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A bstract We compute the leading-order evolution of parton distribution functions for all the Standard Model fermions and bosons up to energy scales far above the electroweak scale, where electroweak symmetry is restored. Our results include the 52 PDFs of the unpolarized proton, evolving according to the SU(3), SU(2), U(1), mixed SU(2)×U(1) and Yukawa interactions. We illustrate the numerical effects on parton distributions at large energies, and show that this can lead to important corrections to parton luminosities at a future 100 TeV collider.

A bstract We present a resummation of those double-logarithmically enhanced electroweak correction that arise in pp colliders because protons are not SU(2) singlets, by solving DGLAP equations in the full Standard Model. We then show how to match these results with those of fixed-order electroweak calculations. At a 100 TeV pp collider, contributions beyond order α are ∼ 10% at partonic center-of-mass energies of a few TeV. These are mainly due to initial states with massive vector bosons.

A bstract Using the known resummation of virtual corrections together with knowledge of the leading-log structure of real radiation in a parton shower, we derive analytic expressions for the resummed real radiation after they have been integrated over all of phase space. Performing a numerical analysis for both the 13 TeV LHC and a 100 TeV pp collider, we show that resummation of the real corrections is at least as important as resummation of the virtual corrections, and that this resummation has a sizable effect for partonic center of mass energies exceeding s = O (few TeV). For partonic center of mass energies s ≳ 10 TeV, which can be reached at a 100 TeV collider, resummation becomes an O(1) effect and needs to be included even for rough estimates of the cross-sections.

Using the known resummation of virtual corrections together with knowledge of the leading-log structure of real radiation in a parton shower, we derive analytic expressions for the resummed real radiation after they have been integrated over all of phase space. Performing a numerical analysis for both the 13 TeV LHC and a 100 TeV pp collider, we show that resummation of the real corrections is at least as important as resummation of the virtual corrections, and that this resummation has a sizable effect for partonic center of mass energies exceeding √ s = O(few TeV). For partonic center of mass energies √ s & 10 TeV, which can be reached at a 100 TeV collider, resummation becomes an O(1) effect and needs to be included even for rough estimates of the cross-sections. We compute the leading-order evolution of parton distribution functions for all Standard Model fermions and bosons up to energy scales far above the electroweak scale, where electroweak symmetry is restored. Our results include the 52 PDFs of the unpolarized proton, evolving according to the SU(3), SU(2), U(1), mixed SU(2)×U(1) and Yukawa interactions. We illustrate the numerical effects on parton distributions at large energies, and show that this can lead to important corrections to parton luminosities at a future 100 TeV collider.We present a resummation of those double-logarithmically enhanced electroweak correction that arise in pp colliders because protons are not SU(2) singlets, by solving DGLAP equations in the full Standard Model. We then show how to match these results with those of fixed-order electroweak calculations. At a 100 TeV pp collider, contributions beyond order α are ∼ 10% at partonic center-of-mass energies of a few TeV. These are mainly due to initial states with massive vector bosons.

Using the known resummation of virtual corrections together with knowledge of the leading-log structure of real radiation in a parton shower, we derive analytic expressions for the resummed real radiation after they have been integrated over all of phase space. Performing a numerical analysis for both the 13 TeV LHC and a 100 TeV \\(pp\\) collider, we show that resummation of the real corrections is at least as important as resummation of the virtual corrections, and that this resummation has a sizable effect for partonic center of mass energies exceeding \\(s = O\\)(few TeV). For partonic center of mass energies \\(s \\) 10 TeV, which can be reached at a 100 TeV collider, resummation becomes an O(1) effect and needs to be included even for rough estimates of the cross-sections.

We present a resummation of those double-logarithmically enhanced electroweak correction that arise in pp colliders because protons are not SU(2) singlets, by solving DGLAP equations in the full Standard Model. We then show how to match these results with those of fixed-order electroweak calculations. At a 100 TeV pp collider, contributions beyond order alpha are ~ 10% at partonic center-of-mass energies of a few TeV. These are mainly due to initial states with massive vector bosons.

We compute the leading-order evolution of parton distribution functions for all the Standard Model fermions and bosons up to energy scales far above the electroweak scale, where electroweak symmetry is restored. Our results include the 52 PDFs of the unpolarized proton, evolving according to the SU(3), SU(2), U(1), mixed SU(2) x U(1) and Yukawa interactions. We illustrate the numerical effects on parton distributions at large energies, and show that this can lead to important corrections to parton luminosities at a future 100 TeV collider.

