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A curious mind : the secret to a bigger life
An \"homage to the power of inquisitiveness and the ways in which it deepens and improves us. Whether you're looking to improve your management style at work or you want to become a better romantic partner, this book--and its lessons on the power of curiosity--can change your life\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Turnerbactin, a Novel Triscatecholate Siderophore from the Shipworm Endosymbiont Teredinibacter turnerae T7901
Shipworms are marine bivalve mollusks (Family Teredinidae) that use wood for shelter and food. They harbor a group of closely related, yet phylogenetically distinct, bacterial endosymbionts in bacteriocytes located in the gills. This endosymbiotic community is believed to support the host's nutrition in multiple ways, through the production of cellulolytic enzymes and the fixation of nitrogen. The genome of the shipworm endosymbiont Teredinibacter turnerae T7901 was recently sequenced and in addition to the potential for cellulolytic enzymes and diazotrophy, the genome also revealed a rich potential for secondary metabolites. With nine distinct biosynthetic gene clusters, nearly 7% of the genome is dedicated to secondary metabolites. Bioinformatic analyses predict that one of the gene clusters is responsible for the production of a catecholate siderophore. Here we describe this gene cluster in detail and present the siderophore product from this cluster. Genes similar to the entCEBA genes of enterobactin biosynthesis involved in the production and activation of dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB) are present in this cluster, as well as a two-module non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS). A novel triscatecholate siderophore, turnerbactin, was isolated from the supernatant of iron-limited T. turnerae T7901 cultures. Turnerbactin is a trimer of N-(2,3-DHB)-L-Orn-L-Ser with the three monomeric units linked by Ser ester linkages. A monomer, dimer, dehydrated dimer, and dehydrated trimer of 2,3-DHB-L-Orn-L-Ser were also found in the supernatant. A link between the gene cluster and siderophore product was made by constructing a NRPS mutant, TtAH03. Siderophores could not be detected in cultures of TtAH03 by HPLC analysis and Fe-binding activity of culture supernatant was significantly reduced. Regulation of the pathway by iron is supported by identification of putative Fur box sequences and observation of increased Fe-binding activity under iron restriction. Evidence of a turnerbactin fragment was found in shipworm extracts, suggesting the production of turnerbactin in the symbiosis.
Journal Article
Fault Lines in Global Jihad
This book deals with the causes, nature, and impact of the divisions within the jihadi movement, and the splits between jihadis and other Islamic groups.
Fault Lines in Global Jihad offers a systematic and comprehensive examination of the broad range of divisions that contribute to the weakening of the jihadi movement. It separates these divisions into two broad categories, namely fissures dividing jihadis themselves, and divisions separating jihadis from other Muslim and Islamist groups. The first part of the book covers intra-jihadi divisions, highlighting tensions and divisions over strategic, tactical, and organizational issues. The second part of the book addresses several important case studies of jihadi altercations with other Muslim and Islamist groups of non-jihadi persuasion, such as the Muslim Brotherhood, Hamas, and the Shii community. More than simply an enumeration of problems and cracks within al-Qa'ida and its cohorts, this book addresses critical policy issues of relevance to the broader struggle against the global jihadi movement. The editors conclude that these divisions have and continue to weaken al-Qa'ida, but neither in an automatic nor in an exclusive fashion-for these divisions render the global jihadi movement simultaneously vulnerable and more resilient.
This book will be of much interest to students of jihadism, terrorism and political violence, Islamism, security studies and IR in general.
eBook
Using the Mistakes of Al Qaeda's Franchises to Undermine Its Strategies
Since the invasion of Iraq, al Qaeda has used \"franchises\" to expand its global reach. Al Qaeda offered these franchises very little, except its name, reputation, and ideology. Because of al Qaedas minimal investment, destroying the franchise groups will accomplish very little against the mother organization. Instead, the United States should use al Qaedas franchises as a vehicle to attack al Qaedas name, reputation, and ideas. Al Qaedas franchises are more prone to strategic mistakes than their namesake; those errors should be used as the cornerstone of a narrative to highlight al Qaeda s ideological failings. Al Qaeda in Iraq has been particularly mistake-prone. Three mistakes in particular offer opportunities to undermine al Qaeda s ideology: attacks against Muslim civilians, the declaration of the Islamic State of Iraq, and infighting with other Iraqi insurgent groups.
Journal Article
Fault Lines in Global Jihad
This book deals with the causes, nature, and impact of the divisions within the jihadi movement, and the splits between jihadis and other Islamic groups. Fault Lines in Global Jihad offers a systematic and comprehensive examination of the broad range of divisions that contribute to the weakening of the jihadi movement. It separates these divisions into two broad categories, namely fissures dividing jihadis themselves, and divisions separating jihadis from other Muslim and Islamist groups. The first part of the book covers intra-jihadi divisions, highlighting tensions and divisions over strategic, tactical, and organizational issues. The second part of the book addresses several important case studies of jihadi altercations with other Muslim and Islamist groups of non-jihadi persuasion, such as the Muslim Brotherhood, Hamas, and the Shi’a community. More than simply an enumeration of problems and cracks within al-Qa’ida and its cohorts, this book addresses critical policy issues of relevance to the broader struggle against the global jihadi movement. The editors conclude that these divisions have weakened and continue to weaken al-Qa’ida, but neither in an automatic nor in an exclusive fashion, for these divisions render the global jihadi movement simultaneously vulnerable and more resilient. This book will be of much interest to students of jihadism, terrorism and political violence, Islamism, security studies, and IR in general.
