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This study presents a qualitative analysis of endangered species occurrences in conservation units of Rio de Janeiro, one of the largest Brazilian municipalities in population size. Increasing human activities trigger changes in biodiversity, promote fragmentation, and reduce species distribution ranges, which can ultimately lead to declines in population sizes. One of the main goals of protected areas (PAs), such as conservation units, is to protect and conserve biodiversity. Here, we compiled all vascular plant species recorded within Rio de Janeiro PAs by consulting the Reference Center for Environmental Information (SpeciesLink), Flora do Brasil (2020), and primary data records contained in management plans. We compared this compilation with the list of Brazilian endangered plant species, verifying whether the management plans presented specific programs for these species. Of the 60 surveyed PAs, 24 had records of endangered species and only 17 had management plans, 14 of which had a specific program that contemplated the monitoring and/or conservation of endangered species. A total of 70 endangered species were recorded. The highest numbers of endangered species were found in the Tijuca National Park (41) and the Pedra Branca State Park (17), the two largest PAs with the two largest forest fragments. Despite the high number of endangered species and the number of protected areas that harbor them, few internal programs address endangered species conservation and management. Thus, efforts to maintain endangered species in protected areas can be aided by field data collections that confirm their occurrence and maintenance in these PAs.

ObjectiveTo describe all the procedures of a study that will replicate a previous case-crossover study investigating physical and psychosocial transient exposure risk factors for triggering an episode of acute non-specific low back pain (LBP) at emergency departments in an emerging country.MethodsThis case-crossover study will recruit 350 patients, aged between 18 and 80 years, with a new episode of acute non-specific LBP seeking care at emergency departments from public hospitals in Brazil. We will collect information about exposure to a range of physical (eg, awkward postures, lifting children or animals, vigorous physical activity) and psychosocial triggers (eg, distraction, tiredness, alcohol consumption) that were examined in the previous study. The exposure to each trigger during the 2 hours preceding the onset of LBP (case window) will be compared with exposure in the 2-hour periods ending 24 (24–26 hours) and 48 (48–50 hours) hours before the onset of back pain (control window). Conditional logistic regression models will be built to estimate ORs expressing the magnitude of increased risk of developing LBP associated with each factor.DiscussionThis study will enable the confirmation of previous findings regarding transient exposure to factors that increase risk for an episode of acute LBP in a different setting (at emergency departments of an emerging country). To minimise the potential for recall bias, the maximum time between episode onset and interview will be 7 days; we will encourage participants to use their smartphones and diaries to remember the investigated period. Also, our interview script asked participants to nominate the key aspects of each day. Despite these efforts, the retrospective study design means it is not possible to completely exclude potential for recall bias. Furthermore, participants will be blinded to the case and control periods.Ethics and disseminationEthics were granted by the Research Ethics Committee (#20310219.8.0000.0064). Study findings will be disseminated through publications and conference presentations.

Forage cactus is an important crop for feeding ruminants in the dry regions of the globe. However, elevated rates of soil salinity and evapotranspiration can reduce or limit the growth of these plants. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different levels of saline water (0.1; 2.5; 5.0; 7.5 and 10.0 dS.m−1) applied via irrigation, and the use of mulch cover (rice husk) on the morphophysiological and productivity traits of the forage cactus Nopalea cochenillifera (L.) Salm-Dyck, during a 2-year field trial. The experiment was randomized in blocks, in strip-plot, with four replications. Dry matter yield (DMY), water use efficiency (WUE), and cladode thickness showed a negative response to the higher salt concentrations in water, during the first year of cultivation, but with no effects in the second year (mean DMY of 7 Mg ha−1 year−1). Soil cover with rice husk promoted a greater number of cladodes per plant (10 units), thicker cladodes (2.1 cm), superior cladode area (323 cm2), and lower dry matter content (78 g kg−1). Saline water up to 10.0 dS.m−1 can be used in the irrigation of Nopalea cochenillifera (L.) Salm-Dyck, since water supplementation is enough, combined with good soil drainage and well-established plantations.

