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The health impacts of climate change are increasingly evident in Pacific Island Countries and Territories (PICTs), a group of 22 nations facing significant and existential threats to their populations. This paper investigates the ways in which climate change exacerbates existing health issues in this vulnerable region, focusing on both communicable and non-communicable diseases, and the dynamic relationship between human and planetary health. Rapid urbanization, changes in food systems, and the ongoing epidemiological transition from infectious to chronic diseases reflect the complex interplay of colonization, globalization, and a changing climate. This paper reviews the unique climate challenges faced by PICTs, including rising sea levels, extreme weather events, and their impacts on food security, water resources, and healthcare. We explore the environmental and social determinants of health while highlighting how climate-induced changes compromise the health and well-being of communities throughout the Pacific region. We discuss the increasing prevalence of vector-borne and waterborne diseases, the exacerbation of the region’s immense noncommunicable disease burden, and the profound mental health impacts of climate change. The economic implications of these changes, particularly on tourism and fisheries, are also explored. Despite these challenges, PICTs have demonstrated remarkable resilience and remain at the forefront of global climate advocacy. This analysis underscores the urgent need for international solidarity and action to address climate change and protect the health and well-being of the vulnerable Pacific region.

Efforts to scale up aquaculture are increasingly framed as essential to global food security and ocean sustainability, yet such narratives often obscure the complex and interdependent relationships between aquaculture and wild-capture fisheries. This paper critically interrogates the dominant “feed the world” framing of aquaculture expansion, arguing that treating aquaculture and fisheries as isolated systems undermines social equity, ecological sustainability, and effective food policy. Drawing on a novel classification of twenty-one aquaculture–wild fishery interaction types spanning ecological, economic, and social dimensions, we highlight the inadequacy of current policy frameworks that ignore these entanglements. Through mixed methods, including global time-series data and in-depth case studies from countries such as Chile, Fiji, Vietnam, and Zambia, the analysis reveals that aquaculture expansion often displaces traditional fisheries, privatizes marine space, exacerbates gender and class inequalities, and privileges export-oriented production over local food systems. The study argues for a paradigm shift in seafood governance that reframes aquaculture not as a stand-alone solution but as a component of deeply embedded, context-specific, and socially contested food systems. This critical lens pushes for policies that prioritize justice, local agency, and the co-governance of marine resources, challenging technocratic visions of blue growth with a call for integrated, equity-centered approaches.

Scientists engaging in active habitat restoration often lack guidance and training on how to justly engage with the communities that rely on these ecosystems. This perspective offers a framework with five key recommendations for just seascape restoration: knowledge coevolution, participatory process, equity, and consistent monitoring. Employing these principles will support successful, just seascape restoration and can be applied to restoration efforts across various habitats and scales including the ecoscape scale.