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With the growing importance of communicating with the public via the web, many industries have used web analytics to provide information that organizations can use to better achieve their goals. Although the importance of health care websites has also grown, the health care industry has been slower to adopt the use of web analytics. Web analytics are the measurement, collection, analysis, and reporting of internet data used to measure direct user interaction. Our objective is to provide generalized methods for using web analytics as key performance metrics to evaluate websites and outline actionable recommendations for improvement. By deconstructing web analytic categories such as engagement, users, acquisition, content, and platform, we describe how web analytics are used to evaluate websites and how improvements can be made using this information. Engagement is how a user interacts with a website. It can be evaluated using the daily active users to monthly active users (DAU/MAU) ratio, bounce rate, pages viewed, and time on site. Poor engagement indicates potential problems with website usability. Users pertains to demographic information regarding the users interacting with a website. This data can help administrators understand who is engaging with their website. Acquisition refers to the overall website traffic and the method of traffic, which allows administrators to see how people are accessing their website. This information helps websites expand their methods of attracting users. Content refers to the overall relevancy, accuracy, and trustworthiness of a website’s content. If a website has poor content, it will likely experience difficulty with user engagement. Finally, platform refers to the technical aspects of how people access a website. It includes both the internet browsers and devices used. By providing detailed descriptions of these categories, we have identified how web administrators can use web analytics to systematically assess their websites. We have also provided generalized recommendations for actionable improvements. By introducing the potential of web analytics to augment usability and the conversion rate, we hope to assist health care organizations in better communicating with the public and therefore accomplishing the goals of their websites.

To identify immunodominant antigens that elicit a humoral immune response following a primary and a secondary genital infection, rhesus monkeys were inoculated cervically with Chlamydia trachomatis serovar D. Serum samples were collected and probed with a protein microarray expressing 864/894 (96.4%) of the open reading frames of the C . trachomatis serovar D genome. The antibody response to the primary infection was analyzed in 72 serum samples from 12 inoculated monkeys. The following criteria were utilized to identify immunodominant antigens: proteins found to be recognized by at least 75% (9/12) of the infected monkeys with at least 15% elevations in signal intensity from week 0 to week 8 post infection. All infected monkeys developed Chlamydia specific serum antibodies. Eight proteins satisfied the selection criteria for immunodominant antigens: CT242 (OmpH-like protein), CT541 (mip), CT681 (ompA), CT381 (artJ), CT443 (omcB), CT119 (incA), CT486 (fliY), and CT110 (groEL). Of these, three antigens, CT119, CT486 and CT381, were not previously identified as immunodominant antigens using non-human primate sera. Following the secondary infection, the antibody responses to the eight immunodominant antigens were analyzed and found to be quite different in intensity and duration to the primary infection. In conclusion, these eight immunodominant antigens can now be tested for their ability to identify individuals with a primary C . trachomatis genital infection and to design vaccine strategies to protect against a primary infection with this pathogen.

Free-ranging nonhuman primates are frequent sources of zoonotic pathogens due to their physiologic similarity and in many tropical regions, close contact with humans. Many high-risk disease transmission interfaces have not been monitored for zoonotic pathogens due to difficulties inherent to invasive sampling of free-ranging wildlife. Non-invasive surveillance of nonhuman primates for pathogens with high potential for spillover into humans is therefore critical for understanding disease ecology of existing zoonotic pathogen burdens and identifying communities where zoonotic diseases are likely to emerge in the future. We developed a non-invasive oral sampling technique using ropes distributed to nonhuman primates to target viruses shed in the oral cavity, which through bite wounds and discarded food, could be transmitted to people. Optimization was performed by testing paired rope and oral swabs from laboratory colony rhesus macaques for rhesus cytomegalovirus (RhCMV) and simian foamy virus (SFV) and implementing the technique with free-ranging terrestrial and arboreal nonhuman primate species in Uganda and Nepal. Both ubiquitous DNA and RNA viruses, RhCMV and SFV, were detected in oral samples collected from ropes distributed to laboratory colony macaques and SFV was detected in free-ranging macaques and olive baboons. Our study describes a technique that can be used for disease surveillance in free-ranging nonhuman primates and, potentially, other wildlife species when invasive sampling techniques may not be feasible.

