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Wall to Wall: Carpets by Artists' studies some of the best contemporary art through the lens of craft: the woven carpet. Featuring 30 artists from across the globe, the exhibition shows this object to be a powerful locus of meaning today, one that cuts across issues of design, art, dâecor, production, and geopolitics. The \"artist carpet\" is a form that bears a long and distinguished historical pedigree, from Raphael and Peter Paul Rubens, to Pablo Picasso, Fernand Lâeger, and Joan Mirلo. Yet, 'Wall to Wall' takes as its point of departure a history of art rather than history of medium, focusing on the ways in which these objects advance relevant ideas and practices today. Unlike exhibitions that examine artist carpets through an ethnographic lens detached from the world of art, 'Wall to Wall' proposes that these carpets function in a continuum of modern art history as a critical form that is accelerating in use and application. The exhibition asks the simple question: Why? Exhibition: Museum of Contemporary Art (MOCA), Cleveland, USA (23.09.2016-08.01.2017).

Background Health-promoting strategies targeting the food retail environment can influence consumer purchasing behaviour. Most strategies require the healthiness of available food and beverages to be determined. Healthiness classification systems exist; however, no system is linked to remote food retail point-of-sale systems. The objective of this study was to explore the feasibility and validity of a process to identify healthy food and beverages in food retail store point-of-sale systems, as applied in a discount card study in remote Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities, Australia. Methods A convergent mixed methods study design was used. Feasibility was explored through semi-structured interviews with project and store team members involved in a process to identify healthy food and beverages in point-of-sale systems across five remote stores. Convergent validity was assessed by comparing alignment of classification of food and beverages via the expert-informed process used, with a technology-driven system underpinned by Australia’s Health Star Rating and discretionary classification, the Thumbs Rating system. Results All eight eligible project and store team members involved in the process were interviewed. The expert-informed process, while implemented successfully overall, was not entirely acceptable to participants. Challenges related to the manual classification of products, with participants recommending exploring automated processes to classify products. There was substantial alignment with technology-driven classification (86% of 6281 unique products). Misalignment was largely related to differences in criteria; the expert-informed process was underpinned by a food-based classification system, including selection of the healthier alternatives within food groups, and the Thumbs Rating system is underpinned by food-based classification with nutrient-profiling. Conclusion Alternative methods to the expert-informed process examined in this study should be considered to classify food and beverages in remote food retail point-of-sale systems. The Thumbs Rating provides a valid classification system and would provide an automated means of classification that could be linked to point-of-sale systems. A shift in classification for a small proportion of products, would need to be considered in applying the Thumbs Rating system to remote food retail interventions, or additional criteria overlaying the system could be implemented to meet specific criteria for targeted strategies.

Food systems are a major contributor to climate change, producing one-third of global greenhouse gas emissions. However, public knowledge of food systems' contributions to climate change is low. One reason for low public awareness may be limited media coverage of the issue. To investigate this, we conducted a media analysis examining coverage of food systems and their contribution to climate change in Australian newspapers. We analysed climate change articles from twelve Australian newspapers between 2011 and 2021, sourced from Factiva. We explored the volume and frequency of climate change articles that mentioned food systems and their contributions to climate change, as well as the level of focus on food systems. Australia. N/A. Of the 2892 articles included, only 5 % mentioned the contributions of food systems to climate change, with the majority highlighting food production as the main contributor, followed by food consumption. Conversely, 8 % mentioned the impact of climate change on food systems. Though newspaper coverage of food systems' effects on climate change is increasing, coverage of the issue remains limited. As newspapers play a key role in increasing public and political awareness of matters, the findings provide valuable insights for advocates wishing to increase engagement on the issue. Increased media coverage may raise public awareness and encourage action by policymakers. Collaboration between public health and environmental stakeholders to increase public knowledge of the relationship between food systems and climate change is recommended.

