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Hydrogels with tailor‐made swelling‐shrinkable properties have aroused considerable interest in numerous biomedical domains. For example, as swelling is a key issue for blood and wound extrudates absorption, the transference of nutrients and metabolites, as well as drug diffusion and release, hydrogels with high swelling capacity have been widely applicated in full‐thickness skin wound healing and tissue regeneration, and drug delivery. Nevertheless, in the fields of tissue adhesives and internal soft‐tissue wound healing, and bioelectronics, non‐swelling hydrogels play very important functions owing to their stable macroscopic dimension and physical performance in physiological environment. Moreover, the negative swelling behavior (i.e., shrinkage) of hydrogels can be exploited to drive noninvasive wound closure, and achieve resolution enhancement of hydrogel scaffolds. In addition, it can help push out the entrapped drugs, thus promote drug release. However, there still has not been a general review of the constructions and biomedical applications of hydrogels from the viewpoint of swelling‐shrinkable properties. Therefore, this review summarizes the tactics employed so far in tailoring the swelling‐shrinkable properties of hydrogels and their biomedical applications. And a relatively comprehensive understanding of the current progress and future challenge of the hydrogels with different swelling‐shrinkable features is provided for potential clinical translations.

The gas in-place (GIP) content and the ratio of adsorbed/free gas are two key parameters for the assessment of shale gas resources and have thus received extensive attention. A variety of methods have been proposed to solve these issues, however none have gained widespread acceptance. Carbon isotope fractionation during the methane transport process provides abundant information, serving as an effective method for differentiating the gas transport processes of adsorbed gas and free gas and ultimately evaluating the two key parameters. In this study, four stages of methane carbon isotope fractionation were documented during a laboratory experiment that simulated gas transport through shale. The four stages reflect different transport processes: the free gas seepage stage (I), transition stage (II), adsorbed gas desorption stage (III) and concentration diffusion stage (IV). Combined with the results of decoupling experiments, the isotope fractionation characteristics donated by the single effect (seepage, adsorption-desorption and diffusion) were clearly revealed. We further propose a technique integrating the Amoco curve fit (ACF) method and carbon isotope fractionation (CIF) to determine the dynamic change in adsorbed and free gas ratios during gas production. We find that the gases produced in stage I are primarily composed of free gas and that carbon isotope ratios of methane (δ 13 C 1 ) are stable and equal to the ratios of source gas (δ 13 C 0 1 ). In stage II, the contribution of free gas decreases, while the proportion of adsorbed gas increases, and the δ13C1 gradually becomes lighter. With the depletion of free gas, the adsorbed gas contribution in stage III reaches 100%, and the δ 13 C 1 becomes heavier. Finally, in stage IV, the desorbed gas remaining in the pore spaces diffuses out under the concentration difference, and the δ 13 C 1 becomes lighter again and finally stabilizes. In addition, a kinetic model for the quantitative description of isotope fractionation during desorption and diffusion was established.

In visual tracking, correlation Filters (CFs) have attracted increasing research attention and achieved superior performance. However, owing to the larger search area, more background information is introduced to the shifted samples, meaning that tracking errors are prone to appear in the detection stage. Accordingly, in this work, firstly, hand-crafted features and deep features extracted from pre-trained convolutional networks are combined to improve the representation ability of object appearance. For deep features, we use two different VGG networks for extraction. Secondly, in an attempt to solve the problem of the object background of the traditional CF model not being modeled over time, and owing to the lack of spatial-temporal information of the image, we propose a new background-aware and spatial-temporal regularized correlation filters model (BSTCF) that introduces the background constraint and spatial-temporal regularization. The proposed BSTCF can effectively model not only the background but also variations in the background over time. Finally, we transform the objective function of BSTCF into an unconstrained Augmented Lagrange multiplier formular to promote convergence to the global optimum solution. Moreover, we adopt the alternating direction multiplier method (ADMM) to produce three sub-problems with closed-form solution, then propose a corresponding algorithm. Based on the above, we construct an intelligent tracking system and carry out extensive experiments to test its performance on OTB-2013, OTB-2015, TC128, UAV123, and VOT2016 public datasets. The experimental results demonstrate that the tracking algorithm achieves superior performance.

Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS), caused by the Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV), is a highly contagious viral disease responsible for significant economic losses in the global swine industry. Quercetin, a polyphenolic flavonoid known for its antiviral properties, was investigated in this study for its ability to inhibit PRRSV replication by modulating autophagy. Our study demonstrates that quercetin can inhibit PRRSV replication in MARC-45 cells by regulating the degradation of autophagosomes and suppressing the generation of autophagosome. We further suggest that quercetin inhibits PRRSV-induced autophagy via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, suppressing autophagosome formation while promoting autophagosome-lysosome fusion, ultimately leading to reduced PRRSV replication. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that quercetin inhibits PRRSV replication by regulating autophagy through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.

Introduction This study aimed to compare the Forgotten Joint Score-12(FJS) outcomes and the minimum clinically important difference (MCID) of the FJS after high tibial osteotomy (HTO), unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA), and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) with short-term follow-up (at least 2 years). Another objective of the study is to investigate the factors influencing FJS. It is hypothesized that there are differences in FJS outcomes among the three procedures. Methods Patients who underwent HTO, UKA, and TKA from January 2016 to December 2020 and were followed up for a minimum of 2 years were included in the study. The FJS were analyses from a cohort of people who submitted data to two years. The preoperative and postoperative clinical outcomes were compared and evaluated the patient-related factor. The FJS scores were predicted using multiple linear regression analysis. Additionally, Patient's Joint Perception (PJP) questions were used as anchors to determine the achievement of the forgotten joint, and FJS MCID were calculated using the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). Results Three hundred eighty-nine patients were included in the final study, and there were 111 patients in HTO groups,128patients in UKA groups, and 150 patients in TKA groups. The mean follow-up was 47.0 months. There was a significant difference in the total FJS, between the HTO, UKA, and TKA groups (FJS:59.38 ± 7.25, 66.69 ± 7.44 and 56.90 ± 6.85, p  < 0.001. We found the MCID of the FJS of HTO, UKA, and TKA were 63.54, 69.79, and 61.45, respectively. In multiple linear regression, younger age, and higher FS were significant predictors of better FJS. Conclusion Medial UKA demonstrated lower patient awareness in comparison to HTO and TKA, as assessed by the FJS. Younger age and higher FS were identified as significant predictors of improved FJS, providing valuable guidance for surgical decision-making.

Background To explore the risk factors of intra-abdominal abscess (IAA) after laparoscopic appendectomy (LA). Methods A total of 839 patients who underwent LA in Nanjing Jiangbei Hospital from July 2021 to November 2024 were retrospectively analyzed, and their clinical data were collected. Through univariate and multivariate analysis, the risk factors affecting the formation of IAA after operation were screened, and the predictive efficacy was evaluated by ROC curve. Results After screening, there were 25 cases with IAA after operation, 741 cases were cured and 73 cases were excluded. Multivariate analysis showed that appendix perforation (OR = 4.763, 95%CI: 1.827 ~ 12.414, P  = 0.001) and operative time (OR = 1.024, 95%CI: 1.002 ~ 1.046, P  = 0.029) were related to the formation of IAA after operation. The area under ROC curve (AUC) of appendix perforation was 0.623, and the operative time was 0.683. Conclusion For patients with LA, perforation of appendix and longer operative time are independent risk factors for the formation of IAA after operation, which can help predict whether IAA will occur after operation.

Background Pneumonia is a serious complication in Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) patients, associated with increased mortality, yet its risk factors remain underexplored. Methods Our study analyzed clinical factors linked to pneumonia in GBS patients through a retrospective review of 101 individuals admitted to Tianjin Huanhu Hospital between January 2020 and December 2023. Patients were divided into two groups based on pneumonia development after admission: GBS with pneumonia ( n  = 19) and GBS without pneumonia ( n  = 82). Clinical and blood parameters were compared between the groups. Logistic regression analysis identified predictive factors for pneumonia in these GBS patients. Results Significant associations were found between pneumonia and older age ( P  = 0.01), bulbar palsy ( P  = 0.017), mechanical ventilation (MV) support ( P  < 0.01), hypoalbuminemia ( P  < 0.01), hyponatremia ( P  < 0.01), and underlying conditions ( P  = 0.008). Multivariate logistic regression identified bulbar palsy, MV support and hyponatremia as significant independent risk factors for pneumonia. Finally, GBS patients with pneumonia experienced longer hospital stays and worse functional outcomes. Conclusions We initially identified key risk factors for pneumonia in GBS, highlighting its association with poorer prognoses.

