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"Fernández, Cristina"
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Intestinal Fructose and Glucose Metabolism in Health and Disease
The worldwide epidemics of obesity and diabetes have been linked to increased sugar consumption in humans. Here, we review fructose and glucose metabolism, as well as potential molecular mechanisms by which excessive sugar consumption is associated to metabolic diseases and insulin resistance in humans. To this end, we focus on understanding molecular and cellular mechanisms of fructose and glucose transport and sensing in the intestine, the intracellular signaling effects of dietary sugar metabolism, and its impact on glucose homeostasis in health and disease. Finally, the peripheral and central effects of dietary sugars on the gut–brain axis will be reviewed.
Journal Article
مع آغاتا في إستانبول : قصص
تتناول مجموعة قصص \"مع آغاتا في إستانبول\" لكريستينا فرناندس كوباس، وترجمة علي إبراهيم أشقر، تجارب إنسانية متنوعة تتمحور حول رحلة استكشاف عواصم الفكر والذكريات، من خلال سرد قصصي متنوع، تأخذنا كاتبة هذه المجموعة في عالم مليء بالتفاصيل الثقافية والاجتماعية التي تعكس روح مدينة إستانبول الغنية بالتاريخ والتنوع، تظهر القصص العلاقات المعقدة بين الشخصيات، كما تبرز التفاعل بين الماضي والحاضر في إطار المدينة المتعددة الثقافات، تتجلى في هذه القصص مشاعر الفقدان، الحنين، والاكتشاف، مما يجعل القارئ يترابط مع الأحداث والأماكن بصورة عميقة، ويسلط الضوء على تأثير المكان في تشكيل الهويات والتجارب الإنسانية.
Book
Evidence for sex difference in the CSF/plasma albumin ratio in ~20 000 patients and 335 healthy volunteers
Given sex‐related differences in brain disorders, it is of interest to study if there is a sex difference in the permeability of the blood‐cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB) and the blood‐brain barrier (BBB). The CSF/serum albumin ratio (QAlb) is a standardized biomarker that evaluates the function of these barriers. In previous studies, contradictory results have been reported with respect to sex difference using this quotient, possibly because of small population sizes and heterogeneity with respect to ages. QAlb measurements in more than 20 000 patients between 1 and 90 years visiting our hospitals revealed a significant sex difference in all age groups also when excluding patients with pathologically high CSF albumin > 400 mg/L. Similar pattern was found in 335 healthy volunteers in similar age intervals. Although also other factors are likely important, our observation is consistent with lower integrity of the brain barriers in males. If the difference in QAlb is caused mainly by a difference in barrier function, this may require different drug doses and strategies for efficient central nervous system (CNS) delivery in males and females, as well as it may indicate differences in brain metabolism. Moreover, our study emphasizes that different reference values should be used both for different ages and sexes.
Journal Article
مع آغاثا في إسطنبول : قصص
تحكي الرواية عن فتاة تدخل ديرا للراهبات مع صندوق وفستان زفاف، وامرأة تتبع متشردة ترتدي ثوبا أخضر في شوارع المدينة، وثالثة تتغير حياتها، بعد زيارة مدفن عائلة زوجها، ولا تنفك تبحث لنفسها، عن مكان ورابعة تائهة في عالم أواجه رمادية وبنية وبنفسجية، تطفو فوقها خشبة نجاتها، وخامسة تزور مع زوجها إسطنبول وتقيم في الفندق ذاته، حيث أقامت آغاثا كريستي ذات يوم، فتتقاطع حياة الاثنتين بطريقة غامضة. هؤلاء النسوة الخمس، هن بطلات كريستينا فرناندث كوباس التي تروي فيخيم علينا سحر خاص، يغوينا، يثير غضبنا، يملؤنا بصور ومشاعر وأوصاف وأخيلة، لا نملك أمامها إلى الذهول، بقدرة كاتبتها، على خلق أجواء حلمية بأسلوب أدبي متفرد.