Sporotrichosis is a globally distributed mycosis caused by thermally dimorphic fungi of the Sporothrix schenckii species complex. In Brazil, sporotrichosis is considered endemic and is usually acquired through zoonotic transmission from infected cats. The clinical manifestations may be cutaneous, lymphocutaneous, or systemic, the latter being more commonly observed in immunosuppressed patients. The limited effectiveness of antifungal treatments against this mycosis, particularly in immunocompromised individuals, has led to the search for more effective and safer therapies. Based on several studies demonstrating the efficient use of dendritic cells as tools for the development of antifungal vaccines, this work aimed to evaluate the protective capacity of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) activated with cell wall proteins of S. schenckii (SsCWP) in mice infected with S. schenckii sensu stricto. BMDCs were stimulated with SsCWP and analyzed for the surface expression of costimulatory molecules as well as proinflammatory cytokine secretion. Subsequently, mice were vaccinated once or twice to assess immunogenicity, and finally, the therapeutic effect of BMDCs on S. schenckii infection was evaluated. Our results show that SsCWP was able to activate BMDCs. Immunization of healthy mice with SsCWP-stimulated BMDCs induced a balanced Th1/Th17-based immune response. Vaccination of mice previously infected with S. schenckii induced a mixed Th1/Th17 response and reduced fungal burden in the spleen. Overall, these findings demonstrate that therapeutic vaccination with SsCWP-stimulated BMDCs improves fungal control, supporting the notion that dendritic cells represent a promising therapeutic strategy against sporotrichosis.

A single-dose dengue vaccine that protects individuals across a wide age range and regardless of dengue serostatus is an unmet need. We assessed the safety and efficacy of the live, attenuated, tetravalent Butantan-dengue vaccine (Butantan-DV) in adults, adolescents, and children. We previously reported the primary and secondary efficacy and safety endpoints in the initial 2 years of follow-up. Here we report the results through an extended follow-up period, with an average of 3·7 years of follow-up. In this double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3, multicentre trial in Brazil, healthy participants (aged 2–59 years) who had not previously received a dengue vaccine were enrolled and randomly assigned 2:1 (stratified by age 18–59 years, 7–17 years, and 2–6 years) using a central electronic randomisation system to receive 0·5 mL of Butantan-DV (containing approximately 103 plaque-forming units of each of the four vaccine virus strains) or placebo, administered subcutaneously. Syringes containing vaccine or placebo were prepared by an unmasked trial pharmacist who was not involved in any subsequent participant assessments; other site staff and the participants remained unaware of the group allocations. Vaccine efficacy was calculated with the accrual of virologically confirmed dengue (VCD) cases (by RT-PCR) at least 28 days after vaccination up until the cutoff (at least 2 years of follow-up from the last participant enrolled). The primary endpoint was vaccine efficacy against VCD after day 28 by any dengue virus (DENV) serotype regardless of dengue serostatus at baseline in the per-protocol population. The primary and secondary safety endpoints up until day 21 were previously reported; secondary safety endpoints include the frequency of unsolicited vaccine-related adverse events after day 22. Safety analyses were done on all participants as treated. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02406729) and is ongoing. Of 16 363 participants assessed for eligibility, 16 235 were randomly assigned between Feb 22, 2016, and July 5, 2019, and received single-dose Butantan-DV (10 259 participants) or placebo (5976 participants). 16 162 participants (Butantan-DV n=10 215; placebo n=5947) were included in the per-protocol population and 16 235 (Butantan-DV n=10 259; placebo n=5976) in the safety population. At the data cutoff (July 13, 2021), participants had 2–5 years of follow-up (mean 3·7 years [SD 1·0], median 4·0 years [IQR 3·2–4·5]). 356 VCD cases were captured through the follow-up (128 in the vaccine group and 228 in the placebo group). Vaccine efficacy against VCD caused by any DENV serotype was 67·3% (95% CI 59·4–73·9); cases caused by DENV-3 or DENV-4 were not observed. The proportions of participants who had serious adverse events were similar between treatment groups (637 [6·2%] in the vaccine group and 395 [6·6%] in the placebo group) up until the cutoff. A single dose of Butantan-DV was generally well tolerated and efficacious against symptomatic VCD (caused by DENV-1 and DENV-2) for a mean of 3·7 years. These findings support the continued development of Butantan-DV to prevent dengue disease in children, adolescents, and adults regardless of dengue serostatus. Instituto Butantan and Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, a subsidiary of Merck & Co. For the Spanish and Portuguese translations of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.