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) causes severe disease in infants and immunocompromised people. There is no approved HCMV vaccine, and vaccine development strategies are complicated by evidence of both persistent infection and reinfection of people with prior immunity. The greatest emphasis has been placed on reducing transmission to seronegative pregnant women to prevent vertical transmission and its potentially severe sequelae. Increasing evidence suggests that the earliest host–HCMV interactions establish conditions for viral persistence, including evasion of host immune responses to the virus. Using a nonhuman primate model of HCMV infection, we show that rhesus macaques immunized against viral interleukin-10 (IL-10) manifest delayed rhesus cytomegalovirus (RhCMV) acquisition and altered immune responses to the infection when it does occur. Among animals with the greatest antiviral IL-10–neutralizing activity, the timing of RhCMV seroconversion was delayed by an average of 12 weeks. After acquisition, such animals displayed an antibody response to the new infection, which peaked as expected after 2 weeks but then declined rapidly. In contrast, surprisingly, vaccination with glycoprotein B (gB) protein had no discernible impact on these outcomes. Our results demonstrate that viral IL-10 is a key regulator of successful host immune responses to RhCMV. Viral IL-10 is, therefore, an important target for vaccine strategies against cytomegalovirus (CMV). Furthermore, given the immunoregulatory function of viral IL-10, targeting this protein may prove synergistic with other vaccine therapies and targets. Our study also provides additional evidence that the earliest host–CMV interactions can have a significant impact on the nature of persistent infection.

Free-ranging nonhuman primates are frequent sources of zoonotic pathogens due to their physiologic similarity and in many tropical regions, close contact with humans. Many high-risk disease transmission interfaces have not been monitored for zoonotic pathogens due to difficulties inherent to invasive sampling of free-ranging wildlife. Non-invasive surveillance of nonhuman primates for pathogens with high potential for spillover into humans is therefore critical for understanding disease ecology of existing zoonotic pathogen burdens and identifying communities where zoonotic diseases are likely to emerge in the future. We developed a non-invasive oral sampling technique using ropes distributed to nonhuman primates to target viruses shed in the oral cavity, which through bite wounds and discarded food, could be transmitted to people. Optimization was performed by testing paired rope and oral swabs from laboratory colony rhesus macaques for rhesus cytomegalovirus (RhCMV) and simian foamy virus (SFV) and implementing the technique with free-ranging terrestrial and arboreal nonhuman primate species in Uganda and Nepal. Both ubiquitous DNA and RNA viruses, RhCMV and SFV, were detected in oral samples collected from ropes distributed to laboratory colony macaques and SFV was detected in free-ranging macaques and olive baboons. Our study describes a technique that can be used for disease surveillance in free-ranging nonhuman primates and, potentially, other wildlife species when invasive sampling techniques may not be feasible.

YEARS ago if you wished some one the worst possible luck you Would say, \"may your children all be But times have changed.

International credit markets are characterized by potential debt repudiation without formal contract-enforcement mechanisms. In such an environment, creditor penalties and domestic politics are thought to be significant influences on the debt service decision. This study assumes heterogeneous agents make fully-informed, forward-looking expectations of future government policies which result from a Nash-type competition between political parties with different objectives. In an environment in which costs--both from trade financing restrictions incurred for partial repudiation and from \"taxes\" imposed to service debt--are distributed non-uniformly across agents, the model is solved for equilibria levels of external debt service. Analytical results imply: (i) the use of bank-supplied trade financing is positively related to expected levels of debt repayment and (ii) the political influence of users of trade financing is positively related to expected levels of debt repayment. Empirical investigation, using panel data covering a total of seventeen countries whose debt is currently traded on secondary markets, finds statistical evidence to support the propositions mentioned.

