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The North African countries—Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, and Egypt—share similar semi-arid climates, ethno-linguistic characteristics, colonial histories, and structural development challenges, especially those related to atmospheric pollution and climate disruption. Thereby, this paper investigates environmental sustainability in this region by exploring the correlation between greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, a metric of environmental degradation, and its main drivers, including demographic growth, advanced education, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflows, Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and energy use per capita, operating under the energy-augmented STIRPAT framework and using the PMG-ARDL long-run modeling from 1980 to 2023. The novelty of this study lies in its assessment of environmental sustainability in this regional context with the application of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) and the pollution Haven-Halo hypotheses (PHV-PHH) simultaneously. Our findings indicate that, except for advanced education, all other variables contributed to environmental degradation. Furthermore, in contrast to the econometric results and the graphical illustration of the GHG emissions with the quadratic term of GDP, which do not conform to the inverted U shape of the EKC and yield a positive sign in the regression system, the results with the quadratic term of FDI support the PHV-PHH, resulting in a negative sign. Moreover, the spillovers effects are confirmed through the cross-countries dependence tests. In light of these findings, targeted policy actions with specific incentives, fully adapted for the North African context are proposed in order to promote its sustainability in this region.

After the political changes experienced by Morocco, by introducing the concept of reverse logistics and its interaction with E-commerce, environmental guidelines driven by social aspects are becoming crucial for the industry. Therefore, protecting the ecological environment should not compromise economic gains. It is part of an approach aimed at apprehending the construction of the foundations of a reverse logistics approach. These foundations will have to respond not only to the specificity of the but also to have tangible impacts on companies, but also to have tangible impacts on the environment It should be noted that in e-commerce, it's the other way around: the goods go to the customer. We are therefore witnessing a reversal of the physical flow down the supply chain. This article first analyzes the appearance and evolution, through the advantages and processes of logistics and E-commerce. Subsequently, it will be presented how the reverse logistics positively impact the E-commerce process.

La gouvernance des collectivités locales et le développement durable sont deux domaines interdépendants et vitaux pour assurer un avenir durable et prospère. Le rôle croissant des acteurs territoriaux dans l'économie, la complexité financière et administrative croissante, les nouveaux modes de gestion, l'insuffisante surveillance liée aux déficits des services publics du Territoire. L'avis intervient à un moment critique où le royaume met en oeuvre des réformes territoriales. En effet, le système de gouvernance territoriale du pays a subi des transformations majeures depuis l'entrée en vigueur de la loi organique relative aux collectivités territoriales. Le présent papier vise à mettre en lumière les acquis et les faiblesses des réformes engagées en vue de proposer les mesures nécessaires à même de garantir une gouvernance à la hauteur des enjeux territoriaux actuels et futurs, en intégrant le concept du développement durable comme une finalité.