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"Fletcher, David"
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Government and political life in England and France, c.1300-c.1500
Provides a detailed comparative analysis of the multiple mechanisms by which French and English monarchs exercised their power in the final centuries of the Middle Ages.
Book
The health digital twin to tackle cardiovascular disease—a review of an emerging interdisciplinary field
Potential benefits of precision medicine in cardiovascular disease (CVD) include more accurate phenotyping of individual patients with the same condition or presentation, using multiple clinical, imaging, molecular and other variables to guide diagnosis and treatment. An approach to realising this potential is the digital twin concept, whereby a virtual representation of a patient is constructed and receives real-time updates of a range of data variables in order to predict disease and optimise treatment selection for the real-life patient. We explored the term digital twin, its defining concepts, the challenges as an emerging field, and potentially important applications in CVD. A mapping review was undertaken using a systematic search of peer-reviewed literature. Industry-based participants and patent applications were identified through web-based sources. Searches of Compendex, EMBASE, Medline, ProQuest and Scopus databases yielded 88 papers related to cardiovascular conditions (28%,
n
= 25), non-cardiovascular conditions (41%,
n
= 36), and general aspects of the health digital twin (31%,
n
= 27). Fifteen companies with a commercial interest in health digital twin or simulation modelling had products focused on CVD. The patent search identified 18 applications from 11 applicants, of which 73% were companies and 27% were universities. Three applicants had cardiac-related inventions. For CVD, digital twin research within industry and academia is recent, interdisciplinary, and established globally. Overall, the applications were numerical simulation models, although precursor models exist for the real-time cyber-physical system characteristic of a true digital twin. Implementation challenges include ethical constraints and clinical barriers to the adoption of decision tools derived from artificial intelligence systems.
Journal Article
Teen Titans go! Heroes on patrol
\"The greatest of the under-18 set returns for another round of major-league mayhem against the forces of chaos and destruction. Join Robin, Beast Boy, Raven, Cyborg, and Starfire as they fight for right in six titanic tales\"--Page 4 of cover.
Book
The health digital twin: advancing precision cardiovascular medicine
Precision medicine envisages a changed paradigm for health care through better understanding of individual disease susceptibility and prognosis, enabling more personalized treatment. Enabling technologies such as the health digital twin are rapidly evolving, presenting important challenges and opportunities to be tackled within local contexts.
Journal Article
The ghost in the shell : global neural network
\"A covert mission in Shanghai reunites Kusanagi with a wartime rival and shifting loyalties. Togusa and Saito set out to infiltrate a bio-supremacist gang, without the use of their cybernetics. A data thief living in the broken remnants of the United States is reuinted with an old flame and gets dragged into a tragedy that neither of them can stop. And a deep dive into the mind of a criminal forces Major Kusanagi to question the nature of imagination, and her own identity.\"--Page 4 of cover.
Book
Nasal Irrigation Delivery in Three Post-FESS Models From a Squeeze-bottle Using CFD
Purpose
Nasal saline irrigation is highly recommended in patients following functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) to aid the postoperative recovery. Post-FESS patients have significantly altered anatomy leading to markedly different flow dynamics from those found in pre-op or non-diseased airways, resulting in unknown flow dynamics.
Methods
This work investigated how the liquid stream disperses through altered nasal cavities following surgery using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). A realistic squeeze profile was determined from physical experiments with a 27-year-old male using a squeeze bottle with load sensors. The administration technique involved a head tilt of 45-degrees forward to represent a head position over a sink. After the irrigation event that lasted 4.5 s, the simulation continued for an additional 1.5 s, with the head orientation returning to an upright position.
Results
The results demonstrated that a large maxillary sinus ostium on the right side allows saline penetration into this sinus. The increased volume of saline entering the maxillary sinus limits the saline volume available to the rest of the sinonasal cavity and reduces the surface coverage of the other paranasal sinuses. The average wall shear stress was higher on the right side than on the other side for two patients. The results also revealed that head position alters the sinuses’ saline residual, especially the frontal sinuses.
Conclusion
While greater access to sinuses is achieved through FESS surgery, patients without a nasal septum limits posterior sinus penetration due to the liquid crossing over to the contralateral cavity and exiting the nasal cavity early.
Journal Article
How volume changes in the epidural space drives respiratory cerebrospinal fluid flow
How cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulates around the brain and spine is important to understand solute transport and the mechanisms of CSF flow disorders. It has recently been shown that respiratory-associated spinal CSF flows are influenced by intrathoracic and abdominal pressures, as well as by cranial blood volume. The mechanism of this remains unclear, and we hypothesise that differences in thoracic and lumbar pressures during respiration drive spinal epidural blood volume changes, which in turn drive CSF movement. We tested this hypothesis using a simple model of the whole spinal subarachnoid space (SSAS) and deformed the boundaries of the SSAS to simulate the effect of changes in epidural venous blood volumes. The model showed that the direction of cervical CSF flow depended on the relative difference in the volumes of the thoracic and lumbar SSAS. When the volume increase of the thoracic SSAS was the same or larger than the reduction of the lumbar SSAS, cervical CSF was drawn caudally, but when the change in thoracic SSAS was smaller, cervical CSF was displaced cranially. These models showed that the direction of cervical CSF flow was sensitive to small differences in the thoracic and lumbar SSAS. Since the SSAS volume change depends on the intrathoracic and abdominal pressures that drive venous blood through the epidural veins, these models suggest that respiratory manoeuvres that produce a large pressure gradient across the diaphragm are more likely to draw CSF caudally from the cranium into the SSAS.
Journal Article
Batman by Grant Morrison omnibus
\"One of the greatest storytellers of his generation, Grant Morrison's arrival onto the Dark Knight was one of the most hyped debuts in industry history. This collection includes time-spanning epic graphic novels featuring the cataclysmic events of FINAL CRISIS and the introduction of Batman's son, Damian Wayne! These blockbuster stories featured a deconstruction of super hero comics like never before, with challenging, thought-provoking takes on the modern, four-color icons.\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Recent Advances in Video Analytics for Rail Network Surveillance for Security, Trespass and Suicide Prevention—A Survey
Railway networks systems are by design open and accessible to people, but this presents challenges in the prevention of events such as terrorism, trespass, and suicide fatalities. With the rapid advancement of machine learning, numerous computer vision methods have been developed in closed-circuit television (CCTV) surveillance systems for the purposes of managing public spaces. These methods are built based on multiple types of sensors and are designed to automatically detect static objects and unexpected events, monitor people, and prevent potential dangers. This survey focuses on recently developed CCTV surveillance methods for rail networks, discusses the challenges they face, their advantages and disadvantages and a vision for future railway surveillance systems. State-of-the-art methods for object detection and behaviour recognition applied to rail network surveillance systems are introduced, and the ethics of handling personal data and the use of automated systems are also considered.
Journal Article