Astaxanthin has attracted considerable interest, owing to its potent antioxidant and pigmentation properties. To investigate its effects of astaxanthin on body color variation in Lutjanus erythropterus, fish were divided into a control group and a treatment group fed an astaxanthin-supplemented diet. Body color parameters, growth performance, and liver antioxidant enzyme activities were measured at the end of the experiment. Tissues, including skin, intestine, liver, and blood, were subsequently collected for transcriptome sequencing. The results demonstrate that the astaxanthin-treatment group exhibited significantly enhanced body coloration alongside improved body length, body weight, and specific growth rate compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Specifically regarding the red–green value (a*), the treatment group showed significantly higher values on the ventral skin, dorsal skin, and gill cover (p < 0.05). The yellow–blue (b*) and lightness (L*) values were also significantly elevated in the ventral skin and gill cover (p < 0.05), although no significant differences were observed in the dorsal skin (p > 0.05). The skin was identified as the tissue with the highest total carotenoid content. Astaxanthin supplementation enhanced liver antioxidant capacity, evidenced by significantly elevated total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activity and significantly reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the treatment group (p < 0.05). Catalase (CAT) activity did not differ significantly between groups (p > 0.05). Transcriptomic analysis identified several coloration-associated genes, such as bco1, bco2, gstt1, and gstz1. It also revealed significant enrichment in key metabolic pathways (fatty acid, cholesterol, and retinol metabolism) and signaling pathways (PPAR and PI3K-Akt). Furthermore, the expression of multiple solute-carrier family members and apolipoproteins was detected, with notable enrichment in lipid digestion and absorption, cholesterol metabolism, and several key immune-related signaling pathways. These findings provide a theoretical basis for understanding the molecular mechanisms of carotenoid-mediated pigmentation in L. erythropterus.

The number of periprosthetic joint infections (PJI) after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is increasing annually. Animal models have been used to clarify their clinical characteristics and the infection mechanism of pathogenic bacteria, However, since the prosthesis design of animal models is not uniform, it is difficult to simulate the environment of clinical PJI. To retrospect the progress on the prosthesis design of animal models of PJI after TKA and to summarize the criteria for evaluating a clinically representative model of PJI. This systematic review was reported on the basis of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes (PRISMA). Pubmed, EMbase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Wanfang Data and China National Knowledge Infrastructure were researched for animal models of PJI after TKA from database establishment to April 2019 according to Chinese and English retrieval words, including \"periprosthetic joint infections and total knee arthroplasty,\" \"periprosthetic joint infections and model,\" \"periprosthetic joint infections and biofilm,\" and \"total knee arthroplasty and model.\" A total of 12 quantitative studies were enrolled in our study finally: 8 representative studies described prosthesis designs used in PJI animal models, 4 studies described prosthesis designs in non-infected animal models which were suitable for infection models. The major problems need to be dealed with were prosthesis, installation location, material, the function of separating the articular and medullary cavity, fixation manner, and the procedure of preserving the posterior cruciate ligament. A highly representative design of the animal prosthesis of PJI should meet the following criteria: the surface of the prosthesis is smooth with the formation of biofilm, composed of titanium-6Al-4V or cobalt-chromium-molybdenum alloy; prosthesis can bear weight and is highly stable; and it can connect the joint cavity and medullary cavity simultaneously. To reach a more reliable conclusion, further experiments and improvements are required.

Background Nasal Staphylococcus aureus ( S . aureus ) screening and decolonization has been widely used to reduce surgical site infections (SSIs) prior to total knee and hip arthroplasty (TKA and THA). However, it remains considerably controversial. The aim of this study was to ascertain whether this scheme could reduce SSIs and periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs) following elective primary total joint arthroplasty (TJA). Methods A systematic search was performed in MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library until October, 2019. Outcomes of interest included SSI, PJI, superficial infection, and different bacterial species that caused infections. Data from eligible studies were then extracted and synthesized. Pooled odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. We also performed additional analyses to evaluate whether there were differences in postoperative SSIs caused by S . aureus or other bacteria. Results Nine studies were included in our meta-analysis. The pooled data elucidated that nasal S . aureus screening and decolonization dramatically mitigated the risk of SSI, PJI, and superficial infection compared to nondecolonization group. The analysis of bacterial species causing infection also showed that the S . aureus infections postoperative were significantly decreased in the decolonization group. However, there was no statistical difference in the SSI caused by other bacteria between the two groups. Conclusion S . aureus screening and decolonization prior to elective primary THA and TKA could significantly decrease the risk of SSI and PJI. However, more robust studies are needed to further evaluate the impact of S . aureus screening and decolonization on infection risk after TJA.