Access to care for patients with musculoskeletal disorders (MSKDs) remains a significant challenge. Telehealth has emerged as a promising solution to improve access to care. However, conducting initial evaluations of MSKDs remotely raises concerns about patient safety and clinical efficacy due to the necessary adaptations required for a clinical examination and the challenges of obtaining an accurate and reliable diagnosis. We aim to explore the use of telehealth for the initial evaluation of MSKDs in the province of Quebec, Canada. Through semistructured interviews with selected patients, health care providers, and other key stakeholders involved in telehealth, this study aims to provide a comprehensive and detailed understanding of its application, benefits, and challenges. Semistructured interviews were conducted in the province of Quebec with patients, clinicians, telehealth software specialists, and professional bodies' representatives. Five tailored interview guides were developed using the Consolidated Framework of Implementation Research and the Framework of Mathieu-Fritz and Esterle for the study of telehealth interventions. The themes explored included participants' prior experiences with telehealth, perceived strengths and limitations of telehealth, particularly regarding the initial evaluation and diagnosis of new patients, and the current global environment of telehealth use. All interviews were transcribed verbatim, and a reflexive thematic analysis was performed using the Mathieu-Fritz Framework. Thirty-eight participants, including patients (n=11), health care providers (family physicians and musculoskeletal medical specialists: n=11; and physiotherapy professionals: n=10), telehealth software specialists (n=2), and representatives from professional bodies (n=4), shared their perspectives on telehealth for the initial evaluation of MSKDs. Five key themes emerged: (1) several participants viewed telehealth, including remote evaluations, as a solution to improve access to care; (2) patients and health care providers reported that a remote evaluation was more appropriate for simpler MSKD presentations; (3) some health care providers expressed concerns about the potential for an increase in diagnostic errors and the challenges of performing all usual components of a standard MSKD physical examination remotely; (4) patients expressed doubts about their ability to effectively perform certain tasks or tests on themselves; and (5) broader challenges were also highlighted by all participants, such as the impact on the patient-clinician relationship, access to appropriate hardware, digital literacy, and confidentiality concerns. Telehealth is seen as a valuable solution to improve access to care for patients with MSKDs, especially for simpler cases or urgent needs. However, remote physical examination poses challenges associated with concerns about diagnostic accuracy and limited remote physical examination procedures and components. Effective implementation will likely require more evidence-based guidelines, provider training on remote techniques and strategies to maintain patient-provider relationships. Addressing access to technology, digital literacy, and privacy concerns is also essential to ensure equitable adoption and to optimize telehealth in musculoskeletal care.

GABA A /glycine-mediated neuronal inhibition critically depends on intracellular chloride (Cl − ) concentration which is mainly regulated by the K + -Cl − co-transporter 2 (KCC2) in the adult central nervous system (CNS). KCC2 heterogeneity thus affects information processing across CNS areas. Here, we uncover a gradient in Cl − extrusion capacity across the superficial dorsal horn (SDH) of the spinal cord (laminae I-II: LI-LII), which remains concealed under low Cl − load. Under high Cl − load or heightened synaptic drive, lower Cl − extrusion is unveiled in LI, as expected from the gradient in KCC2 expression found across the SDH. Blocking TrkB receptors increases KCC2 in LI, pointing to differential constitutive TrkB activation across laminae. Higher Cl − lability in LI results in rapidly collapsing inhibition, and a form of activity-dependent synaptic plasticity expressed as a continuous facilitation of excitatory responses. The higher metaplasticity in LI as compared to LII differentially affects sensitization to thermal and mechanical input. Thus, inconspicuous heterogeneity of Cl − extrusion across laminae critically shapes plasticity for selective nociceptive modalities. Inhibition in spinal nociceptive pathways is weaker and more labile in lamina I —where thermal input is primarily processed— than in lamina II that encodes predominantly high threshold mechanical input. This explains why noxious thermal input makes spinal circuits prone to catastrophic sensitization.

Abstract Basement membrane transmigration is an important step in tissue recruitment of eosinophils into inflamed tissue. Recent reports showed that this phenomenon is modulated by platelet-activating factor (PAF) in combination with cytokines and proteinases. We investigated the in vitro efficacy of 5-oxo-6,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid (5-oxo-ETE), a metabolite of arachidonic acid and known as a potent eosinophil chemotactic factor, in promoting the transmigration of blood eosinophils from normal and asthmatic subjects through a Matrigel basement membrane. 5-Oxo-ETE proved to be a more potent (> 10-fold) inducer of eosinophil transmigration than PAF, and this effect was similar in cells from normal and asthmatic subjects (82.0 ± 3.7% and 88.1 ± 3.7%, respectively). Moreover, 5-oxo-ETE was active in the absence of interleukin (IL)-5, although this cytokine amplified the effect of 5-oxo-ETE from 61.3 ± 3.3% to 92.8 ± 1.8% (p = 0.003). The membrane receptor for urokinase plasminogen activator (CD87), a serine protease, was observed on eosinophils, and its expression was increased by IL-5. The inhibition of both metalloproteinases (MMP) and plasmin/plasminogen complex with inhibitor or monoclonal antibodies decreased cell transmigration by about 50%. Combination of an MMP inhibitor with anti-CD87 antibodies had no additive effect. These data show that 5-oxo-ETE is an efficient promoter of eosinophil transmigration in vitro, and is much more potent in this respect than PAF. The data suggest that 5-oxo-ETE could play an important role in eosinophil recruitment in vivo. Moreover, they demonstrate that in addition to MMP, the plasmin/plasminogen system could be involved in eosinophil transmigration.