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"Fernandez-Martinez, Javier"
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Deus ex machina
\"Batman's team of vigilantes has ghosts in their pasts. And now they have come to roost. When Batman formed a team of fellow vigilantes to help him combat evil in Gotham City, he did it partially to protect his allies from the enemies targeting them. But being on a team makes for more targets, and sometimes the ghosts of your past can become everyone's problem. Azrael was raised to be the perfect assassin by the mysterious Order of St. Dumas...before he rebelled. But when the Order decides to create a more perfect assassin, Azrael and the entire team find themselves in the crosshairs of the deadly A.I. known as Ascalon. This kind of magic and mysticism was part of Bruce Wayne's training when he became Batman. And to save his friends, Bruce will seek the most powerful magical artifact that ever existed. The God Machine can give its bearer any knowledge, answer any question...but in the hands of the World's Greatest Detective, could it be even more dangerous than Ascalon?\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Predicting Stroke Etiology with Radiomics: A Retrospective Study
Background/Objectives: The composition of the thrombus is not taken into account in the etiology determination of patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS); however, it varies depending on the origin of the thrombus, as atherothrombotic thrombi contain more red blood cells and cardioembolic thrombi contain more fibrin and platelets. Radiomics has the potential to provide quantitative imaging data that may vary depending on the composition of thrombi. The aim of this study is to predict cardioembolic and atherothrombotic thrombi using radiomic features (RFs) from non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT) brain scans. Methods: A total of 845 RFs were extracted from each of the 41 patients included in the study. A predictive model was used to classify patients as either cardioembolic or atherothrombotic, and the results were compared with the TOAST criteria-based classification. Results: Ten RFs (one shape feature and nine texture features) were found to demonstrate a statistically significant correlation with cardioembolic or atherothrombotic origins. The predictive radiomics model achieved an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.842 and an accuracy of 0.902 (p < 0.001) in classifying stroke etiology. Conclusions: Radiomics based on NCCT can help to determine the etiology of AIS.
Journal Article
A strategy for dissecting the architectures of native macromolecular assemblies
The molecular architecture of protein complexes can be determined using an optimal approach for isolating GFP-tagged complexes at native levels, combined with cross-linking, mass spectrometry analysis, and structure modeling from mass spectrometry-derived distance restraints.
It remains particularly problematic to define the structures of native macromolecular assemblies, which are often of low abundance. Here we present a strategy for isolating complexes at endogenous levels from GFP-tagged transgenic cell lines. Using cross-linking mass spectrometry, we extracted distance restraints that allowed us to model the complexes' molecular architectures.
Journal Article
Noninvasive Prenatal Testing: Comparison of Two Mappers and Influence in the Diagnostic Yield
Objective. The aim of this study was to determine if the use of different mappers for NIPT may vary the results considerably. Methods. Peripheral blood was collected from 217 pregnant women, 58 pathological (34 pregnancies with trisomy 21, 18 with trisomy 18, and 6 with trisomy 13) and 159 euploid. MPS was performed following a manufacturer’s modified protocol of semiconductor sequencing. Obtained reads were mapped with two different software programs: TMAP and HPG-Aligner, comparing the results. Results. Using TMAP, 57 pathological samples were correctly detected (sensitivity 98.28%, specificity 93.08%): 33 samples as trisomy 21 (sensitivity 97.06%, specificity 99.45%), 16 as trisomy 18 (sensibility 88.89%, specificity 93.97%), and 6 as trisomy 13 (sensibility 100%, specificity 100%). 11 false positives, 1 false negative, and 2 samples incorrectly identified were obtained. Using HPG-Aligner, all the 58 pathological samples were correctly identified (sensibility 100%, specificity 96.86%): 34 as trisomy 21 (sensibility 100%, specificity 98.91%), 18 as trisomy 18 (sensibility 100%, specificity 98.99%), and 6 as trisomy 13 (sensibility 100%, specificity 99.53%). 5 false positives were obtained. Conclusion. Different mappers use slightly different algorithms, so the use of one mapper or another with the same batch file can provide different results.