Frank Mayo was one of the few native-born American actors who rose to fame in the last half of the nineteenth century. He became best-known across America as Davy Crockett in a drama that perpetuated the nation's myth about the frontier spirit. Besides acting from the age of sixteen to his death at fifty-seven, Mayo also served as a theatre manager on several occasions and adapted several novels into dramas. Born in Boston on April 18, 1839, Frank Mayo moved to San Francisco in about 1853; after deserting the gold fields, he became an actor at the American Theatre. Following his position as \"leading man\" at Maguire's Opera House in San Francisco, Mayo moved to the East Coast in 1865, settling first in Boston, where he was leading man at the Boston Theatre. He next began a \"starring\" tour, and by the late 1860's was touring with his own company, playing his specialty role of Badger in The Streets of New York. In August, 1872, Frank Mayo became manager of the Rochester Opera House, and retained that position for nine months. It was while in Rochester that Mayo played the role of Davy Crockett for the first time on September 15, 1872. After that success, Mayo formed a touring company of forty members in 1882 and attempted to present Shakespearian and other dramas, but that venture placed Mayo heavily in debt. He next wrote several plays in the 1880's: Nordeck, The Royal Guard, and The Athlete. Public reception of these plays varied, but in general they did not have a broad appeal. From about 1891 to 1893, he had few engagements, and eventually withdrew from the American stage for ten months. Finally, in April, 1895, he brought out an adaptation of Mark Twain's Pudd'nhead Wilson. The play was an instant success and he immediately began a national tour. At the close of the 1895-96 season, while he was on his way to a final engagement in Omaha, Frank Mayo suffered a heart attack and died on June 8, 1896, while aboard a train in central Nebraska. He was buried in West Laurel Hill Cemetery in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Frank Mayo's success on stage was dependent upon dramas which had sentiments that could be considered both universal and American. Romantic love, chivalry, bravery, and compassion were part of Davy Crockett, as were the American ideals of justice, frontier strength, and a firm resolution \"to do what is right.\" Mayo was at his best when he was dealing with such American themes, and even his last play, Pudd'nhead Wilson, was strong in promoting Yankee individualism. All of these elements contributed his status as a \"star.\" However, Frank Mayo was known in his time not only as a leading actor, but as a kind and compassionate individual, considered a gentleman by all his associates. His generosity is best seen in the innumerable charity performances he took part in. One contemporary writer summed up the man this way: \"He was gifted with many of the qualifications of a successful actor, a handsome face, a commanding figure, a strong and musical voice, and possessed, besides, an unyielding resolution to succeed.\" Frank Mayo's success was the result of hard work, and while he may not be as well-remembered today as Edwin Booth, for instance, he represents a popular actor who well-entertained his middle-class audiences. His achievement was that he performed well what he saw as his life's work; and his talent was unique enough that no other actor was capable of recreating the roles he had perfected.

Many aspects of Earth’s early sulfur cycle, from the origin of mass-anomalous fractionations to the degree of biological participation, remain poorly understood—in part due to complications from postdepositional diagenetic and metamorphic processes. Using a combination of scanning high-resolution magnetic superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) microscopy and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) of sulfur isotopes (³²S, ³³S, and ³⁴S), we examined drill core samples from slope and basinal environments adjacent to a major Late Archean (∼2.6–2.5 Ga) marine carbonate platform from South Africa. Coupled with petrography, these techniques can untangle the complex history of mineralization in samples containing diverse sulfur-bearing phases. We focused on pyrite nodules, precipitated in shallow sediments. These textures record systematic spatial differences in both mass-dependent and mass-anomalous sulfur-isotopic composition over length scales of even a few hundred microns. Petrography and magnetic imaging demonstrate that mass-anomalous fractionations were acquired before burial and compaction, but also show evidence of postdepositional alteration 500 million y after deposition. Using magnetic imaging to screen for primary phases, we observed large spatial gradients in Δ ³³S (>4‰) in nodules, pointing to substantial environmental heterogeneity and dynamic mixing of sulfur pools on geologically rapid timescales. In other nodules, large systematic radial δ ³⁴S gradients (>20‰) were observed, from low values near their centers increasing to high values near their rims. These fractionations support hypotheses that microbial sulfate reduction was an important metabolism in organic-rich Archean environments—even in an Archean ocean basin dominated by iron chemistry.