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Beer is one of the most widely consumed alcoholic beverages and is rich in nutrients. Meanwhile, bread waste is a major contributor to global food waste. This study investigated substituting up to 50% of malt with whole wheat bread in American lager, Indian pale ale, and Bavarian weiss ale to reduce bread waste and enhance beer’s nutritional profile. The study assessed physicochemical properties, bioactive compounds, and volatile profiles of bread-based beers versus traditional malt-based brews. Results showed that bread beers maintained key properties while increasing bioactive compounds, especially in Bavarian weiss, which had higher total polyphenol content (1.04 mg GAE mL−1 compared to 0.507 mg GAE mL−1). Antioxidant activity in weiss beer also increased (2.007–2.057 μMol DPPH mL−1 relative to 0.68–1.75 μMol DPPH mL −1 in 100% malt weiss). PCA analysis highlighted a distinct bioactive profile in bread beers, with elevated phenylethyl alcohol and ethyl octanoate. Substituting malt with bread was feasible, producing beers of comparable quality and potential health benefits. These findings support bread as a sustainable, cost-effective malt alternative, reducing waste and enhancing beer within a circular economy framework.

Nurses play a critical role in caring for elderly patients; however, the emphasis on aging care in undergraduate programs may be insufficient. The present study aims at identifying the relevance given to theoretical and/or practical gerontological and geriatric contents in undergraduate study plans in Portugal and Spain. Presenting a two-part investigation, an integrative review approach examines nursing education on a global scale and a comparative analysis, using Bereday’s comparative method, to assess the nursing curricula between Portugal and Spain. The search found 117 documents, with 16 being included. Studies covered diverse educational practices in geriatric and gerontological nursing, emphasizing curriculum development, faculty expertise, practical training, attitudes towards elderly care, and future directions. The comparative analysis of nursing curricula revealed that Portugal places a priority on building foundational theoretical knowledge in the first year and then gradually integrating practical training. In contrast, Spain emphasizes an extensive and integrated approach with a strong focus on practical skills and comprehensive assessments. Our research emphasizes the need to incorporate aging-focused education into nursing curricula and update the curriculum, providing hands-on training with early exposure to these environments. Additionally, simulation classes can enhance critical thinking by allowing students to experience aging effects firsthand.

Rising greenhouse gas emissions, especially CO2, has become a major environmental issue by contributing to the aggravation of the effects of climate change. Despite this, elevated CO2 has been demonstrated to positively affect plants by stimulating their growth, development, and water‐use efficiency through the stimulation of photosynthesis. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the potential use of elevated CO2 from industrial heating emissions as a biostimulant for tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), and strawberry (Fragaria vesca L.) plants grown in a semiclosed greenhouse. For this, the effect of 1000 ppm of CO2 on plant gas exchange, nutrient uptake, and metabolism is determined. Additionally, a biofilter system is designed to retain particles and toxic substances generated during combustion. Air quality analyses demonstrate the efficiency of the biofilter in capturing these substances, preventing their emissions in the greenhouse. On the plants, elevated CO2 levels significantly improve photosynthesis, growth, and fruit yield in all the species. Moreover, the increase in mineral nutrient requirements and changes in the dynamics of the metabolites indicate a physiological adaptation of the plants. These changes highlight the potential use of CO2‐rich pollutant gases in optimizing agricultural practices, thus reducing their emissions into the atmosphere. Using CO2‐rich polluting gases in greenhouse plant cultivation has proven to be a promising technique for stimulating plants while reducing emissions to the atmosphere. The use of an experimental biofilter proves to be effective in retaining most of the toxic particles. The alteration of physiological and metabolic parameters shows an adaptation of the plants to elevated CO2 conditions.

IntroductionReducing unplanned hospital admissions in chronic patients at risk is a key area for action due to the high healthcare and societal burden of the phenomenon. The inconclusive results of preventive strategies in patients with chronic obstructive respiratory disorders and comorbidities are explainable by multifactorial but actionable factors.The current protocol (January 2024–December 2025) relies on the hypothesis that intertwined actions in four dimensions: (1) management change, (2) personalisation of the interventions based on early detection/treatment of acute episodes and enhanced management of comorbidities, (3) mature digital support and (4) comprehensive assessment, can effectively overcome most of the limitations shown by previous preventive strategies. Accordingly, the main objective is to implement a novel integrated care preventive service for enhanced management of these patients, as well as to evaluate its potential for value generation.Methods and analysisAt the end of 2024, the specifics of the novel service will be defined through the articulation of its four main components: (1) enhanced lung function testing through oscillometry, (2) continuous monitoring of indoor air quality as a potential triggering factor, (3) digital support with an adaptive case management (ACM) approach and (4) predictive modelling for early identification and management of exacerbations. During 2025, the novel service will be assessed using a Quintuple Aim approach. Moreover, the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research will be applied to assess the implementation. The service components will be articulated through four sequential 6-month plan-do-study-act cycles. Each cycle involves a targeted cocreation process following a mixed-methods approach with the active participation of patients, health professionals, managers and digital experts.Ethics and disseminationThe Ethics Committee for Human Research at Hospital Clinic de Barcelona approved the protocol on 29 June 2023 (HCB/2023/0126). Before any procedure, all patients in the study must sign an informed consent form.Trial registration numberNCT06421402.

