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"Filippo, E. De"
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قصة إقامة الأسير الإيطالي فيليبو بانانتي \Filippo Pananti\ في مدينة الجزائر 1813
يعد كتاب \"قصة إقامة الأسير الإيطالي فيليبو بانانتي في مدينة الجزائر 1813\" شهادة أدبية وتاريخية نادرة، توثق تجربة شخصية لأسير أوروبي في قلب الجزائر العثمانية مطلع القرن التاسع عشر. من خلال وصفه اليومي للحياة في مدينة الجزائر، يعرض بانانتي مشاهد غنية بالتفاصيل حول المجتمع، والعادات، ونظام الحكم، والعبودية، والدين، والعلاقات بين الشرق والغرب. بأسلوب يمزج بين السخرية والملاحظة الدقيقة، ينقل الكاتب صورة بانورامية عن المدينة وسكانها، ويكشف عن التمثلات الأوروبية تجاه \"الآخر\" في تلك الحقبة. وتمثل الترجمة العربية التي أعدها الدكتور بوطبة لخضر نافذة مهمة للاطلاع على هذه الوثيقة النادرة، بما تحمله من قيمة ثقافية وتاريخية.
BOOK
Amniotic fluid stem cell-derived vesicles protect from VEGF-induced endothelial damage
Injection of amniotic fluid stem cells (AFSC) delays the course of progression of renal fibrosis in animals with Alport Syndrome, enhancing kidney function and improving survival. The mechanisms responsible for these protective outcomes are still largely unknown. Here, we showed that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling within the glomeruli of Alport mice is strongly elevated early on in the disease, causing glomerular endothelial cell damage. Intraventricular injected AFSC that homed within the glomeruli showed strong modulation of the VEGF activity, particularly in glomerular endothelial cells. To investigate this phenomenon we hypothesized that extracellular vesicles (EVs) produced by the AFSC could be responsible for the observed renoprotection. AFSC derived EVs presented exosomal and stem cell markers on their surface membrane, including VEGFR1 and VEGFR2. EVs were able to modulate VEGF in glomerular endothelial cells by effectively trapping the excess VEGF through VEGFR1-binding preventing cellular damage. In contrast, VEGFR1/sVEGFR1 knockout EVs failed to show similar protection, thus indicating that VEGF trapping is a potentially viable mechanism for AFSC-EV mediated renoprotection. Taken together, our findings establish that EVs secreted by AFSC could target a specific signaling pathway within the glomerulus, thus representing a new potential glomerulus-specific targeted intervention.
Journal Article
A glomerulus-on-a-chip to recapitulate the human glomerular filtration barrier
In this work we model the glomerular filtration barrier, the structure responsible for filtering the blood and preventing the loss of proteins, using human podocytes and glomerular endothelial cells seeded into microfluidic chips. In long-term cultures, cells maintain their morphology, form capillary-like structures and express slit diaphragm proteins. This system recapitulates functions and structure of the glomerulus, including permselectivity. When exposed to sera from patients with anti-podocyte autoantibodies, the chips show albuminuria proportional to patients’ proteinuria, phenomenon not observed with sera from healthy controls or individuals with primary podocyte defects. We also show its applicability for renal disease modeling and drug testing. A total of 2000 independent chips were analyzed, supporting high reproducibility and validation of the system for high-throughput screening of therapeutic compounds. The study of the patho-physiology of the glomerulus and identification of therapeutic targets are also feasible using this chip.
The glomerular filtration barrier is a complex structure in charge of renal ultrafiltration. Here the authors present a glomerulus-on-a-chip for disease modelling and high-throughput drug screening where human podocytes and human glomerular endothelial cells are separated by an extracellular matrix resembling the in vivo basement membrane.
Journal Article
Protective Effect of Human Amniotic Fluid Stem Cells in an Immunodeficient Mouse Model of Acute Tubular Necrosis
Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN) causes severe damage to the kidney epithelial tubular cells and is often associated with severe renal dysfunction. Stem-cell based therapies may provide alternative approaches to treating of ATN. We have previously shown that clonal c-kit(pos) stem cells, derived from human amniotic fluid (hAFSC) can be induced to a renal fate in an ex-vivo system. Herein, we show for the first time the successful therapeutic application of hAFSC in a mouse model with glycerol-induced rhabdomyolysis and ATN. When injected into the damaged kidney, luciferase-labeled hAFSC can be tracked using bioluminescence. Moreover, we show that hAFSC provide a protective effect, ameliorating ATN in the acute injury phase as reflected by decreased creatinine and BUN blood levels and by a decrease in the number of damaged tubules and apoptosis therein, as well as by promoting proliferation of tubular epithelial cells. We show significant immunomodulatory effects of hAFSC, over the course of ATN. We therefore speculate that AFSC could represent a novel source of stem cells that may function to modulate the kidney immune milieu in renal failure caused by ATN.
