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"FitzGerald, David"
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Refuge beyond reach : how rich democracies repel asylum seekers
\"In Refuge beyond Reach, David Scott FitzGerald traces the origin and development of the practices deployed by governments to deter asylum seekers from the 1970s to the present. FitzGerald draws on official government documents, information obtained via WikiLeaks and FOIA requests from the CIA, and interviews with asylum seekers to systematically analyze the policies associated with the remote control of asylum seekers. He shows how the US, Canada, Europe, and Australia comply with the letter of law while violating the spirit of those laws through a range of remote control practices: the dome, the moat, the buffer, the cage, and the barbican. Remote control flourishes in secrecy behind the closed doors of consulates and airport terminals and in the anonymity of the seas and remote border regions. These policies may violate law, but Fitzgerald identifies some pressure points. Bilateral relationships, an autonomous judiciary enforcing rights, and oversight by transnational civil society watchdogs can temper the worst abuses\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Managing the TME to improve the efficacy of cancer therapy
The tumor microenvironment (TME) influences tumor growth, metastatic spread and response to treatment. Often immunosuppression, mediated by the TME, impairs a beneficial response. The complexity of the tumor composition challenges our abilities to design new and more effective therapies. Going forward we will need to ‘manage’ the content and or functionality of the TME to improve treatment outcomes. Currently, several different kinds of treatments are available to patients with cancer: there are the traditional approaches of chemotherapy, radiation and surgery; there are targeted agents that inhibit kinases associated with oncogenic pathways; there are monoclonal antibodies that target surface antigens often delivering toxic payloads or cells and finally there are antibodies and biologics that seek to overcome the immunosuppression caused by elements within the TME. How each of these therapies interact with the TME is currently under intense and widespread investigation. In this review we describe how the TME and its immunosuppressive components can influence both tumor progression and response to treatment focusing on three particular tumor types, classic Hodgkin Lymphoma (cHL), Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM). And, finally, we offer five approaches to manipulate or manage the TME to improve outcomes for cancer patients.
Journal Article
The Sociology of Refugee Migration
Theorization in the sociology of migration and the field of refugee studies has been retarded by a path-dependent division that we argue should be broken down by greater mutual engagement. Excavating the construction of the refugee category reveals how unwarranted assumptions shape contemporary disputes about the scale of refugee crises, appropriate policy responses, and suitable research tools. Empirical studies of how violence interacts with economic and other factors shaping mobility offer lessons for both fields. Adapting existing theories that may not appear immediately applicable, such as household economy approaches, helps explain refugees' decision-making processes. At a macro level, world systems theory sheds light on the interactive policies around refugees across states of origin, mass hosting, asylum, transit, and resettlement. Finally, focusing on the integration of refugees in the Global South reveals a pattern that poses major challenges to theories of assimilation and citizenship developed in settler states of the Global North.
Journal Article
Immunotoxin therapy of cancer
Immunotoxins are potent bacterial toxins fused to antibodies that bind tumour-specific antigens, and can dramatically improve the clinical utility of some anti-tumour antibodies. This review describes the construction and efficacy of several recombinant immunotoxins, using results from recent clinical trials.
Rationally designed anticancer agents that target cell-surface antigens or receptors represent a promising approach for treating cancer patients. However, antibodies that bind these targets are often, by themselves, non-cytotoxic. By attaching potent toxins we can dramatically improve the clinical utility of some anti-tumour antibodies. Here we describe the construction and clinical utility of several recombinant immunotoxins; each of which is composed of antibody Fv fragments fused to powerful bacterial toxins. Results from clinical trials indicate that recombinant immunotoxins and similar agents that are designed to combine antibody selectivity with toxin cell-killing potency will be useful additions to cancer therapy.
Journal Article
80/20 triathlon : discover the breakthrough elite-training formula for ultimate fitness and performance at all levels
\"Cutting-edge research has proven that triathletes and other endurance athletes experience their greatest performance when they do 80 percent of their training at low intensity and the remaining 20 percent at moderate to high intensity. But the vast majority of recreational triathletes are caught in the so-called \"moderate-intensity rut,\" spending almost half of their time training too hard--harder than the pros. Training harder isn't smarter; it actually results in low-grade chronic fatigue that prevents recreational athletes from getting the best results. In 80/20 Triathlon, Matt Fitzgerald and David Warden lay out the real-world and scientific evidence, offering concrete tips and strategies, along with complete training plans for every distance--Sprint, Olympic, Half-Ironman, and Ironman--to help athletes implement the 80/20 rule of intensity balance. Benefits include reduced fatigue and injury risk, improved fitness, increased motivation, and better race results\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Identification of Tandem Duplicate Regulatory Small RNAs in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Involved in Iron Homeostasis
In many bacteria, iron homeostasis is controlled primarily by the ferric uptake regulator (Fur), a transcriptional repressor. However, some genes, including those involved in iron storage, are positively regulated by Fur. A Fur-repressed regulatory small RNA (sRNA), RyhB, has been identified in Escherichia coli, and it has been demonstrated that negative regulation of genes by this sRNA is responsible for the positive regulation of some genes by Fur. No RyhB sequence homologs were found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, despite the identification of genes positively regulated by its Fur homolog. A bioinformatics approach identified two tandem sRNAs in P. aeruginosa that were candidates for functional homologs of RyhB. These sRNAs (PrrF1 and PrrF2) are >95% identical to each other, and a functional Fur box precedes each. Their expression is induced under iron limitation. Deletion of both sRNAs is required to affect the iron-dependent regulation of an array of genes, including those involved in resistance to oxidative stress, iron storage, and intermediary metabolism. As in E. coli, induction of the PrrF sRNAs leads to the rapid loss of mRNAs for sodB (super-oxide dismutase), sdh (succinate dehydrogenase), and a gene encoding a bacterioferritin. Thus, the PrrF sRNAs are the functional homologs of RyhB sRNA. At least one gene, bfrB, is positively regulated by Fur and Fe2+, even in the absence of the PrrF sRNAs. This work suggests that the role of sRNAs in bacterial iron homeostasis may be broad, and approaches similar to those described here may identify these sRNAs in other organisms.
Journal Article
Immunization with peptide encapsulated within synthetic spores activates T cell responses and reduces tumor growth
Effective delivery of antigens to the immune system is essential for activating the adaptive immune system. S ynthetic S pore H usk- E ncased L ipids (SSHELs) are synthetic bacterial spore-like particles, where the proteinaceous polymerized surface layer of Bacillus subtilis spores is partially reconstituted around a porous silica bead encased in a membrane. The protein surface allows easy covalent modification of the SSHEL surface, and the porous core permits high-capacity cargo loading. Here, we demonstrate that SSHELs act as a self-adjuvanting delivery system that enhances antigen uptake, processing, and MHC-I cross-presentation by dendritic cells. Importantly, we show that both particle size and antigen localization on or within the SSHEL particle profoundly influence the efficiency of T cell priming. These results establish SSHELs as a modular platform for the delivery of peptide antigens.
Journal Article