Journal Article
Candidate Genes for Eyelid Myoclonia with Absences, Review of the Literature
Eyelid myoclonia with absences (EMA), also known as Jeavons syndrome (JS) is a childhood onset epileptic syndrome with manifestations involving a clinical triad of absence seizures with eyelid myoclonia (EM), photosensitivity (PS), and seizures or electroencephalogram (EEG) paroxysms induced by eye closure. Although a genetic contribution to this syndrome is likely and some genetic alterations have been defined in several cases, the genes responsible for have not been identified. In this review, patients diagnosed with EMA (or EMA-like phenotype) with a genetic diagnosis are summarized. Based on this, four genes could be associated to this syndrome (SYNGAP1, KIA02022/NEXMIF, RORB, and CHD2). Moreover, although there is not enough evidence yet to consider them as candidate for EMA, three more genes present also different alterations in some patients with clinical diagnosis of the disease (SLC2A1, NAA10, and KCNB1). Therefore, a possible relationship of these genes with the disease is discussed in this review.
Journal Article
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TWO MULTISPECTRAL IMAGING SYSTEMS ON THE 'ARXIU VALENCIÀ DEL DISSENY' INTERIOR DESIGN SAMPLES
Cultural heritage analysis using Multispectral (MSI) and Hyperspectral Imaging (HSI) has grown significantly since the early 21st century. This boom has been related to the development of digital imaging, with the appearance of cheaper and easier-to-use tools. This paper presents a comparative study between two multispectral imaging systems applied to interior design water colours from the Arxiu Valencià del Disseny (AVD) at the Universitat de València (UV). For the comparison, the samples were registered with these two systems: one based on an adapted digital DSLR camera and another dedicated hyperspectral camera. One of the systems made it possible to combine multiband technical photography (TP) with MSI (405-920nm, 18 bands) and open-source software processing. The second, based on HSI in the VNIR region (400-1000nm, 204 bands), even though it was not preferable for art photographic registration, favoured the data acquisition and processing thanks to the proprietary software automatization mechanisms. Therefore, it was observed that spectral information, calibration, and data processing were more limited in one system than in the other. Finally, this comparison aims to expose considerations to take into account when purchasing this equipment, rating issues such as affordability, versatility of use, and obtaining data.
Journal Article
Molecular and Neuroimaging Profile Associated with the Recurrence of Different Types of Strokes: Contribution from Real-World Data
Objective: This study aimed to investigate potential specific molecular and neuroimaging biomarkers for stroke subtype recurrence to improve secondary stroke prevention. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on a prospective stroke biobank. The main endpoint was to evaluate the association between different biomarkers and the recurrence of stroke subtypes. Serum levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a) were analyzed as inflammation biomarkers; N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-pro-BNP) and microalbuminuria were used as atrial/endothelial dysfunction biomarkers, while leukoaraiosis (LA) and soluble TNF-like inducers of apoptosis (sTWEAK) were used as biomarkers for blood–brain barrier dysfunction. Demographic and clinical variables were also included. Results: A total of 5038 stroke patients were included, with a mean follow-up of 4.9 years (±3.3). Stroke recurrences were observed in 18.4% of patients (927 individuals). The main results found were as follows: LA was independently associated with lacunar stroke recurrence (adjusted OR 9.50; 95% CI: 3.12–28.93). NT-pro-BNP levels higher than >1000 pg/mL were independently associated with cardioembolic stroke recurrence (adjusted OR 1.80; 95% CI: 1.23–2.61). Persistently elevated TNF-a levels (>24 pg/mL) after stroke recurrence showed an adjusted OR of 21.26 (95% CI: 12.42–37.59) for atherothrombotic subtype, whereas persistently high sTWEAK levels (>7000 pg/mL) after a second hemorrhagic stroke showed an adjusted OR of 4.81 (95% CI: 2.86–8.07) for hemorrhagic subtype. Conclusions: The presence of LA and high levels of NT-pro-BNP, TNF-a, and sTWEAK were associated with an increased risk for lacunar, cardioembolic, atherothrombotic, and hemorrhagic stroke recurrences, respectively.
