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"Ferrara, S"
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Properties of nilpotent supergravity
A
bstract
We construct supergravity models where the goldstino multiplet has a gravitational origin, being dual to the chiral curvature superfield. Supersymmetry is nonlinearly realized due to a nilpotent constraint, while the goldstino arises from
γ
-traces of the gauge-invariant gravitino field strength. After duality transformations one recovers, as expected, the standard Volkov-Akulov Lagrangian coupled to Supergravity, but the gravitational origin of the goldstino multiplet restricts the available types of matter couplings. We also construct explicitly some inflationary models of this type, which contain both the inflaton and the nilpotent superfield.
Journal Article
National Athletic Trainers' Association Position Statement: Exertional Heat Illnesses
To present best-practice recommendations for the prevention, recognition, and treatment of exertional heat illnesses (EHIs) and to describe the relevant physiology of thermoregulation.
Certified athletic trainers recognize and treat athletes with EHIs, often in high-risk environments. Although the proper recognition and successful treatment strategies are well documented, EHIs continue to plague athletes, and exertional heat stroke remains one of the leading causes of sudden death during sport. The recommendations presented in this document provide athletic trainers and allied health providers with an integrated scientific and clinically applicable approach to the prevention, recognition, treatment, and return-to-activity guidelines for EHIs. These recommendations are given so that proper recognition and treatment can be accomplished in order to maximize the safety and performance of athletes.
Athletic trainers and other allied health care professionals should use these recommendations to establish onsite emergency action plans for their venues and athletes. The primary goal of athlete safety is addressed through the appropriate prevention strategies, proper recognition tactics, and effective treatment plans for EHIs. Athletic trainers and other allied health care professionals must be properly educated and prepared to respond in an expedient manner to alleviate symptoms and minimize the morbidity and mortality associated with these illnesses.
Journal Article
Is the timing of caloric intake associated with variation in diet-induced thermogenesis and in the metabolic pattern? A randomized cross-over study
Background/Objectives:
Food-induced thermogenesis is generally reported to be higher in the morning, although contrasting results exist because of differences in experimental settings related to the preceding fasting, exercise, sleeping and dieting. To definitively answer to this issue, we compared the calorimetric and metabolic responses to identical meals consumed at 0800 hours and at 2000 hours by healthy volunteers, after standardized diet, physical activity, duration of fast and resting.
Subjects/Methods:
Twenty subjects (age range 20–35 years, body mass index=19–26 kg m
−
2
) were enrolled to a randomized cross-over trial. They randomly received the same standard meal in the morning and, 7 days after, in the evening, or vice versa. A 30-min basal calorimetry was performed; a further 60-min calorimetry was done 120-min after the beginning of the meal. Blood samples were drawn every 30-min for 180-min. General linear models, adjusted for period and carry-over, were used to evaluate the ‘morning effect’, that is, the difference of morning delta (after-meal minus fasting values) minus evening delta (after-meal minus fasting values) of the variables.
Results:
Fasting resting metabolic rate (RMR) did not change from morning to evening; after-meal RMR values were significantly higher after the morning meal (1916; 95% confidence interval (CI)=1792, 2041 vs 1756; 1648, 1863 kcal;
P
<0.001). RMR was significantly increased after the morning meal (90.5; 95% CI=40.4, 140.6 kcal;
P
<0.001), whereas differences in areas-under-the-curve for glucose (−1800; −2564,−1036 mg dl
−1
× h,
P
<0.001), log-insulin (−0.19; −0.30,−0.07
μ
U ml
−1
× h;
P
=0.001) and fatty free acid concentrations (−16.1;−30.0,−2.09 mmol l
−1
× h;
P
=0.024) were significantly lower. Delayed and larger increases in glucose and insulin concentrations were found after the evening meals.
Conclusions:
The same meal consumed in the evening determined a lower RMR, and increased glycemic/insulinemic responses, suggesting circadian variations in the energy expenditure and metabolic pattern of healthy individuals. The timing of meals should probably be considered when nutritional recommendations are given.
Journal Article
Physical exercise for late-life major depression
Interventions including physical exercise may help improve the outcomes of late-life major depression, but few studies are available.
To investigate whether augmenting sertraline therapy with physical exercise leads to better outcomes of late-life major depression.
Primary care patients (465 years) with major depression were randomised to 24 weeks of higher-intensity, progressive aerobic exercise plus sertraline (S+PAE), lower-intensity, non-progressive exercise plus sertraline (S+NPE) and sertraline alone. The primary outcome was remission (a score of ≤10 on the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression).
A total of 121 patients were included. At study end, 45% of participants in the sertraline group, 73% of those in the S+NPE group and 81% of those in the S+PAE group achieved remission (P = 0.001). A shorter time to remission was observed in the S+PAE group than in the sertraline-only group.
Physical exercise may be a safe and effective augmentation to antidepressant therapy in late-life major depression.
Journal Article
A superfield constraint for N = 2 → N = 0 breaking
A
bstract
We identify a cubic holomorphic constraint that subtends the total breaking of
N
= 2 supersymmetry in a vector multiplet and exhibit its microscopic origin. The new constraint leaves behind, at low energies, a vector and the two goldstini, in a non-linear Lagrangian that generalizes the
N
= 2 Volkov-Akulov model.
Journal Article
Prevalence of Sleep Disturbances in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementing Disorders: A Multicenter Italian Clinical Cross-Sectional Study on 431 Patients
Background/Aims: Sleep disturbances are common in the elderly and in persons with cognitive decline. The aim of this study was to describe frequency and characteristics of insomnia, excessive daytime sleepiness, sleep-disordered breathing, REM behavior disorder and restless legs syndrome in a large cohort of persons with mild cognitive impairment or dementia. Methods: 431 consecutive patients were enrolled in 10 Italian neurological centers: 204 had Alzheimer’s disease, 138 mild cognitive impairment, 43 vascular dementia, 25 frontotemporal dementia and 21 Lewy body dementia or Parkinson’s disease dementia. Sleep disorders were investigated with a battery of standardized questions and questionnaires. Results: Over 60% of persons had one or more sleep disturbances almost invariably associated one to another without any evident and specific pattern of co-occurrence. Persons with Alzheimer’s disease and those with mild cognitive impairment had the same frequency of any sleep disorder. Sleep-disordered breathing was more frequent in vascular dementia. REM behavior disorder was more represented in Lewy body or Parkinson’s disease dementia. Conclusion: A careful clinical evaluation of sleep disorders should be performed routinely in the clinical setting of persons with cognitive decline. Instrumental supports should be used only in selected patients.
Journal Article
N = 2 Born-Infeld attractors
A
bstract
We derive new types of U(1)
n
Born-Infeld actions based on
N
= 2 special geometry in four dimensions. As in the single vector multiplet (
n
= 1) case, the non-linear actions originate, in a particular limit, from quadratic expressions in the Maxwell fields. The dynamics is encoded in a set of coefficients
d
ABC
related to the third derivative of the holomorphic prepotential and in an SU(2) triplet of
N
= 2 Fayet-Iliopoulos charges, which must be suitably chosen to preserve a residual
N
= 1 supersymmetry.
Journal Article