93 and P198 and fiber-specific protein spots 230, 477 and 511 were performed to validate the proteomics data. Protein-protein interaction network analyses revealed very different network cluster patterns between ovules and fibers. This work provides the largest protein identification dataset of 2DE-detectable proteins in cotton ovules and fibers and indicates potentially important roles of tissue-specific proteins, thus providing insights into the cotton ovule and fiber proteomes on a global scale.

Consolidation of marine soft soils with prefabricated vertical drains (PVDs) and vacuum preloading is a hot spot of research in marine geotechnical engineering. Marine soft soils usually have low permeability and the consolidation is time-consuming. To accelerate the consolidation of marine soft soils, elevating the temperature with heating-aided PVDs in soils has been an attractive option. In this study, a series of laboratory tests were conducted to investigate the influence of heating on Hong Kong marine deposits (HKMD). Through the oedometer tests, the effects of heating on the compression and consolidation behavior are quantified. In the two physical model tests with vacuum preloading, it is indicated that increasing the temperature to 40 °C in HKMD can significantly speed up the consolidation process, reduce vacuum loss and increase the settlements and effective stress in a shorter period. To reveal the mechanism of thermal effect on HKMD, the molecular dynamics simulation was performed with three typical mineral elements, and the thermal effect on the different responses of minerals in HKMD is interpreted. Furthermore, theoretical analysis with Hansbo’s theory and simplified Hypothesis B method is also conducted for calculating the consolidation settlements of the model tests, with a quantified smear factor accounting for the combined effects of non-uniform consolidation, clogging, and temperature during vacuum-heat preloading.

Entity-level fine-grained sentiment analysis in the financial domain is a crucial subtask of sentiment analysis and currently faces numerous challenges. The primary challenge stems from the lack of high-quality and large-scale annotated corpora specifically designed for financial text sentiment analysis, which in turn limits the availability of data necessary for developing effective text processing techniques. Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have yielded remarkable performance in natural language processing tasks, primarily centered around language pattern matching. In this paper, we propose a novel and extensive Chinese fine-grained financial sentiment analysis dataset, FinChina SA, for enterprise early warning. We thoroughly evaluate and experiment with well-known existing open-source LLMs using our dataset. We firmly believe that our dataset will serve as a valuable resource to advance the exploration of real-world financial sentiment analysis tasks, which should be the focus of future research. The FinChina SA dataset is publicly available at https://github.com/YerayL/FinChina-SA

A stimulation model helped optimize hydraulic fracturing of a sandstone-conglomerate (glutenite) formation in the Bohan oil field in eastern China. The formation is difficult to fracture because it has low maturity and texture, strong heterogeneity and anisotropy, and various porosity types. Bonan oil field is in the Jiyang depression of the onshore Bohai basin, Eastern China. Discovered in May 2005 with wildcat well Y104, the reservoir has a 110-m thickness. Core analysis shows that the rock has low tensile and compressive strength, strong stress sensitivity, high plasticity, and high horizontal stress. Based on experiments, the rock's mechanical parameters are 3.9 MPa tensile strength, 92 MPa compressive strength, 16,000 MPa elastic modulus, 0.27 Poisson's ratio, and 0.513 Biot factor. During flowback, liquid nitrogen was injected to increase flowback rates and reduce formation damage. A high quality antiswelling agent was included for reducing water damage. The hydraulic fractioning of Well Y104-1 was successful, and the well produced 6,327.5 cu m of liquid and 5,253 cu m of oil within 168 days.

Dissipative Kerr soliton (DKS) featuring broadband coherent frequency comb with compact size and low power consumption, provides an unparalleled tool for nonlinear physics investigation and precise measurement applications. However, the complex nonlinear dynamics generally leads to stochastic soliton formation process and makes it highly challenging to manipulate soliton number and temporal distribution in the microcavity. Here, synthesized and reconfigurable soliton crystals (SCs) are demonstrated by constructing a periodic intra-cavity potential field, which allows deterministic SCs synthesis with soliton numbers from 1 to 32 in a monolithic integrated microcavity. The ordered temporal distribution coherently enhanced the soliton crystal comb lines power up to 3 orders of magnitude in comparison to the single-soliton state. The interaction between the traveling potential field and the soliton crystals creates periodic forces on soliton and results in forced soliton oscillation. Our work paves the way to effectively manipulate cavity solitons. The demonstrated synthesized SCs offer reconfigurable temporal and spectral profiles, which provide compelling advantages for practical applications such as photonic radar, satellite communication and radio-frequency filter. Here the authors demonstrate an on-demand generation of perfect soliton crystal using synthesized potential field. The individual solitons can also be controlled, for example oscillate around their equilibrium position, by the external field.

Succinate dehydrogenase, which is known as mitochondrial complex II, has proven to be a fascinating machinery, attracting renewed and increased interest in its involvement in human diseases. Herein, we find that succinate dehydrogenase assembly factor 4 (SDHAF4) is downregulated in cardiac muscle in response to pathological stresses and in diseased hearts from human patients. Cardiac loss of Sdhaf4 suppresses complex II assembly and results in subunit degradation and complex II deficiency in fetal mice. These defects are exacerbated in young adults with globally impaired metabolic capacity and activation of dynamin-related protein 1, which induces excess mitochondrial fission and mitophagy, thereby causing progressive dilated cardiomyopathy and lethal heart failure in animals. Targeting mitochondria via supplementation with fumarate or inhibiting mitochondrial fission improves mitochondrial dynamics, partially restores cardiac function and prolongs the lifespan of mutant mice. Moreover, the addition of fumarate is found to dramatically improve cardiac function in myocardial infarction mice. These findings reveal a vital role for complex II assembly in the development of dilated cardiomyopathy and provide additional insights into therapeutic interventions for heart diseases. Functional succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) complex is vital to mitochondrial homeostasis. Here the authors show that disruption of SDH assembly in the heart causes dilated cardiomyopathy via impairing the mitochondrial integrity and metabolism and that mitochondrial interventions can be an effective approach to ameliorate the disease progression.