Journal Article
The spatially resolved transcriptome signatures of glomeruli in chronic kidney disease
Here, we used digital spatial profiling (DSP) to describe the glomerular transcriptomic signatures that may characterize the complex molecular mechanisms underlying progressive kidney disease in Alport syndrome, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, and membranous nephropathy. Our results revealed significant transcriptional heterogeneity among diseased glomeruli, and this analysis showed that histologically similar glomeruli manifested different transcriptional profiles. Using glomerular pathology scores to establish an axis of progression, we identified molecular pathways with progressively decreased expression in response to increasing pathology scores, including signal recognition particle-dependent cotranslational protein targeting to membrane and selenocysteine synthesis pathways. We also identified a distinct signature of upregulated and downregulated genes common to all the diseases investigated when compared with nondiseased tissue from nephrectomies. These analyses using DSP at the single-glomerulus level could help to increase insight into the pathophysiology of kidney disease and possibly the identification of biomarkers of disease progression in glomerulopathies.
Journal Article
The NArCoS Project: efficiency estimation and the cross talk problem studied through Monte Carlo simulations
With the advent of the new radioactive beam facilities it is necessary to develop neutron detection systems integrated with charged particle ones. The integration of the neutron signal, especially in using neutron rich beams, becomes a mandatory requirement in order to study the property of the nuclear matter in extreme conditions. For this reason new detectors using new materials have to be built. In this contribution, some new results about the efficiency estimation and the cross talk problem studied through GEANT4 simulations, related to the NArCoS project, will be described with the aim to design a new detector of both good energy and angular resolution. The detection of neutrons and charged particles in the same elementary detection cell is envisaged.
Journal Article
Bioelectrical impedance phase angle in constitutionally lean females, ballet dancers and patients with anorexia nervosa
Background/objective: Several articles have described body composition in anorexia nervosa, whereas little is known about this issue in underweight ballet dancers and constitutionally lean females. The main aim of this study was to assess whether phase angle (a bioimpedance variable related to body cell mass) differs according to the type of underweight in female adolescents and young women. Subjects/methods: Skinfold thicknesses and bioimpedance analysis (whole body and limbs) were evaluated in three groups of underweight patients (30 patients with anorexia nervosa, 10 constitutionally lean individuals and 15 classical dancers) and 30 normal weight controls. Results: There were no differences between the three groups of underweight patients with respect to anthropometric and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) variables with the exception of phase angle. The latter was significantly higher in dancers, lower in anorectic patients and not different in constitutionally lean patients, as compared with controls. Conclusions: Phase angle (assessed by single-frequency BIA) appears to discriminate between different forms of underweight, being an effective marker of qualitative changes in body composition.
Journal Article
Isospin equilibration phenomenon and mid-rapidity IMF emission in the 48Ca +27 Al 40 MeV/nucleon collision
It is discussed the dynamics of Isospin equilibration in reactions involving the production of Intermediate Mass Fragment (IMF) in the mid-rapidity region. The investigation proceeds through the measurements of the reduced value of the total dipolar signal obtained from the measured velocities and charges of all fragments produced in the collision 48Ca +27 Al at 40 MeV/nucleon. Preliminary experimental results, along with the comparison with CoMD-III model calculations for different density functionals related to the symmetry energy, are presented.
Journal Article
A Novel Source of Cultured Podocytes
Amniotic fluid is in continuity with multiple developing organ systems, including the kidney. Committed, but still stem-like cells from these organs may thus appear in amniotic fluid. We report having established for the first time a stem-like cell population derived from human amniotic fluid and possessing characteristics of podocyte precursors. Using a method of triple positive selection we obtained a population of cells (hAKPC-P) that can be propagated in vitro for many passages without immortalization or genetic manipulation. Under specific culture conditions, these cells can be differentiated to mature podocytes. In this work we compared these cells with conditionally immortalized podocytes, the current gold standard for in vitro studies. After in vitro differentiation, both cell lines have similar expression of the major podocyte proteins, such as nephrin and type IV collagen, that are characteristic of mature functional podocytes. In addition, differentiated hAKPC-P respond to angiotensin II and the podocyte toxin, puromycin aminonucleoside, in a way typical of podocytes. In contrast to immortalized cells, hAKPC-P have a more nearly normal cell cycle regulation and a pronounced developmental pattern of specific protein expression, suggesting their suitability for studies of podocyte development for the first time in vitro. These novel progenitor cells appear to have several distinct advantages for studies of podocyte cell biology and potentially for translational therapies.
Journal Article
Long range plans to study the nuclear equation-of-state from sub- to supra-saturation densities with heavy-ion collisions
We cover here the present state-of-the-art in constraining the nuclear equation-of-state (EoS) and the symmetry energy using heavy-ion collisions (HIC), from sub- to supra-saturation densities, from Fermi to (ultra-) relativistic beam energies. We also discuss how HIC constraints on the EoS contribute to the knowledge of thermodynamical properties of neutron star matter. Necessary improvements and challenges are outlined, in particular in the perspective, for HICs, of staying competitive with future astrophysical multimessenger observations.
Journal Article