Book
Conclusion
It has become de rigueur in both analytic and policy-making circles to cite Carl von Clausewitz's dictum that \"the first, the supreme, the most far-reaching act of judgment that the statesman and commander have to make is to establish ... the kind of war on which they are embarking.\"1 This task requires a clear understanding of who the enemy is and who it is not - an undertaking that continues to prove difficult for US policy-makers and academics even nine years after 9/11. This clouded understanding of our adversary inhibits effective strategy and counterterrorism operations because it obstructs detailed analysis of enemy strengths and weaknesses. Moreover, an incomplete understanding of al-Qa'ida and its militant jihadi allies prevents us from knowing when the enemy is defeated, and hence, when the war that began shortly after September 11, 2001, will conclude. To that end, the purpose of this volume was to enhance our overall grasp of the jihadi movement through systematic exploration of its endogenous weaknesses - those fractures that rend the jihadi movement internally and divide it from its non-jihadi Muslim counterparts.
Book Chapter
Introduction
As the tenth anniversary of the 9/11 attacks approaches, there is a growing sense among terrorism analysts that al-Qa'ida is on the losing side of the battle against its enemies, foremost among them the United States.1 Signs that al-Qa'ida is in trouble are ample. The group has lost many key operational leaders to arrest or assassination; a number of al-Qa'ida franchises - including in Saudi Arabia, Iraq, and Algeria - have been substantially weakened or defeated; and a host of ideological challenges, including recantations from prominent jihadis themselves, have compelled al-Qa'ida to spend valuable time defending its reputation and actions. Arguably most consequential is the fact that Muslims continue to be the single largest group of people killed and injured by attacks executed by, attributed to, influenced, or condoned by al-Qa'ida. Attacks that shed the blood of Muslims delegitimize the group in the eyes of the umma - the global Islamic community of believers and al-Qa'ida's hoped-for constituency. These failures suggest that al-Qa'ida is no closer to achieving its long-term goals than it was on September 10, 2001.
Book Chapter
Turnerbactin, a Novel Triscatecholate Siderophore from the Shipworm Endosymbiont Teredinibacter turnerae T7901: e76151
Shipworms are marine bivalve mollusks (Family Teredinidae) that use wood for shelter and food. They harbor a group of closely related, yet phylogenetically distinct, bacterial endosymbionts in bacteriocytes located in the gills. This endosymbiotic community is believed to support the host's nutrition in multiple ways, through the production of cellulolytic enzymes and the fixation of nitrogen. The genome of the shipworm endosymbiont Teredinibacter turnerae T7901 was recently sequenced and in addition to the potential for cellulolytic enzymes and diazotrophy, the genome also revealed a rich potential for secondary metabolites. With nine distinct biosynthetic gene clusters, nearly 7% of the genome is dedicated to secondary metabolites. Bioinformatic analyses predict that one of the gene clusters is responsible for the production of a catecholate siderophore. Here we describe this gene cluster in detail and present the siderophore product from this cluster. Genes similar to the entCEBA genes of enterobactin biosynthesis involved in the production and activation of dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB) are present in this cluster, as well as a two-module non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS). A novel triscatecholate siderophore, turnerbactin, was isolated from the supernatant of iron-limited T. turnerae T7901 cultures. Turnerbactin is a trimer of N-(2,3-DHB)-L-Orn-L-Ser with the three monomeric units linked by Ser ester linkages. A monomer, dimer, dehydrated dimer, and dehydrated trimer of 2,3-DHB-L-Orn-L-Ser were also found in the supernatant. A link between the gene cluster and siderophore product was made by constructing a NRPS mutant, TtAH03. Siderophores could not be detected in cultures of TtAH03 by HPLC analysis and Fe-binding activity of culture supernatant was significantly reduced. Regulation of the pathway by iron is supported by identification of putative Fur box sequences and observation of increased Fe-binding activity under iron restriction. Evidence of a turnerbactin fragment was found in shipworm extracts, suggesting the production of turnerbactin in the symbiosis.
Journal Article
The epicenter of crisis : the new Middle East
Analysis of the security challenges presented by six states in the crucible of post-9/11 geopolitical change: Saudi Arabia, Syria, Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan, and Pakistan.
eBook
The Taliban in Pakistan
This chapter analyzes the Taliban groups in northwest Pakistan and their various alliances and target sets. It first addresses the crosscutting background issues that shape militancy in the region. It then examines the importance of Mullah Omar, the Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan (TTP), al-Qaeda, and drone strikes in the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA). It considers the idioms and concepts used to understand the militant actors in the FATA, and summarizes militancy in each FATA agency and Swat.
Book Chapter