Background Although communities have long been exhorted to make efforts to enhance their own health, such approaches have often floundered and resulted in little or no health benefits when the capacity of the community has not been adequately strengthened. Thus being able to assess the capacity building process is paramount in facilitating action in communities for social and health improvement. The current review aims to i) identify all domains used in systematically documented frameworks developed by other authors to assess community capacity building; and ii) to identify the dimensions and attributes of each of the domains as ascribed by these authors and reassemble them into a comprehensive compilation. Methods Relevant published articles were identified through systematic electronic searches of selected databases and the examination of the bibliographies of retrieved articles. Studies assessing capacity building or community development or community participation were selected and assessed for methodological quality, and quality in relation to the development and application of domains which were identified as constituents of community capacity building. Data extraction and analysis were undertaken using a realist synthesis approach. Results Eighteen articles met the criteria for this review. The various domains to assess community capacity building were identified and reassembled into nine comprehensive domains: \"learning opportunities and skills development\", \"resource mobilization\", \"partnership/linkages/networking\", \"leadership\", \"participatory decision-making\", \"assets-based approach\", \"sense of community\", \"communication\", and \"development pathway\". Six sub-domains were also identified: \"shared vision and clear goals\", \"community needs assessment\", \"process and outcome monitoring\", \"sustainability\", \"commitment to action\" and \"dissemination\". Conclusions The set of domains compiled in this review serve as a foundation for community-based work by those in the field seeking to support and nurture the development of competent communities. Further research is required to examine the robustness of capacity domains over time and to examine capacity development in association with health or other social outcomes.

Different forms of public and private regulation have been used to improve the healthiness of food retail environments. The aim of this scoping review was to systematically examine the types of private regulatory measures used to create healthy food retail environments, the reporting of the processes of implementation, monitoring, review and enforcement and the barriers to and enablers of these. Scoping review using the Johanna Briggs Institute guidelines. Ovid MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase, CINAHL Plus, Business Source Complete and Scopus databases were searched in October 2020 and again in September 2023 using terms for 'food retail', 'regulation' and 'nutrition'. Regulatory measure type was described by domain and mechanism. Deductive thematic analysis was used to identify reported barriers and enablers to effective regulatory governance processes using a public health law framework. Food retail. Food retail settings using private regulatory measures to create healthier food retail environments. In total, 17 694 articles were screened and thirty-five included for review from six countries, with all articles published since 2011. Articles reporting on twenty-six unique private regulatory measures cited a mix of voluntary ( 16), mandatory ( 6) measures, both ( 2) or did not disclose ( 2). Articles frequently reported on implementation (34/35), with less reporting on the other regulatory governance processes of monitoring (15/35), review (6/35) and enforcement (2/35). We recommend more attention be paid to reporting on the monitoring, review and enforcement processes used in private regulation to promote further progress in improving the healthiness of food retail environments.

Background An unhealthy diet is the leading preventable risk factor for the development of diet-related non-communicable diseases, and the food environment is considered a major determinant of dietary intake. Food-purchasing decisions in retail settings are influenced by a range of individual, environmental, and interpersonal factors. The aim of this study was to explore the perceived influences on food-purchasing decisions among Tongan parents. Methods This qualitative study involved semi-structured interviews in 2023 with 21 Tongan parents aged 27 to 51 years in Tongatapu, Tonga, a Pacific Island country. Parents were asked questions about the factors that determine where they do their grocery shopping and what influences their food-purchasing decisions. Interview transcripts were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis, informed by the socio-ecological model of food and beverage intake. Results Four themes were constructed from the interview data across the different levels of the socio-ecological model of food and beverage intake, each of which represented parents’ perceived influences on how they purchased foods from retail outlets. At the micro level, we found that parents often struggle to prioritise healthy food when balancing financial and time constraints, as well as family and cultural expectations regarding food provision. At the meso level, we found that food availability in local retail outlets was important, while at the macro level, the cost of healthy food relative to unhealthy food was a key factor driving purchasing decisions. Conclusions Health promotion efforts and public health policies should recognize the multi-dimensional nature of the factors influencing Tongan parents’ food-purchasing decisions. Given the prevalence of diet-related non-communicable diseases in Tonga, the social, cultural, commercial and environmental factors driving unhealthy food-purchasing and population diets in Tonga should be a priority for governments and health promotion practitioners.

To understand the characteristics of food environments in the Pacific region, and the broader economic, policy and sociocultural surroundings that influence food choices and interventions to improve food environments for Pacific communities. Systematic searches were conducted for articles related to food environments or factors influencing food choices from 1993 to 2024 in five academic databases, Google, Google Scholar and relevant organisations' websites. Studies were included if they meet the eligibility criteria. Two authors independently reviewed the title and abstract of identified articles. Full-text screening was conducted before data were extracted from eligible studies. A narrative analysis was informed by an existing food environments framework. Pacific Island countries or territories that are a member of the Pacific Community (SPC). Not applicable. From the sixty-six included studies (of 2520 records screened), it was clear that food environments in the Pacific region are characterised by high availability and promotion of ultra-processed unhealthy foods. These foods were reported to be cheaper than healthier alternatives and have poor nutritional labelling. Food trade and investment, together with sociocultural and political factors, were found to contribute to unhealthy food choices. Policy interventions have been implemented to address food environments; however, the development and implementation of food environment policies could be strengthened through stronger leadership, effective multisectoral collaboration and clear lines of responsibility. Interventions focused on improving physical, economic, policy and sociocultural influences on food choices should be prioritised in the Pacific region to improve the food environment and mitigate barriers to healthy eating.