BOOK
Risk score for cardiac surgery in active left-sided infective endocarditis
ObjectiveTo develop and validate a calculator to predict the risk of in-hospital mortality in patients with active infective endocarditis (IE) undergoing cardiac surgery.MethodsThousand two hundred and ninety-nine consecutive patients with IE were prospectively recruited (1996–2014) and retrospectively analysed. Left-sided patients who underwent cardiac surgery (n=671) form our study population and were randomised into development (n=424) and validation (n=247) samples. Variables statistically significant to predict in-mortality were integrated in a multivariable prediction model, the Risk-Endocarditis Score (RISK-E). The predictive performance of the score and four existing surgical scores (European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation (EuroSCORE) I and II), Prosthesis, Age ≥70, Large Intracardiac Destruction, Staphylococcus, Urgent Surgery, Sex (Female) (PALSUSE), EuroSCORE ≥10) and Society of Thoracic Surgeons’s Infective endocarditis score (STS-IE)) were assessed and compared in our cohort. Finally, an external validation of the RISK-E in a separate population was done.ResultsVariables included in the final model were age, prosthetic infection, periannular complications, Staphylococcus aureus or fungi infection, acute renal failure, septic shock, cardiogenic shock and thrombocytopaenia. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve in the validation sample was 0.82 (95% CI 0.75 to 0.88). The accuracy of the other surgical scores when compared with the RISK-E was inferior (p=0.010). Our score also obtained a good predictive performance, area under the curve 0.76 (95% CI 0.64 to 0.88), in the external validation.ConclusionsIE-specific factors (microorganisms, periannular complications and sepsis) beside classical variables in heart surgery (age, haemodynamic condition and renal failure) independently predicted perioperative mortality in IE. The RISK-E had better ability to predict surgical mortality in patients with IE when compared with other surgical scores.
Journal Article
حجرة نونا : قصص
حجرة نونا\" هي قصص نرى فيها تعقيدات النفس البشرية والغموض الذي يلف حياتنا من دون أن ننجح في ملاحظته وفهمه دائما، تعيد فيها \"كوباس\" النظر في الطفولة والنضج والوحدة والأسرة، لتكشف لنا أن لا شيء هو فعليا كما يبدو، كاتبة كل ذلك بلغة شفيفة وبأسلوب متفرد تضفي عليه مسحة بوليسية، بمهارة وخفة.
BOOK
A Novel Sprouted Oat Fermented Beverage: Evaluation of Safety and Health Benefits for Celiac Individuals
The safety and health effects for celiac people of a novel beverage (SOFB) developed from sprouted oat flour by fermentation with Lactobacillus plantarum was explored. In vitro reactivity against anti-gliadin antibodies (AGA) and antioxidant/anti-inflammatory potential of SOFB in RAW 264.7 macrophages and Caco-2 cells were evaluated. Immunoreactivity against AGA and antioxidant activity were not detected in SOFB, but it exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity. The tolerability and impact of SOFB consumption for 6 months on nutritional status and intestinal microbiota composition were investigated in 10 celiac adults (five treated and five control). SOFB consumption did not adversely affect duodenal mucosa nor the total IgA or anti-tissue transglutaminase antibody (IgA-tTG) levels in celiac participants, but it significantly decreased total cholesterol levels at all sampling times and folic acid levels at the end of the study compared to the placebo beverage. SOFB administration also shifted gut microbiota, leading to a higher relative abundance of some beneficial bacteria including the genera Subdoligranulum, Ruminococcus and Lactobacillus in the SOFB group. This study provides supporting evidence of the safety of health benefits of a novel functional beverage produced from sprouted oat.
Journal Article
Gut microbiota profiles are associated with different spontaneous cortical activity in healthy older people
It has been shown that the gut and the brain are linked through a multimodal, bidirectional pathway called the gut-brain axis. In the gut-to-brain way, the gut microbiota has been shown to be the main regulator. In clinical practice, evidence of microbiota and brain interactions comes from the association of gut microbiota alterations with neurological and psychiatric conditions. However, until now, it remains unknown how the gut microbiota influences brain activity. In this paper, we show that different microbiota profiles from healthy older people are associated with different spontaneous activity in medial posterior cortical areas. These areas are associated with memory, language, and emotion processing abilities. Therefore, the results obtained provide evidence that non-pathological gut microbiota profiles are correlated to spontaneous cortical activity associated with cognitive functions that typically deteriorate with age. This implies that early nutritional interventions that modify microbiota composition could help delay or ameliorate natural age-related cognitive decline.
Journal Article
Microalgae autoflocculation: an alternative to high-energy consuming harvesting methods
With increasing concerns regarding energy and environment, algae biofuel is generating considerable interest around the world. Nevertheless, the harvesting step required before downstream biomass processing is a major bottleneck. Commonly employed methods include addition of chemicals or use of mechanical equipment that increase dramatically the biofuel production cost. This review deals with naturally occurring processes that can help offset those costs by causing microalgae flocculation. Interaction theories are briefly reviewed. In addition, operational parameters such as pH, irradiance, nutrients, dissolved oxygen, and temperature effect on microalgae flocculation are evaluated. Finally, microalgae flocculation is also considered from an ecological point of view by taking advantage of their interaction with other microorganisms.
Journal Article