Journal Article
How Can Radiomics Help the Clinical Management of Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke?
Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is the loss of neurological function due to a sudden reduction in cerebral blood flow and is a leading cause of disability and death worldwide. The field of radiological imaging has experienced growth in recent years, which could be boosted by the advent of artificial intelligence. One of the latest innovations in artificial intelligence is radiomics, which is based on the fact that a large amount of quantitative data can be extracted from radiological images, from which patterns can be identified and associated with specific pathologies. Since its inception, radiomics has been particularly associated with the field of oncology and has shown promising results in a wide range of clinical situations. The performance of radiomics in non-tumour pathologies has been increasingly explored in recent years, and the results continue to be promising. The aim of this review is to explore the potential applications of radiomics in AIS patients and to theorize how radiomics may change the paradigm for these patients in the coming years.
Journal Article
Silver Nanoparticle Chains for Ultra-Long-Range Plasmonic Waveguides for Nd3+ Fluorescence
Plasmonic waveguides have been shown to be a promising approach to confine and transport electromagnetic energy beyond the diffraction limit. However, ohmic losses generally prevent their integration at micrometric or millimetric scales. Here, we present a gain-compensated plasmonic waveguide based on the integration of linear chains of Ag nanoparticles on an optically active Nd3+-doped solid-state gain medium. By means of dual confocal fluorescence microscopy, we demonstrate long-range optical energy propagation due to the near-field coupling between the plasmonic nanostructures and the Nd3+ ions. The subwavelength fluorescence guiding is monitored at distances of around 100 µm from the excitation source for two different emission ranges centered at around 900 nm and 1080 nm. In both cases, the guided fluorescence exhibits a strong polarization dependence, consistent with the polarization behavior of the plasmon resonance supported by the chain. The experimental results are interpreted through numerical simulations in quasi-infinite long chains, which corroborate the propagation features of the Ag nanoparticle chains at both excitation (λexc = 590 nm) and emission wavelengths. The obtained results exceed by an order of magnitude that of previous reports on electromagnetic energy transport using linear plasmonic chains. The work points out the potential of combining Ag nanoparticle chains with a small interparticle distance (~2 nm) with rare-earth-based optical gain media as ultra-long-range waveguides with extreme light confinement. The results offer new perspectives for the design of integrated hybrid plasmonic–photonic circuits based on rare-earth-activated solid-state platforms.
Journal Article
Is Personalized Mechanical Thrombectomy Based on Clot Characteristics Feasible? A Radiomics Model Using NCECT to Predict FPE in AIS Patients Undergoing Thromboaspiration
Background/Objectives: In patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS), the first pass effect (FPE) refers to the complete recanalization of an occluded vessel (TICI = 2C/3) with a single thrombectomy attempt. Achieving complete vessel recanalization is associated with better functional outcomes compared to lower reperfusion rates (TICI < 2B). There is no consensus on which thrombectomy technique provides the best recanalization results for AIS patients. Furthermore, there is a paucity of tools available to predict FPE prior to mechanical thrombectomy (MT). The objective of this study is to develop a radiomics model based on brain NCECT to predict which patients are more likely to achieve a FPE with thromboaspiration MT. Methods: The thrombi of 91 patients were semi-automatically segmented on NCECT. A total of 1167 radiomic features (RFs) were extracted for each patient. Some clinical data (age, gender, cardiovascular risk factors, smoking or alcohol abuse, clot density and clot laterality) were also collected. Results: A LASSO regression analysis identified nine RFs with nonzero coefficients. A logistic regression model for FPE prediction was developed with nine RFs and eight clinical variables. A total of six RFs were found to be statistically associated with FPE. The clinical variables did not demonstrate a statistically significant association with the likelihood of achieving FPE (p > 0.05). The prediction of which patients are likely to achieve FPE obtained an AUC, accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of 0.890, 0.813, 0.815 and 0.811, respectively (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Radiomics can help identify patients who are more likely to achieve FPE with thromboaspiration.
Journal Article