Indoor air quality (IAQ) significantly influences human health, as individuals spend up to 90% of their time indoors, where air pollutants can accumulate and interact dynamically. Despite advancements in monitoring technology, challenges remain in capturing the temporal and spatial variability of pollutants and understanding the interaction between indoor and outdoor environments. This study addresses these gaps by introducing a comprehensive dataset from a controlled experimental room in Croatia, leveraging a multi-instrumental approach to monitor IAQ across various real-life scenarios. The dataset integrates measurements from low-cost sensors, reference-grade devices, and auxiliary systems to track pollutants such as particulate matter (PM), black carbon (BC), volatile organic compounds (VOC), and indoor events deemed relevant for the assessment of pollutant levels. Key experiments simulated household activities, including cooking, cleaning, human presence, and ventilation, capturing their impacts on IAQ with high temporal resolution. The resulting dataset comprises over 19 subsets. This work contributes to the Horizon EDIAQI project, supporting the development of evidence-driven strategies to improve IAQ.

Background Postpartum is a critical phase for women’s health, characterized by physical, psychological, and social changes. Social networks have emerged as a predominant communication channel, offering support and quick access to information about motherhood. However, their use can also negatively influence body image and dietary behavior, especially in a context of pro-slimness beauty standards. Postpartum women are particularly vulnerable to body dissatisfaction, but there are still few studies that specifically analyze the impact of social networks at this stage. This scoping review aims to map and describe the available evidence on how the possible influence of exposure to social media content on body image perception and the adoption of eating and exercise-related habits in women during the postpartum period has been investigated. Methods This scoping review was conducted following the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews) guidelines, adapted for exploratory reviews. We searched for studies published in the last 10-years in databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, and BVS, using terms related to social networks, body image, diet, exercise, and the postpartum period. Eight studies were included after applying eligibility criteria based on the PIO framework. An assessment of the quality of methodological reporting was performed using best practice guidelines such as SRQR, STROBE, CONSORT, and PRISMA, for descriptive purposes. Results We analyzed 8 studies suggesting that social networks may negatively influence the body image, eating and exercise habits of postpartum women. The publications represent unrealistic aesthetic standards, associated with body dissatisfaction, restrictive diets, and intensive exercise, with prevalent nutritional misinformation. Although positive messages of body acceptance were identified, they were scarce, suggesting the need for regulation and media education. Conclusions Social networks could exert a relevant influence on women’s body image and self-care habits in the postpartum period, promoting unrealistic aesthetic standards that could have a negative impact on their physical and emotional well-being. It is essential to implement media literacy strategies, promote inclusive content, and regulate misinformation on these platforms to mitigate their adverse effects and promote a healthy and sustainable recovery.

Rising greenhouse gas emissions, especially CO 2 , has become a major environmental issue by contributing to the aggravation of the effects of climate change. Despite this, elevated CO 2 has been demonstrated to positively affect plants by stimulating their growth, development, and water‐use efficiency through the stimulation of photosynthesis. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the potential use of elevated CO 2 from industrial heating emissions as a biostimulant for tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.), cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L.), and strawberry ( Fragaria vesca L.) plants grown in a semiclosed greenhouse. For this, the effect of 1000 ppm of CO 2 on plant gas exchange, nutrient uptake, and metabolism is determined. Additionally, a biofilter system is designed to retain particles and toxic substances generated during combustion. Air quality analyses demonstrate the efficiency of the biofilter in capturing these substances, preventing their emissions in the greenhouse. On the plants, elevated CO 2 levels significantly improve photosynthesis, growth, and fruit yield in all the species. Moreover, the increase in mineral nutrient requirements and changes in the dynamics of the metabolites indicate a physiological adaptation of the plants. These changes highlight the potential use of CO 2 ‐rich pollutant gases in optimizing agricultural practices, thus reducing their emissions into the atmosphere.

Climate change impacts particularly affect vulnerable populations such as children. Therefore, addressing the adaptation of educational buildings is crucial in avoiding these negative effects on school performance. In this paper, three educational buildings, located in Badajoz (Spain), Evora (Portugal) and Porto (Portugal), serve as pilot samples to study the suitability of nature-based solutions (NBS), chosen for each one of three climatic zones. The NBS selected include green roofs, vertical structures with vegetation to shade holes, outdoor trees and free-cooling ventilation. The scenarios of the different NBS implemented in the three models were simulated with the software EnergyPlus, which allows optimising the appropriate decision before renovation operations begin. The results obtained from the simulations suggest energy performance improvements after applying the most adequate NBS selection to each one of the three buildings tested. Particularly, a reduction in radiation on both roofs and facades is required in the case of Evora and Badajoz, where both climate zones have similar features, that is, warm and dry. While in Porto, milder and more humid than the former ones, it is very effective to operate mainly on the roof, complemented by small ventilation operations.

This paper analyses a process of integration of defined benefit occupational pension plans with the public Social Security system of Spain. The theoretical model which reflects the structure of these pension systems is described. By applying the Offset method in the process of integrating the two social security systems, it is found that replacement rates of pensions, depending on the target of replacing the final salary set by the promoter employer of the plan, are modified, the more the higher the wage level of workers that make up the pension plan. This analysis is performed for the period 1985-2020, considering different types of pension plans such as the Final-Pay and Career-Pay in their modalities of Flat Benefit and Unit Benefit.