Background Limited data is available to evaluate the burden of device associated healthcare infections (HAI) [central line associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI), catheter associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI), and ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP)] in low and-middle-income countries. Our aim is to investigate the population attributable mortality fraction and the absolute mortality difference of HAI in a broad population of critically ill patients from Brazil. Methods Multicenter cohort study from September 2019 to December 2023 with prospective individual patient data collection. VAP, CLABSI, and CAUTI were diagnosed by each center in accordance with Brazilian regulatory agency guidance. If a patient fulfilled all diagnostic criteria, he was deemed to have Confirmed HAI. An adjusted disability multistate model was used to evaluate the population attributable in-hospital mortality fraction (PAF) and the absolute in-hospital mortality difference (AMD). Results A total of 128,247 patients were included. 4066 (3.2%) distinct patients had at least one diagnosis of HAI (1493 CLABSI, 433 CAUTI, 2742 VAP, and 435 patients with more than one HAI) during the ICU stay. The PAF was 3.89% (95% CI 3.68–4.11%) for HAI, 2.16% (2.05–2.33%) for VAP, 1.2% (1.08–1.32%) for CLABSI, 0.11% (0.07–0.16%) for CAUTI, and 0.33% (0.26–0.4%) for ≥ 2 HAI. The AMD for HAI was 33.69% (95% CI 32.27–35.33%), 29.01% (27.15–30.98%) for VAP, 31.64% (29.3–34.81%) for CLABSI, 9.94% (3.88–15.54%) for CAUTI and 35.6% (28.93–42.99%) for ≥ 2 HAI. Conclusions Device-associated HAI significantly contribute to hospital mortality and impose a high excess risk of death for critically ill patients.

Objective: This work sought to identify, in the discourse of educators, which strategies they can implement, within the school setting, to prevent and cope with the experience of domestic violence by adolescents. Method: Qualitative study based on the critical-liberating perspective of Paulo Freire, conducted with 20 educators from a public school in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. To collect the data, the interview was used and, to systematize them, the discourse of the collective subject. Results: The discourses reveal the following coping strategies of domestic violence experienced by adolescents: place into action the Guardianship Council; create reception and listening spaces for students; strengthen bonds between the school and family; promote educational actions, and articulate knowledge. Conclusions: The study provides paths to prevent and confront family abuses that compromise the physical and mental health of children and adolescents, with impact upon school performance. The study suggests the contribution of primary health care through actions linked to the Health in School Program and the insertion of the theme of violence in the different university careers, given that caring for children and adolescents and defending them constitutes an obligation for all citizens.