Cetacean occurrence in the Chukchi Sea is seasonal and primarily driven by annual sea ice retreat and prey occurrence in spring through fall. Humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae), fin whales (Balaenoptera physalus), and minke whales (Balaenoptera acutorostrata), although often found in polar waters elsewhere, are not common in the eastern Chukchi Sea, and here are referred to as “subArctic” species. Increasing numbers of these subArctic cetacean species were documented during aerial surveys in the eastern Chukchi Sea (67°–72°N, 157°–169°W) in July–October 2008–2016. The majority (78%) of these sightings occurred on the continental shelf in the south-central Chukchi Sea (67°–69°N, 166°–169°W) in August and September. During similar aerial surveys in 1982–1991, there was a complete lack of sightings of subArctic species. The disparity in sightings between the two time periods could be due to increased marine mammal survey effort in recent years during the months when subArctic cetacean species would be expected to occur, population recoveries from commercial whaling, climate change, or, most likely, a combination of all three.

Information on factors contributing to the morbidity and mortality of the Bering–Chukchi–Beaufort seas stock of bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) is fundamental to its successful management and recovery. The Alaska Arctic coastline is remote and expansive, making monitoring for and gross examination of carcasses difficult. However, sighting data and imagery collected during aerial surveys in the eastern Chukchi (EC) and western Beaufort (WB) seas from 2009 through 2019 provide information on bowhead whale mortality. We present bowhead whale carcass data from the 2019 aerial surveys that add to the long series of consistent information on floating and beach-cast bowhead whale carcasses. The 2019 carcass data suggest an increased occurrence of probable killer whale (Orcinus orca) predation on bowhead whales in the WB. Eleven bowhead whale carcasses were photo-documented from July to October 2019 in the EC and WB study areas. Of the 11 carcasses documented, 7 had injuries consistent with probable killer whale predation—2 in the EC and 5 in the WB. Probable cause of death could not be assigned to four carcasses. No carcasses were associated with aboriginal subsistence hunting. Despite similar annual survey effort from 2009 to 2019, several compelling deviations in carcass numbers and locations were observed in 2019. Compared to 2009–2018, 2019 had the highest yearly number of documented carcasses and the most categorized as probable killer whale predation. Carcass locations exhibited a striking shift from the EC to the WB. Lastly, more carcasses were categorized as probable killer whale predation in the WB during 2019 than in 2009–2018 combined.

Cook Inlet, Alaska, is home to an endangered and declining population of 279 belugas ( Delphinapterus leucas ). Recovery efforts highlight a paucity of basic ecological knowledge, impeding the correct assessment of threats and the development of recovery actions. In particular, information on diet and foraging habitat is very limited for this population. Passive acoustic monitoring has proven to be an efficient approach to monitor beluga distribution and seasonal occurrence. Identifying acoustic foraging behavior could help address the current gap in information on diet and foraging habitat. To address this conservation challenge, eight belugas from a comparative, healthy population in Bristol Bay, Alaska, were instrumented with a multi-sensor tag (DTAG), a satellite tag, and a stomach temperature transmitter in August 2014 and May 2016. DTAG deployments provided 129.6 hours of data including foraging and social behavioral states. A total of 68 echolocation click trains ending in terminal buzzes were identified during successful prey chasing and capture, as well as during social interactions. Of these, 37 click trains were successfully processed to measure inter-click intervals (ICI) and ICI trend in their buzzing section. Terminal buzzes with short ICI (minimum ICI <8.98 ms) and consistently decreasing ICI trend (ICI increment range <1.49 ms) were exclusively associated with feeding behavior. This dual metric was applied to acoustic data from one acoustic mooring within the Cook Inlet beluga critical habitat as an example of the application of detecting feeding in long-term passive acoustic monitoring data. This approach allowed description of the relationship between beluga presence, feeding occurrence, and the timing of spawning runs by different species of anadromous fish. Results reflected a clear preference for the Susitna River delta during eulachon ( Thaleichthys pacificus ), Chinook ( Oncorhynchus tshawytscha ), pink ( Oncorhynchus gorbuscha ), and coho ( Oncorhynchus kisutch ) salmon spawning run periods, with increased feeding occurrence at the peak of the Chinook and pink salmon runs.