Objective: This work sought to identify, in the discourse of educators, which strategies they can implement, within the school setting, to prevent and cope with the experience of domestic violence by adolescents. Method: Qualitative study based on the critical-liberating perspective of Paulo Freire, conducted with 20 educators from a public school in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. To collect the data, the interview was used and, to systematize them, the discourse of the collective subject. Results: The discourses reveal the following coping strategies of domestic violence experienced by adolescents: place into action the Guardianship Council; create reception and listening spaces for students; strengthen bonds between the school and family; promote educational actions, and articulate knowledge. Conclusions: The study provides paths to prevent and confront family abuses that compromise the physical and mental health of children and adolescents, with impact upon school performance. The study suggests the contribution of primary health care through actions linked to the Health in School Program and the insertion of the theme of violence in the different university careers, given that caring for children and adolescents and defending them constitutes an obligation for all citizens. Objetivo: identificar, no discurso de educadoras, que estratégias elas podem implementar, no âmbito da escola, para prevenir e enfrentar a vivência de violência doméstica pelos adolescentes. Método: estudo qualitativo, fundamentado na perspectiva crítico-liberta-dora de Paulo Freire, realizado com 20 educadoras de uma escola pública, em Salvador, Bahia, Brasil. Para a coleta de dados, utilizou-se a entrevista e, para a sistematização destes, o discurso do sujeito coletivo. Resultados: os discursos revelam as seguintes estratégias de enfrentamento da violência doméstica vivenciada pelos adolescentes: acionar o Conselho Tutelar; criar espaços de acolhimento e es-cuta para os escolares; estreitar laços entre escola e família; promover ações educativas e articular saberes. Conclusões: este estudo contribui para indicar caminhos para a prevenção e o enfrentamento de abusos familiares que comprometem a saúde física e mental de crianças e adolescentes, com impactos sobre o desempenho escolar. Sugere-se a contribuição da atenção primária à saúde por meio de ações vinculadas ao Programa Saúde na Escola e a inserção da temática da violência nos diversos cursos de graduação, visto que cuidar das crianças e dos adolescentes e defendê-los constituem obrigação de todos os cidadãos. Objetivo: identificar, en el discurso de educadoras, qué estrategias pueden implementar, en el ámbito de la escuela, para prevenir y enfrentar la vivencia de violencia doméstica por adolescentes. Método: estudio cualitativo, basado en la perspectiva crítico-libertadora de Paulo Freire, llevado a cabo con 20 educadoras de una escuela pública, en Salvador, Bahía, Brasil. Para recolectar los datos, se em-pleó la entrevista y, para sistematizarlos, el discurso del sujeto colectivo. Resultados: los discursos develan las siguientes estrategias de enfrentamiento de la violencia doméstica vivida por adolescentes: accionar el Consejo Tutelar; crear espacios de acogida y escucha para los escolares; estrechar vínculos entre escuela y familia; promover acciones educativas y articular saberes. Conclusiones: el es-tudio aporta caminos para prevenir y enfrentar abusos familiares que comprometen la salud física y mental de niños y adolescentes, con impactos sobre el rendimiento escolar. Se sugiere la contribución de la atención primaria a la salud por medio de acciones vinculadas al Programa Salud en la Escuela y la inserción de la temática de la violencia en las diversas carreras universitarias, ya que cuidar a niños y adolescentes y defenderlos constituyen obligación de todos los ciudadanos.

Estrategias de educadoras en el ámbito de la escuela para prevención y enfrentamiento de la vivencia de violencia doméstica por los adolescentes Estratégias de educadoras no âmbito da escola para prevenção e enfrentamento da vivência de violência doméstica pelos adolescentes Objetivo: identificar, no discurso de educadoras, que estratégias elas podem implementar, no âmbito da escola, para prevenir e enfrentar a vivência de violência doméstica pelos adolescentes. Método: estudo qualitativo, fundamentado na perspectiva crítico-libertadora de Paulo Freire, realizado com 20 educadoras de uma escola pública, em Salvador, Bahia, Brasil. Para a coleta de dados, utilizou-se a entrevista e, para a sistematização destes, o discurso do sujeito coletivo. Resultados: os discursos revelam as seguintes estratégias de enfrentamento da violência doméstica vivenciada pelos adolescentes: acionar o Conselho Tutelar; criar espaços de acolhimento e escuta para os escolares; estreitar laços entre escola e família; promover ações educativas e articular saberes. Conclusões: este estudo contribui para indicar caminhos para a prevenção e o enfrentamento de abusos familiares que comprometem a saúde física e mental de crianças e adolescentes, com impactos sobre o desempenho escolar. Sugere-se a contribuição da atenção primária à saúde por meio de ações vinculadas ao Programa Saúde na Escola e a inserção da temática da violência nos diversos cursos de graduação, visto que cuidar das crianças e dos adolescentes e defendê-los constituem obrigação de todos os cidadãos. Para citar este artigo / Para citar este artículo / To reference this article Cordeiro KCC, Gomes NP, Estrela FM, Silva AF, Magalhães JRF, Lírio JGDS. Strategies by Educators within the School Setting to Prevent and Cope with the Experience of Domestic Violence by Adolescents. Aquichan 2019; 19(3): e1938. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5294/aqui.2019.19.3.8 Received: 26/02/2019 Accepted: 28/06/2019 Financiado pela Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia, Brasil.